1形容词和副词.doc

商丘市一高20122013学年度上学期高三英语复习学案 语法专练形容词和副词 主编：孙梅 审核： 梁永峰 教研组长： 梁永峰 语 法班级： 学号： 姓名： 高三英语形容词和副词作为实词，形容词和副词分别表示人物和动作的特征。形容词修饰名词，一般在句中作定语、表语、补足语、状语等。副词修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子，在句中主要作状语，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。也可作表语、补足语。一、一般把形容词放在被修饰词之前。但在下列情况下，形容词放在被修饰词后面。1. 形容词作定语修饰由some-, any-, every-, no-,和-body, -thing,-one等构成的复合不定代词时， 需后置。There is nobody absent today.今天没有人缺席。Is there anything wrong with your car? 你的汽车出了什么毛病？2. else只能作后置定语，修饰疑问代词what、who、whom、whose和不定代词something、anything、 nothing、somebody、anybody、nobody等。Did anyone else come with James? 有别的人和詹姆斯一起来吗？3. 成对形容词构成的短语后置。People in the village, old and young, men and women, are fond of singing and dancing.这村子里的男女老少都喜爱歌舞。There was a huge room, simple and beautiful.有一个大房间，简单而美丽。She has many pencils, blue and red.她有许多铅笔，有红的和蓝的。4. 当“形容词+不定式”构成的短语作定语时，需后置。The teacher asked me a question too difficult to answer. 老师问了我一个难得无法回答的问题。A man so difficult to please must be hard to work with.一个如此难以取悦的人一定很难公事。Students brave enough to take the course deserve to succeed.5. 当old, long, high, wide, deep等词附有数量词短语作定语时，需后置。The Great Wall is over six thousand kilometers long. 长城有六千多千米长。二、只能作定语的形容词little, only, wooden, woolen, elder等以及复合形容词English-speaking, glass-stopped, kind-hearted, man-made, take-away等也只能作定语。He is a little boy. 但不可说The boy is little.Father Christmas is a kind-hearted man. 圣诞老人是一个心地善良的人。三、多个形容词作定语时的排列顺序当两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时，一般顺序为：限定词(冠词、物主代词、指示代词、不定代词)数词(序数词、基数词)描绘性形容词(nice，good等)特征形容词(大小、长短、高低、形状、年龄、新旧)颜色形容词国籍、来源物质材料用途、类别中心名词。为方便记忆，可用口诀：限定描绘大长高，形状年龄与新老；颜色国籍出材料，用途类别往后靠。a light blue silk skirt 一条浅蓝色丝裙some beautiful little red flowers一些美丽的小红花an old brown woolen carpet一件旧的棕色羊毛地毯all the ten strong young Chinese boy students十个年轻力壮的中国男留学生the first three fine big old English stone plantation house头三栋古旧而漂亮的英国农场大石头房子四、 作前置定语和后置定语意义不同的形容词英语中有些形容词既可以作前置定语，也可以作后置定语，但意义不同：前置定语后置定语present目前的，现在的出席的，出场的the present situation目前的形势the students present 在场的学生given特定的，指定的给予的a given time约定的时间the book given人家给的书concerned担心的，焦虑的有关的，负责的the concerned doctor心情焦急的医生the doctor concerned主管医生adopted收养的采纳的，被选择的my adopted daughter我收养的女儿the suggestion adopted被采纳的建议involved复杂的有牵连的an involved explanation一项复杂的说明all the people involved所用牵连的人known有名的已知的the best known film最有名的电影a singer known一位为人所知的歌手used旧的，用旧了的被用的a used car一辆旧车the book used被使用的书五、表语形容词有些形容词只能用作表语（补足语或后置定语，不可作前置定语），为表语形容词。这种形容词常见的有sure, well，ill, sorry, unable, worth以及以a开头的afraid, alike, awake, aware, ashamed, alone, alive, She was ashamed of having failed in the examination.(形容词作表语后接介词短语)Im not sure whether our team will win.(形容词作表语后接宾语从句)To my surprise, the driver is still alive after the traffic accident.令我惊讶的是，交通事故发生后，司机还活着。She was the only person awake that night.她是那天晚上唯一醒着的人。六、形容词作状语形容词作状语表示伴随或结果，并不表达动作的方式。He returned home.他回到了家，安然无恙。The goat rolled over, dead.山羊翻了个身，死了。He is standing there, full of fear.他站在那里，充满了恐惧。七、副词的分类 根据副词在句子中的功能和作用可以分为：（一）时间副词时间副词表示确定时间、时间单位、表示时间频率等。如：yesterday, last week, recently, then, sometimes等。（二）地点副词表示地点的副词和表示位置关系的副词统称为地点副词。常见的这类副词有：1表示地点：there, here, everywhere, nowhere, somewhere, anywhere, elsewhere, upstairs, downstairs等。