外经贸英语精班第34-36课件义-汉英经贸短文互译123.doc

外经贸英语精讲班第34讲课件讲义（环球职业教育在线） 外经贸英语精讲班第34讲讲义 汉译英概要（一） 一、汉译英概要（一） 1、 词的选择 （1）根据上下文正确理解原文的词义 词的正确选择首先取决于对原文词义的确切理解，而对原文词义的确切理解又取决于对原文上下文的推敲。 在这种情况下 under these/ such circumstances; such being the case; in accordance with this specific condidition 这种情况必须改变。 This state of affairs must change. 现在情况不同了。 Now things are different. 他们的情况怎么样？ How do matters stand with them? 前线有什么情况？ How is the situation at the front? 我们可能去那儿，那得看情况而定。 We may go there, but that depends/ it all depends. （2）注意词的搭配 定语和中心词的搭配 浓茶 strong tea 浓墨 thick/ dark ink 浓烟 dense smoke 动词和宾语的搭配 开车 to drive a car 开船 to set sail 开机器 to start a machine 一、汉译英概要（二） 2. 词的增补 通常增补词语是出于两方面的需要：为了保证译文语法结构的完整；为了保证译文意思的明确。 （1）要有把握，就要有准备，而且要有充分的准备。 To ensure success, one must be prepared, and fully prepared for that.（增加作主语的代词） （2）请原谅，打断你一下。 Excuse me for interrupting you.（增加作宾语的代词） （3）虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后。 Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind.（增加连词） （4）他不来，我不走。 I shall not go until he comes.（增加连词） （5）我们应当逐步消灭城乡差别。 We should gradually eliminate the differences between town and country.（增加介词） （6）你是白天上班还是夜间工作？ Do you work in the daytime or at night?（增加介词） （7）我们对问题要作全面的分析，才能解决得妥当。 We must make a comprehensive analysis of a problem before it can be properly solved.（增加冠词） （8）要提倡顾全大局。 We should advocate the spirit of taking the whole situation into consideration.（增加原文中暗含而无需明言的词语） 二、试题解析 VI. Translate the passages (10) B. From Chinese into English (5) 中国和英国在经济上和文化上多年来一直保持着友好的关系。我非常高兴地看到，自从我们两家公司10年前开始做生意以来，我们的贸易量越来越大。我相信，英国合作伙伴这次来访，必将进一步加深我们之间的相互了解，进一步巩固我们的合作关系。希望通过我们的共同努力，进一步扩大我们之间的贸易额，为发展中英贸易和商务合作做出更大的贡献。（2003年外经贸英语试题） 参考译文 China and Britain have long been enjoying good relations politically, economically and culturally. Im very pleased to see that the trading volume between us have become bigger and bigger since we started trading (doing business) with each other 10 years ago. And Im sure that the present visit of our British cooperative partners will strengthen the mutual understanding and cooperation. I hope that through our joint efforts, we will expand our turnover even further in order to make greater contribution to the development of Sino-UK trade and commercial cooperation. 1、与保持着友好的关系：have/ enjoy good/ friendly relation with sb. 2、第二句的句型应该是Im pleased to see that since 3、加深相互了解，巩固合作关系：strengthen the mutual understanding and cooperation 4、主要掌握几个短语： （1）通过我们的共同努力through our joint efforts （2）扩大我们之间的贸易额expand the turnover between us （3）做出更大的贡献make great contribution to （4）中英贸易和商务合作the development of Sino-UK and commercial cooperation 三、汉译英练习1 原文 1(P289) 中国矿产资源丰富，世界上已知的矿产在中国都已找到。目前，中国已经探明储量的矿产有155种，总储量居世界第三位。 China is rich in mineral resources, with deposits of every mineral known to man. To date, geologists have verified reserves of 155 minerals with total reserves ranking the third in the world. (1) rich in natural resources资源丰富；rich in experience富有经验 (2) deposit：存款；沉淀物；矿层 (3) verify：查对，核对；证明，证实 (4) reserve n.