（江苏专用）2020高考英语二轮复习专题限时检测（十五）完形填空之议论文体.docx

专题限时检测(十五)完形填空之议论文体(共2篇，每篇限时18分钟)A(2019无锡模拟)Why study history?People live in the present. They plan for the _1_. History, however, is the study of the past. Given all the _2_ and pressures that come from living in the present and _3_ what is yet to come, why bother with what has happened? Given all the available branches of knowledge, why insist as most _4_ systems do on history? And why urge many students to study even more history than they are _5_ to?Any subject of study needs _6_： supporters must explain why it is worth _7_. Like most widely accepted _8_， history attracts people who simply _9_ the information and modes of thought involved. But for people who are less interested in the subject and more _10_ about why they should bother with it, a clearer explanation of its purpose is required._11_ do not perform heart transplants, improve highway design, or arrest criminals. In a society that quite correctly expects education to serve _12_ purposes, historys functions can seem more difficult to _13_ than those of engineering or medicine. History is in fact very useful, actually _14_， but the products of historical study are often less _15_ and immediate than those of other subjects.History helps us understand people, societies and how they _16_. For example, how can we _17_ past wars and future threats without using historical materials? Unfortunately, major aspects of the societys operation cannot be set up as precise experiments. _18_， history must serve, however imperfectly, as our _19_， helping us understand who we are and why we do what we do. This, fundamentally, is why we cannot _20_ history.语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。很多人有这样的疑惑：我们所有的需求和压力都来自于活在当下，以及对未来的预期，为什么还要在已经发生的事情上花费时间呢？虽然历史研究的成果往往不如其他学科那样立竿见影，但是，历史学科实际上是非常重要的，它能帮助我们了解我们是谁、我们为什么要做我们所做的事情。1A.processBresultCfuture Denvironment解析：选C根据上句“We live in the present.”和该句中的“plan for”，并结合常识可知，人们为未来做计划。C项意为“未来”，符合语境。A项意为“过程”；B项意为“结果”；D项意为“环境”。2A.causes BdemandsCchoices Dorders解析：选B根据该句中的“and pressures that come from living in the present”并结合选项可知，空处与名词“pressures”对应，表示“来自活在当下的需求和压力”。B项意为“需求”，符合语境。A项意为“原因”；C项意为“选择”；D项意为“次序”。3A.avoiding BfearingCcelebrating Danticipating解析：选D根据上文的“They plan for the _”以及该句中的“_ what is yet to come”，并结合语境可知，此处是说对未来的预期。D项意为“预期”，符合语境。A项意为“避免”；B项意为“恐惧”；C项意为“庆祝”。4A.financial BsocialCeducational Dpolitical解析：选C根据下文中的“urge many students to study even more history”可知，我们总是敦促学生学习更多历史知识；结合该句的内容可知，考虑到所有可用的知识分支，为什么大多数教育体系坚持教授历史？C项意为“教育的”，符合语境。A项意为“财政的”；B项意为“社会的”；D项意为“政治的”。5A.required BinvitedCforced Dpermitted解析：选A根据该句的内容，并结合常识可知，此处表示为什么要敦促许多学生学习比他们被要求学习的还要多的历史呢？A项意为“要求”，符合语境。B项意为“邀请”；C项意为“强迫”；D项意为“允许”。