2表示位置关系：down, up, above, below, out, in, back, along, over, round, around, across, away, near, off, on, inside, outside, past等。在表示位置关系的副词中，有些副词也可用作介词(如：above, over, beyond, around, below, down, up, in, along, near, off, on, past等)。这类词在没有宾语时就是副词，有宾语时就是介词。【注意】地点副词在句中的位置：(1)地点副词常放在动词后面，如是及物动词，一般放在宾语后面。如：Can you put her up somewhere tonight?(2)当地点副词和时间副词并列使用时，一般要把地点副词放在时间副词之前。如地点状语很长，也可放在时间状语后。如：It happened somewhere last week.（三）程度副词常见的有fairly, pretty, rather, quite, very, much, too, greatly, almost, nearly, half, highly, awfully, deeply, partly, perfectly, really等。可用来：(1)程度副词主要用来修饰形容词和副词，有的还可修饰比较级(如：much, rather等)和最高级(如：quite, much, almost等)。(2)有的程度副词(如：quite, rather, almost等)可修饰动词，但有的(如：fairly, pretty, very等)则不能修饰动词。(3)个别的程度副词(主要是quite和rather)还可修饰名词(但要注意词序)。如：Its quite/rather a good idea./Its a quite/rather good idea. (若此结构中没有形容词，则quite和rather则只能放在冠词之前。如：It was quite/rather a success.)（四）疑问副词疑问副词用来引导特殊疑问句，表示时间、地点、方式、原因等，常见的有when，where，how，why等。如：Why should you be so interested in my affairs?疑问副词可以与一些形容词或副词结合构成短语引导特殊疑问句，常见的有how old，how long，how soon，how often，how far等。（五）连接副词连接副词可分为两类，一类用于连接句子，常见的有therefore，besides，otherwise, however, moreover, still, thus, meanwhile等；另一类用于引导从句或与不定式连用，主要有when, why, where, how等。The rent is reasonable, and moreover, the location is perfect.Id like to know when theyll let him out.【注意】1）有的连接副词(如however)后通常有逗号，与句子的其他成分隔开。另外，有的还可位于句中或句末。2）连接副词why后不能接不定式，如可以说“I dont know why I must leave.(我不知道我为什么必须离开)”，但不能说“I dont know why to leave.”。（六）副词的位置1） 在实义动词之前。2） 在be动词、助动词之后。3） 多个动词时，副词一般放在第一个助动词或情态动词后。注意： a. 大多数方式副词位于句尾，但宾语过长，副词可以提前，以使句子平衡。例如：We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us.我们清楚地看到前面有奇怪的光。 b. 方式副词well，badly，hard等只放在句尾。例如：He speaks English well. 他英语说得好。七、副词的排列顺序：1）时间，地点副词，小单位的在前，大单位在后。2）方式副词，短的在前，长的在后，并用and或but等连词连接。例如： Please write slowly and carefully. 请写得慢一些，仔细一些3） 多个不同副词排列：程度+地点+方式+时间副词。注意：副词very 可以修饰形容词，但不能修饰动词。改错：（错）I very like English. （对）I like English very much.注意：副词enough要放在形容词的后面，形容词enough放在名词前后都可。例如： I dont know him well enough.我不熟悉他。 There is enough food for everyone to eat.有足够的食物供每个人吃。 There is food enough for everyone to eat.八、 以-ly结尾的形容词和副词1）大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但 friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，ugly，brotherly，仍为形容词。改错： （错）She sang lovely. （错）He spoke to me very friendly. （对）Her singing was lovely.（对）He spoke to me in a very friendly way.2）有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词，也为副词，如daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early等。 The Times is a weekly paper. 时代周刊为周刊。 The Times is published weekly.时代周刊每周发行一期。3） 兼有两种形式的副词在具体的物体运动、或具体可见的状况时，常使用不带ly的副词；反之，修饰抽象意义的动词常用以ly结尾的副词。1） close与closely close意思是近；closely 意思是仔细地。例如： He is sitting close to me. 他就坐在我边上。 Watch him closely. 盯着他。2） late 与latelylate意思是晚；lately 意思是最近。例如：You have come too late. 你来得太晚了。What have you been doing lately? 近来好吗？3） deep与deeplydeep意思是深，表示空间深度；deeply时常表示感情上的深度，深深地。例如：He pushed the stick deep into the mud.他把棍子深深插进泥里。Even father was deeply moved by the film.老爸也被电影深深打动了。4） high与highlyhigh表示空间高度；highly表示程度，相当于much。例如：The plane was flying high. 这架飞机飞得很高。 I think highly of your opinion. 你的看法很有道理。5） wide与widelywide表示空间宽度；widely意思是广泛地，在许多地方。例如：He opened the door wide. 他把门开得大大的。English is widely used in the world.