储以待用之物；保留地，保护区 (5) rank v.排列，归类于，如：ranked first in the class在班上名列前茅 外经贸英语精讲班第35讲课件讲义（环球职业教育在线） 外经贸英语精讲班第35讲讲义 汉英经贸短文互译（二） 汉译英练习4 原文4 海峡两岸经贸关系经过20多年的发展，逐步形成了互补互利、日益紧密的经贸合作格局。两岸贸易额从1981年的0.78亿美元，增长到2001年的278美元。20年间两岸贸易总额超过1,690亿美元。 参考译文 The economic and trade relations between the mainland and Taiwan have greatly improved in the past 20 years, and a structure of close cooperation and mutual benefit has formed. Annual trade volume between the two sides increased from US$ 78 million in 1981 to US$ 27.8 billion in 2001, and the past 20 years totaled as much as US$ 169 billion. Total v. amount to总计，如：The visitors to the exhibition totaled 15,000.展览会的参观者达一万五千人。 三、汉译英练习5 原文 5 我们要大力推进外贸体制改革，走集财化的道路，组建以外贸为成龙头的工贸、农贸、技贸相结合的企业集团，以增强企业的竞争力。必须优化传统的出口商品结构，靠价格和数量竞争的时代已一去不复返了，在当今激烈竞争的世界上，只有以质取胜和改善售前售后服务才能行得通。 参考译文 We must press forward with the reform in the management system of foreign trade. Conglomeration-forming allies with manufacturing, agricultural, and technological research and product development / with international trade as the economic drive-points the way towards the enhancing of market competitiveness. The traditional pattern of export products needs to be optimized. Gone are the days (when merchandise geared to price competition on mass market had its way) .Now, in the highly competitive world the concepts of “fine quality or else no export” and “good service before and after sales” should be the order of the day. 说明 1、press forward，如：Iranian President vows to press forward on reform.伊朗总统发誓要推进改革。 2、enhance: improve 如：The measures taken should considerably enhance the residents quality of life.采取的措施应该极大地提高居民的生活质量。 1、 have its way：大行其道；随心所欲 2、 the order of the day 头等大事，最重要的事 Just over a few years, this has been the order of the day in the advertising media industry.几年之前，这在广告媒体行业还是头等大事。 中国政府和媒体上有关经济改革和方针政策的概念比较新颖，而且出现频率高、数量大，相应的英语表达方式一时译无定法，这里也一言难尽。建议平日里抽空多看China daily ,Business Weekly ,国际商报等报刊和对外贸济经济合作部、国际商报等机构和媒体的相关网页，方能及时更新观念、了解新词，“与时俱进”。 汉泽英技巧的层面上，“走集团化的道路”与下句“组建以外贸为龙头的工贸、农贸 、技贸相结合的企业集团”相互指引，在译文中从上句分离出来，与“企业集团”融合构成了一对“核心词 ”属于比较高明的断句和重组。 “靠价格和数量竞争的时代已一去不复返了”一句，在译文中利用了英语的倒装结构，算译文“归化”的有益实践。 三、汉译英练习6 原文6 北京是中国政治、经济、文化的中心，是有一千多万人口的国际化大都市，/ 是最有潜力的轿车消费市场。/ 随着中国进入WTO，轿车消费已成为中国家庭的消费热点并不断升温，/ 在北京举办国际汽车展，不仅会受到消费者的热烈欢迎，产生强烈的社会反响，而且为参展企业带来良好的经济效益。 As Chinas political, economic and cultural center, Beijing is an international metropolitan with over 10 million residents. It is therefore （增加连词）a promising market with tremendous demand for passenger vehicles. With Chinas successful entry into the WTO, the family car has already become one of the top priority items for most of the Chinese population. An auto show in Beijing will prove quite popular among the consumers / and beneficial to participating carmakers in wonderful returns for their exhibition investment. 