现在分词学生讲义.doc

高中英语现在分词讲义现在分词概述 现在分词（Present Participle）(又称-ing形式、现在进行式) ，是分词的一种，它们都是非限定动词，即在句子里面不能单独充当谓语，但能充当其它的一些成分。如：主语 ，定语，表语，补语和状语），并且它们具有动词的性质，所以又是类动词的一种。现在分词的用法-ing分词具有动词的一些特征，可带自己的宾语或状语，从而一起构成动词ing 形式的短语。这个动词ing 形式短语具有名词、形容词及副词的性质，在句子中，可做句子的主语、宾语、宾语的补足语、表语、同位语、定语及状语等成分。作主语 Doing such things is foolish Learning English is useful.it作形式主语常用句型： It is no use doing It is no good doing It is useless doing It is worthwhile doing e.g It is no good reading in the sun. 在阳光下看书是不好的。 It is useless remembering words only. 只记单词是没有用的。作表语 His hobby is painting. = Painting is his hobby. The film is moving and interesting.作宾语 下列动词用-ing作宾语 口诀： 考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏。 禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。 consider，suggest/advise，look forward to，excuse/ pardon; admit , delay/put off , fancy(想象，设想); avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practise, deny, finish, enjoy, appreciate, forbid, image, risk, cant help, mind, allow, permit, escape e.g I advise waiting a few more days. 我建议再等几天。 I admit breaking the window. 我承认窗子是我打破的。 下列短语用ing作宾语： lead to 导致 cant help忍不住做 feel like想要 devoteto致力于 keep on继续 refer to 提到 stick to坚持做 object to反对 be worth 值得 contribute to 贡献 be/get used to习惯于 look forward to期望 get down to 开始认真处理/做 be sentenced to 被宣判 be opposed to 反对 pay attention to注意到 be attached to 附属于，喜欢 be adjusted to 适应 e.g Do you feel like going out for dinner with me tonight? Chinese people are looking forward to holding the 27th Olympic games. I am used to going to bed late and getting up late.some trouble problemfunpleasurea good time a hard time There is/are或 (in) doing something. I/we have harmhurryneeduse There is no (in) doing something. e.g There is nothing to prevent him to do so. 没有什么能阻止他这样做。 I have some difficulty in finding out when the train leaves.作宾语补足语下列动词可接-ing分词作宾语的补足语。(主要在感官动词和使役动词后)feel, hear, look at, listen to, notice, observe, sense, see, watch 等。 I heard her singing in the next door? 当时我听见她在隔壁唱歌吗？ I watched them playing volleyball on the playing ground. 我观看他们在操场上打排球。动词find, get, have, keep, leave, send，suggest可接-ing分词作宾语的补足语。如： I found the missing boy playing by the river. 我发现那个失踪的男孩在河边玩。 Dont have your guest standing there and ask him to sit down. 不要让客人站在那里, 请他入坐。作定语 The boy studying in the classroom is Tom =The boy who is studying in the classroom is Tom也有限定性与非限定性的区分。 His brother working as a teacher lives in London. = His brother who works as a teacher lives in London. (不止一个哥哥) His brother ，working as a teacher， lives in London. = His brother ，who works as a teacher ，lives in London. (只有一个哥哥)作状语 -ing在句子中做状语，表示谓语动词所发生的时间、原因、条件、让步、方式、伴随、目的和结果。 作时间状语V-ing 与谓语动词的时间关系V-ing 短语的含义V-ing的位置V-ing 所表示的动作刚一发生，谓语动词所表示的动作就立即发生，也可以用ing短语作状语。意为：当.的时候，可以转换成“on+V-ing”的结构放在句子前面常用的这类动词一般都是表示一个极短暂动作的动词： arrive close cook hear leave open return seeHearing the bad news,they couldnt help crying. 打听到这个不幸的消息的时候，他们不禁哭了起来。= When they heard the bad news,they couldnt help crying.= on hearing the news,they couldnt help crying.V-ing 与谓语动词的时间关系V-ing 短语的含义V-ing的位置V-ing 所表示的动作完成之后，谓语动词所表示的动作才发生，此时用ing的完成形式作状语。意为：在.之后，可以转换成“after+V-ing”的结构。放在句子前后都可以。 Having received his letter,I decided to write back. =After I had received his letter,I decided to write back. = After receiving his letter,I decided to write back. 收到信之后，我决定给他回信。作原因状语 Not recognizing the vioce , he refused to give the person his address.作方式状语 He went there riding his bike. 他骑单车去那里。作伴随状语 They came into the classroom,singing and laughing.作结果状语 He died, leaving his wife and children nothing but great debt. 作程度状语现在分词的否定式 动词ing的否定形式为：not +动词-ing I must apologize not letting you know ahead of time. 没有让您提前知道， 为此我很抱歉。 Not knowing where to go, she went to the police for help.动词ing短语 物主代词 +V-ing 名词所有格 +V-ing作主语 His being late made his teacher very angry. Toms being late made his teacher very angry. 动词ing如果不作主语，它的宾语可以是人称代词的宾格活名词 Do you mind Toms/Tom asking some question. Do you mind my/me leaving now?动词ing的时态现在 doing完成 having done 动词ing的语态 主动 被动现在 doing being done 完成 having done having been done 动名词主动表被动的三种类型在某些特殊结构中，动名词可以用主动形式表示被动意义，这主要见于以下几种情况：一、“需要”型在need, want, require doing/to be done几个表示“需要”的动词后，英语习惯上用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。如：He needs encouraging.=He needs to be encouraged 他需要被鼓励。二、“值得”型这类词比较典型的有三个，它们是(be) worth doing , be worthy to be done / of being done ,deserve, merit它们后面跟的动名词习惯上要用主动式表示被动意义，不能直接使用被动式。如：The film is worth seeing twice.这个片子值得看两遍。=The film is worthy to be seen twice.=The film is worthy of being seen twice.