英语在世界范围内广泛使用。6） free与freelyfree的意思是免费；freely 的意思是无限制地。例如：You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like.无论什么时候，我这饭铺免费对你开放。You may speak freely; say what you like.你可以畅所欲言，想说什么就说什么。九、 形容词和副词的比较等级 大多数形容词与副词都有原级、比较级、最高级三个比较等级。1原级(1)形容词、副词的as. as结构肯定句：asadj./adv.as; asadj.a/ann.as否定句：not so/asadj./adv.as; not as/soadj.a/ann.asSam is as rich as Alexander. Sam和Alexander一样有钱。He cannot run so/as fast as you. 他没你跑得快。 This is as good an example as the other is. 这个例子和另外一个一样好。I can carry as much paper as you can. 你能搬多少纸，我也能。(2）倍数词或其他程度副词做修饰语时，放在as之前。This room is twice as big as that one. 这房间的面积是那间的两倍。Your room is the same size as mine.你的房间和我的一样大。This bridge is three times as long as that one. 这座桥的长度是那座的三倍。(3)注意下列同级比较结构的特殊含义：as far as一直到(程度)We might go as far as the river bank.as long as和一样长，只要I think he can become a top singer，as long as he makes full use of his talents.as well as和一样好，也，还Jack speaks English as well as，if not better than，his sister.as. as one can/possible尽可能Seeing the tiger coming near，the monkey jumped onto the tree as fast as possible.2比较级(1)一般比较结构用“比较级than”，如果是多音节形容词或副词，用“more原级than或less原级than”结构。You are taller than I. 你比我高。They lights in your room are brighter than those in mine.你房间的那些灯比我房间里的亮。Your room is twice as large as mine. 你的房间是我的两倍大。Your room is twice the size of mine.(2)比较级前可以带修饰语，用于说明“好或坏”的不同程度，主要是一些副词和相当于副词的短语以及表示倍数的词或短语，如：even，much，rather，far，still, slightly，a little，a bit, a lot, a great deal，by far，twice，three times等。(3)特殊比较结构所表示的意义：含more的几个短语。more than“多于，不仅仅，不只”；no more than“只，仅仅，只是(only)”，后面接名词或数词；more. than.“与其说倒不如说”。如：Tom is wise enough to achieve his success.But in my opinion, he is more lucky than wise.would rather do sth. than do sth./prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.“宁愿不愿”。如：He would rather beg in the street than get money in such a dishonest way.the比较级，the比较级“越越”。该句型的前一个“the比较级”结构为从句，后一个“the比较级”结构为主句。如：The more the fans watched the football game，the more excited they became.比较级and比较级“越来越”；多音节形容词或副词则用“more and more原级”。As we were watching the football game，we were becoming more and more excited.(4)无比较级的情况表示“终极”意义或绝对概念的形容词或副词，如：absolute，blind，excellent, entire，full，perfect，round，whole，wrong等。本身具有“最”或“唯一”概念的形容词，如：only，unique等。有些程度副词，如：quite，rather，relatively，fairly，slightly等与形容词连用具有“比较”含义。3最高级(1)如果表示三者或三者以上的事物作比较，就应该用形容词或副词的最高级。在运用最高级的时候，往往用介词of或in短语来表示比较的范围。此外，最高级也可以被序数词或much，by far, nearly, by no means, almost等来修饰。如：Id like to buy the second most expensive camera.(2)用比较级表示最高级的结构比较级thanany other名词(单数)，如：Tom is taller than any other student in his class.比较级than(any of)the other名词(复数)，如：Tom is taller than(any of)the other students in his class.比较级thanall other名词(复数)，如：Tom does better than all other boys here.比较级thananyone(anybody, anything)else，如：Tom is taller than anyone else in his class.比较级than(any of)the others，如：Tom is taller than (any of )the others.【注意】含有never，nobody，no的句子中的比较级前使用不定冠词可表达最高级的意义，如：I have never heard a better voice.（3）使用比较等级易错点1 要避免重复使用比较级他比哥哥聪明。He is more cleverer than his brother.(F)He is clever than his brother.(T)2 要避免将主语含在比较对象中。中国比亚洲任何一个国家都大。China is larger than any country in Asia.(F)China is larger than any other country in Asia.(T)3比较对象必须是同类词，具有可比性。我们的国家比他们的国家更强大。