有关长句的译法，概括而言，无非是先行断句、截长为短，重新组织，以便重心突出，轻快流畅，简洁易懂。 外经贸英语精讲班第36讲课件讲义（环球职业教育在线） 外经贸英语精讲班第36讲讲义 汉英经贸短文互译（三） 原文7 经过数年来的建设和装点，王府井大街成了具有购物、餐饮、娱乐、旅游和展示博览功能的国际商业街，/她以悠久的历史，深厚的文化底蕴和现代化的商业文化设施闻名海内外，/以这样背景的商业街做展览场地，其影响力的展览效果是一般展馆所无法比拟的。 参考译文 After the construction and refurbishment in recent years, now Wangfujing Street has become a thoroughfare of bustling business with international dimensions, providing shopping, catering entertaining, tourist, showcasing and other service. Long renowned in China and overseas for its history and culture, now for the modern resources and facilities, Wangfujing will prove a show ground unrivalled in every sense. (It has long been famous/ well-known in China and overseas for its long history and splendid culture, and now for the modern resources and facilities. As a show ground, Wangfujing will prove unrivalled in every sense.) 说明 这个长句更有典型性，翻译道理同上，不再赘言。 “国际商业街”的说法似乎属于轻度的语言“时代病”症候，其中“国际”并无实义，故此未按原文词序译出；同时王府井的确名牌林立、洋货充斥所以换个方式予以体现先讲市井繁华后说万国气象；而且这么一来，译文显得洋气一些，地道多了。 “具有购物、餐饮、娱乐、旅游和展示博览功能”中的“具有功能”也是语言“时代病”的轻度发作，这次译文不予理睬，直奔主题，指出“购物、餐饮、娱乐、旅游的展示博览”都是王府井街上可以获 得的服务内容。 “她以悠匀的历史，深厚的文化底蕴和现代化的商业文化设施闻名海内外”一句，作为一个分句也够繁复的了，译文将“悠久的历史，深厚的文化底蕴”与“现代化商业文化设施”分而治之，并先以long 后以now 两个副词给予指引，共同作为主语Wangfujing 的出场铺垫，利用了英语的优势，原文的含义更为层次清楚，语意显豁。 “是一般展馆所无法比拟的”一句有点暴发户口气，译文予以屏蔽，仅以概括性的unrivalled in every sense 表明辄止。这是简化原文、但求神似的做法，非高手不宜冒动。 课本练习9 原文9 中国最近取消了对外商投资企业的“当地含量”、“外汇平衡”、“外销比例”三项硬性规定。/取消这三大政策壁垒是指外商设资企业到中国投资，不再需要中方资本占有相当的比例；中国政府将不再对外商投资企业进行使用外汇的限制；同时不再强制规定外商投资企业产品的外销比例。/这些政策条款是应WTO的相关条款而进行更改的。 参考译文 Recently the Chinese government abolished / cancelled three stipulations previously (forced /imposed on investing foreign companies). These regulations include “local proportion of investment”, “foreign exchange balance” and “proportion of selling products abroad”. The first cancellation of the “local proportion of investment” means/ refers to there are no more requirements for a certain proportion of Chinese holdings in a foreign-invested business. The second is that foreign invested companies are no longer restricted on the uses of foreign exchanges. And the third halt means that such businesses are no longer forcefully required to sell a certain proportion of the products (they manufacture in China) to markets beyond the border. The cancellation of the regulations, three of the allegedly main policy barriers, was conducted in accordance with the relevant articles of WTO documents. 说明 原文第一句在译文中处理成了两句且单独成一段，是分译的典型，值得仔细体会。 同一个“外商投资企业”出现了四次，但是译法不同。在第一句里是指“前来投资的外国企业”，所以译文采用现在分词作定语；在后面的三句里，均作“外商在华已经投资的企业”，语意重心是外企或其他合资企业，故而译文中使用过去分词短语作定语。 若能仔细对照原文与译文，你不用笔者多讲即能学到许多。倘若不细看，讲许多遍也可能没有什么作用。需要说明的是，第二句中“这三大政策壁垒”与末句的“这些政策条款”作了合并处理，而且手法高明。 末句“修改这些政策条款”语意不明，权且理解为上文“取消了对外商投资企业的三项硬性规定”和“取消这三大政策壁垒”的同义反复，好在无伤根本。 课本练习10 原文10 中国丝绸，历史悠久