软件工程实验1.云大.doc

云 南 大 学 软 件 学 院实验报告课程名称：软件工程 学期：2009年秋季学期 指导老师： 学号：姓名： 班级：软件工程 日期： 成绩：实验一 软件工程基础【实验目的和要求】1 了解软件工程基本概念2 掌握软件生命周期3 掌握各种软件过程模型4 掌握项目管理基本活动和过程5 掌握软件伦理相关概念实验内容 1 什么是软件工程？Software engineering is the application of a systematic, disciplined（守规则的）, quantifiable（定量的） approach to the development, operation, and maintenance of software, and the study of these approaches; that is, the application of engineering to software.( a b SWEBOK executive editors, Alain Abran, James W. Moore; editors, Pierre Bourque, Robert Dupuis. (2004). Pierre Bourque and Robert Dupuis. ed. Guide to the Software Engineering Body of Knowledge - 2004 Version. IEEE Computer Society. p.1-1. ISBN 0-7695-2330-7. .)Software engineering is an engineering discipline that is concerned with all aspects of software production.(Ian Sommerville ,Software Engineering, 8th edition, p6)2 什么是软件过程？A software process is a set of activities whose goal is the development or evolution of software product. (Ian Sommerville ,Software Engineering, 8th edition, p8)A software process is defined as a set of interrelated activities.An activity transforms inputs into outputs. An activity under a process is a set of cohesive内聚的 tasks. A task is expressed in the form of action.(ISO/IEC 12207)Software Process is Software too.( Osterweil 1997)A software development process is a structure imposed on the development of a software product. Synonyms也就是说 include software life cycle and software process.（From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia）3 什么是软件过程模型，具体包含哪些？Software process modelis a simplified representation of a software process that present one view of that precess. (Ian Sommerville ,Software Engineering, 8th edition, p8)Software process model is an abstract representation of a software process.Software process description is a detailed represention of a software process.(Tong Li, An Approach to Modelling Software Evolution Process,p10)The software process models include the informal, the semi-formal and the formal models. (Tong Li, An Approach to Modelling Software Evolution Process,p111)Idiographic Software process models : The waterfall modelEvolutionary developmentComponent-based software engineering4 软件工程成本包含那几部分？Roughly development costs ,testing costs.But distribution of costs depends on the development model that is used.For example:Waterfall model:Specification, Design, Development, Integration and testing.Iterative development:Specification, Iterative development, System testing.Component-based software engineering:Specification, Development, Integration and testing.For long-lifetime systems:System development, System evolution.5 软件伦理包含哪些内容。软件从业者必须具备哪些职业道德？ACM/IEEE Code of Ethics:PUBLIC Software engineers shall act consistently with the public interest.CLIENT AND EMPLOYER Software engineers shall act in a manner that is in the best interests of their client and employer consistent with the public interest.PRODUCT Software engineers shall ensure that their products and related modifications meet the highest professional standards possible.JUDGMENT （判断）Software engineers shall maintain integrity （正直、诚实）and independence in their professional judgment.MANAGEMENT Software engineering managers and leaders shall subscribe（签署） to and promote an ethical approach to the management of software development and maintenance维护.PROFESSION Software engineers shall advance（弘扬） the integrity and reputation of the profession consistent with the public interest.COLLEAGUES Software engineers shall be fair to and supportive of their colleagues.SELF Software engineers shall participate in lifelong learning regarding the practice of their profession and shall promote an ethical approach to the practice of the profession.6 软件生命周期包含那几部分组成？ 通常，将软件产品从提出、实现、使用维护到停止使用退役的过程称为软件生命周期。也就是说，软件产品从考虑其概念开始，到该软件产品不能使用为止的整个时期都属于软件生命周期。 软件生命周期的主要活动阶段为： a. 可行性研究和计划制定。确定待开发软件系统的开发目标和总的要求，给出它的功能、性能、可靠性以及接口等方面的可能方案，制定完成开发的实施计划。 b. 需求分析。对待开发软件提出的需求进行分析并给出详细定义，即准确地确定软件系统的功能。编写软件规格说明书及初步的用户手册，提交评审。 c. 软件设计。系统设计人员和程序设计人员应该在反复理解软件需求的基础上，给出软件的结构、模块的划分、功能的分配以及处理流程。 d. 软件实现。把软件设计转换成计算机可以接受的程序代码。即完成源程序的编码，编写用户手册、操作手册等面向用户的文档，编写单元测试计划。 e. 软件测试。在设计测试用例的基础上，检验软件的各个组成部分。编写测试分析报告。 f. 运行和维护。将已交付的软件投入运行，并在运行使用中不断地维护，根据新提出的需求进行必要而且