Our country is more powerful than they.(F)Our country is more powerful than theirs.(T)4 要注意将主语包括在最高级的比较范围中。玛丽是她的三个同学中最聪明的一个。Marry is the cleverest of her two classmates.Mary is the cleverest of her three classmates.5 要注意冠词在比较级中的使用。她比她的两个妹妹个子高。She is taller than her two sisters.她是两个姐妹中个子高的。She is the taller of the two sisters.【走近高考】 1 Last night Mr. Crook didnt come back at the usual time. _, he met some friends and stayed out until midnight. （08湖南）A Meanwhile B. However C. Instead D. Yet 2 It is _ to spend money on preventing illnesses by promoting healthy living rather than spending it trying to make people _ after they are ill. （08江苏）A. good; goodB. well; betterC. better; betterD. better; good3 Would it be _ for you to pick me up at four oclock and take me to the airport?（08山东）A. freeB. vacantC. handyD. convenient4 If a person has not had enough sleep, his actions will give him_ during the day. （08江西）A. away B. upC. in D. back5 Jack is late again. It is_ of him to keep others waiting. （08江西）A. normal B. ordinaryC. common D. typical 6 It looks like the weather is changing for _. Shall we stick to our plan? （08辽宁）A. the worseB. worseC. the worstD. worst7 Please remain _; the winner of the prize will be announced soon. （08辽宁）A. seatingB. seatedC. to seatD. to be seated8 The house still needed a lot of work, but _the kitchen was finished.(08全国II)A. instead B. altogether C. at once D. at least9 Ten years ago the population of our village was_ that of theirs. （08陕西）A. as twice large as B. twice as large asC. twice as much as D. as twice much as 10 Although badly hurt in the accident, the driver was _able to make a phone call.(08四川) A. still B. even C. also D. ever11 A cough is usually nothing to worry about unless it lasts for ten days _.(08四川) A. or more B. instead C. at most D. only12 I like this jacket better than that one, but it costs almost three times_.（08浙江）A. as much B. as many C. so much D. so many13 There are plenty of jobs_ in the western part of the country. （08浙江）A. present B. available C. precious D. convenient14 Running a company is not _a matter of hiring people they also need to be trained.（08浙）A. simply B. partly C. seriously D. equally15 After the long journey, the three of them went back home, _.（08北京） A. hungry and tiredly B. hungry and tired C. hungrily and tiredly D. hungrily and tired16 In those days, our _concern was to provide people who were stopped by the snow storm with food and health care. （08湖北） A. normal B. constant C. permanent D. primary17 As he works in a remote area, he visits his parents only _.（08湖北） A. occasionallyB. anxiously C. practicallyD. urgently18 My brother is really_. He often works in his office far into the night. （08天津） A. open-minded B. hard-working C. self-confident D. warm-hearted19 In my view, Londons not as expensive in price as Tokyo but Tokyo is _in traffic.