6A.direction BexplorationCjustification Drevolution解析：选C根据该句的内容，并结合常识可知，任何学科的研究都需要正当的理由(justification)，支持者必须解释其值得关注(attention)的原因，故C项正确。A项意为“方向”；B项意为“探索”；D项意为“改革”。7A.assessment BattentionCexpectation Dmention解析：选B参见上题解析。B项意为“关注”，符合语境。A项意为“评估”；C项意为“期望”；D项意为“提及”。8A.subjects BconceptsCtopics Dconcerns解析：选A根据该段第一句中的“subject”，并结合语境可知，该处指“正如大多数被普遍接受的学科”。A项意为“学科”，符合语境。B项意为“概念”；C项意为“话题”；D项意为“忧虑”。9A.provide BreceiveCshare Dlike解析：选D根据该句中的“history attracts people who simply _ the information and modes of thought involved”并结合语境可知，历史吸引了喜欢这些信息以及有相关思维方式的人。D项意为“喜欢”，符合语境。A项意为“提供”；B项意为“收到”；C项意为“分享”。10A.doubtful BworriedCthoughtful Dcertain解析：选A根据该句中的“why they should bother with it”可知，对于那些对这门学科不太感兴趣，而且对为什么要花费时间学这门学科有疑问的人来说，需要更清楚地解释学这门学科的目的。A项意为“怀疑的”，符合语境。B项意为“担心的”；C项意为“思考的，深思的”；D项意为“肯定的”。11A.Supporters BHistoriansCAudiences DTeachers解析：选B根据上文可知，文章主要是论述历史研究的，因此该处是在说明历史学家的特点，并引出对上述问题的解释。B项意为“历史学家”，符合语境。A项意为“支持者”；C项意为“观众”；D项意为“老师”。12A.public BmultipleCdifferent Duseful解析：选D根据该句中的“In a society that quite correctly expects education to serve _ purposes”，并结合该段尾句中的“History is in fact very useful”和常识可知，社会期望教育有作用。D项意为“有用的”，符合语境。A项意为“公共的”；B项意为“多种多样的”；C项意为“不同的”。13A.define BexpectCsatisfy Dignore解析：选A根据该句中的“historys functions can seem more difficult to _ than those of engineering or medicine”，并结合常识可知，历史学科的功能似乎比工程或医学学科的功能更难定义。A项意为“给下定义”，符合语境。B项意为“预期”；C项意为“满足”；D项意为“忽视”。14A.optional BattractiveCaccessible Dessential解析：选D根据该句中的“History is in fact very useful, actually _”，并结合语境可推知，空处和“very useful”对应，说明历史事实上是非常有用的，实际上是非常重要的。D项意为“极其重要的”，符合语境。A项意为“可选择的”；B项意为“吸引人的”；C项意为“可进入的”。15A.valuable BinterestingCinstructive Daccurate解析：选C根据该句中的“but the products of historical study are often less _ and immediate than those of other subjects”可知，历史研究的成果往往不如其他学科的成果更有教育意义和即时的效果。C项意为“有教育意义的”，符合语境。A项意为“有价值的”；B项意为“有趣的”；D项意为“精确的”。16A.imagine BbehaveCfight Dfade解析：选B根据下文所举的例子，并结合该句的内容可知，历史帮助我们了解人、社会以及他们是如何表现的。B项意为“表现”，符合语境。A项意为“想象”；C项意为“战斗”；D项意为“褪色”。17A.prevent BrememberCevaluate Ddeclare解析：选C根据空后一句并结合该句的内容可推知，如果不使用历史资料，我们如何评估过去的战争和未来的威胁呢？C项意为“评估”，符合语境。A项意为“阻止”；B项意为“记得”；D项意为“宣告”。18A.Consequently BAlternativelyCFortunately DAdmittedly解析：选A根据上文可知，社会运转的重要方面不能作为精确的实验来设置，并结合该句可知，因此，历史必须作为我们的实验室(laboratory)，帮助我们了解我们是谁、我们为什么要做我们所做的事情。A项意为“因此”，符合语境。B项意为“或者”；C项意为“幸运地”；D项意为“不可否认地”。19A.library BlaboratoryCclinic Dmuseum解析：选B参见上题解析。B项意为“实验室”，符合语境。A项意为“图书馆”；C项意为“诊所”；D项意为“博物馆”。20A.make up for Bgive in toCget close to Dstay away from解析：选D根据上文可知，历史帮助我们了解我们是谁、我们为什么要做我们所做的事情；据此可知，此处是说我们不能远离历史。D项意为“远离”，符合语境。A项意为“弥补”；B项意为“屈服于”；C项意为“接近”。B(2019苏、锡、常、镇模拟)Most people say “Im sorry” many times a day for a host of trivial (琐碎的) things.These apologies are easy and usually readily _1_， often with a response like, “No problem.” _2_， when “Im sorry” are the words needed to right truly hurtful words or acts, they can be the hardest ones to _3_.And even when an apology is offered with the best of intentions, it can be seriously _4_ by the way in which it is worded.A poorly worded apology can _5_ lasting anger and _6_ an important relationship.I admit to a lifetime of challenges when it comes to _7_， especially when I thought I was right or _8_.But I recently _9_ that the need for an apology is less about me than the person who is _10_ by something I said or did or failed to do.I also learned that a sincere apology can be extremely _11_ for the recipient (接受者) as well as the _12_.After learning that a neighbour who seemed _13_ due to my small errors, I wrote a _14_ and apologized for my _15_.I said I wasnt asking for _16_， merely hoping that we could have a harmonious _17_， and then delivered the letter with a jar of my homemade jam.Expecting nothing _18_， I was greatly relieved when my doorbell rang and the neighbour _19_ me for what I had said and done.I felt as if Id not only got rid of a(n) _20_ but made a new friend, which is indeed how it played out in the days that followed.语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。不找任何借口，带着诚意与尊重为自己的过失道歉，不仅会减少一个敌人，而且会多交一个朋友。1A.acceptedBfoundCproved Dremembered解析：选A根据该空后的“often with a response like, No problem.”可知，大多数人每天为各种微不足道的小事说许多次“对不起”，这些道歉容易做到，通常也易于被“接受(accepted)”。2A.Therefore BOtherwiseCHowever DBesides解析：选C根据上文中的“easy”与下文中的“hardest”的对比可知，该空前后两个句子之间是语义上的转折关系，故However符合语境。3A.say BgainCforget Dcontrol解析：选A根据该空前的“to right truly hurtful words or acts”可知，但是当“对不起”是为了弥补确实很伤人的话语或行为时，就会成为最难“说(say)”出口的话。4A.described BweakenedCrecorded Dtrusted解析：选B根据下文中的“poorly worded”与选项中的“weakened”近义词复现可知，即便你是本着最大的善意道歉，也有可能因为措辞不当而被“削弱(weakened)”。5A.depend on Blook onCtake in Dresult in解析：选D根据上文内容可知，措辞不当的道歉会“导致(result in)”持久的愤怒，也会“破坏(destroy)”一段重要的关系。6A.continue BmanageCjudge Ddestroy解析：选D参见上题解析。7A.lying BdreamingCapologizing Dpraising解析：选C根据空后“especially when I thought I was right”可知，作者承认“道歉(apologizing)”是人生的一个挑战，尤其是当他认为自己是对的，或被“误解(misunderstood)”时。8A.admired BworriedCmisunderstood Ddelighted解析：选C参见上题解析。其中right与misunderstood是并列关系。9A.discovered BexpectedCpromised Dfeared解析：选A根据“But”提示和该空前后语境转折可知，“that the need .failed to do”是作者最近“发现(discovered)”的道理。10A.moved BhurtCattracted Dcriticized解析：选B根据该空后的“by something I said or did or failed to do”可知，被自己所言、所行或未能做到的事“伤害(hurt)”到的人，更需要“我”的道歉。11A.simple BimpossibleCbeneficial Dinteresting解析：选C根据下一段的具体事例可知，真诚的道歉不论对接受者还是“给予者(giver)”而言，都是非常“有好处的(beneficial)”。12A.quitter BgiverClover Drescuer解析：选B参见上题解析。上文“recipient”和选项中的“giver”之间是反义词复现关系。13A.excited BpuzzledCembarrassed Dannoyed解析：选D根