(08上海)A. the most organized B. more organizedC. soorganized asD. as organized as20 How much_ she looked without her glasses! （09全国）A. well B. goodC. best D. better21 It seems that living green is_ easy and affordable. A small step makes a big difference. Ks5u（09 福建）A. exactly B. fortunately C. surprisingly D. hardly Ks5u22 As there is less and less coal and oil, scientists are exploring new ways of making use of_ energy, such as sunlight, wind and water for power and fuel. （09湖北）A. primary B. alternative C. instant D. unique23 The questionnaire takes_ ten to fifteen minutes to complete and can be used along with the assessment interview. （09湖北）A. mainly B. punctually C. approximately D. precisely24 I can _be a teacher. Im not a very patient person. （09湖南）A. seldomB. everC. neverD. always25 Usually John would be late for meetings. But this time, _to my surprise, he arrived on time. （09辽宁）A little B much C ever D even26 Mary and I see each other_, but not as often as we used to. （09山东）A. sooner or later B. once in a while C. in the end D. more or less27 -Do you think its a good idea to make friends with your students? （09安徽）- _, I do. I think its a great idea. A. Really B. ObviouslyC. ActuallyD. Generally28 My uncle s house in the downtown area is much smaller than ours, but it is twice _expensive.（09四川）A. asB. soC. tooD. very29 The children loved their day trip, and they enjoyed the horse ride . （09全国） ks5u ks5uA. most B. more C. less D. little ks5u ks5u30 Im sure that your letter will get_ attention. They know youre waiting for the reply. A. continued B. immediate C. careful D. general ks5u ks5u（09全国）31 Its high time you had your hair cut ; its getting_ .（09全国） ks5u ks5u A. too much long B. much too long ks5u ks5uC. long too much D. too long much32 The incomes of skilled workers went up. _, unskilled workers saw their earnings fall.A Moreover B. Therefore C. Meanwhile D. Otherwise （09浙江）33 It took_ building supplies to construct these energy-saving houses. It took brains, too.（09浙 江）A other than B more than C rather than D less than34 John is very_if he promises to do something hell do it .（09浙江）A independent B confident C reliable D flexible35 In the good care of the nurses, the boy is_ recovering from his heart operation. （09浙江）A quietly B actually C practically D gradually36 Compared with his sister, Jerry is even more_ to, and more easily troubled by, emotional and relationship problems.（09江苏）A. skeptical B. addicted C. available D. sensitive 37 Im not surprised that he became a writer. Even as a child he had a_ imagination.（09天津）A. clearB. cautiousC. funnyD. vivid38 It was a nice house, but_ too small for a family of five.（09天津）A. rarely B. fairlyC. ratherD. pretty39 The island is _ attractive in spring and autumn because of the pleasant weather in both seasons. (10全国)A. partly B. merelyC. nearly D. equally 40 Mr. Black is very happy because the clothes made in his factory have never been . (10全国)A. popular B. more popularC. most popular D. the most popular41 In ancient times, people rarely travelled long distances and most farmers only travelled the local market. (10上海) A. longer than B. more thanC. as much as D. as far as42 The school was moved out of downtown as the number of students had grown too . ( 10四川)A. small B. fewC. 1arge D. many43 _, she is the sort of woman to spread sunshine to people through her smile. ( 10安徽)A. Shy and cautious B. sensitive and tough C. honest and confident D. lighthearted and optimistic44 Mothers holding jobs outside the home should have _ schedules to make it easier to care for their children. (10山东) A. hea