新概念第二册 L69-L96.doc

Lesson 69 But not murder1. murder commit a murder murder sb assassinate v. 暗杀（政治宗教人物）murderer n. murder = spoil * She murdered the song / the whole work . 她的歌唱得太糟了/她毁了全部的工作 2. instruct(1) 指导 = teach sb a skill ,a school subject etcinstruct sb in driving / swimming Instructor / instruction(2) 吩咐，指示 give orders to sb instruct sb to do I instructed them to keep the door locked. 3. acquire (1) = gain sth by efforts esp. through a long period of time To acquire knowledge of history / math To acquire a degree To acquire a good habit (2) An acquired taste = thing that one learns to like gradually * Abstract art is an acquired taste . 4. confidence Self-confidence 5. examiner 考生 Examinee /candidate 6. suppose (1) = if Suppose you had a million pound , how would you spend it ?(2) = think / believe I suppose you are right . (3) *be supposed to do = be required to do , be expected to do We are supposed to be here before dark . 我们应在天黑前赶到那* (口) be supposed to do = be allowed to do You are not supposed to smoke here. 7. tap tap (on) sth She tapped him on the shoulder. Tap dance Turn off / on the tap (=faucet) 8. react How did he react to the news ? What is his reaction to the news? chemical reaction nuclear reaction 9. brake The brake of my bike failed Put on the brake 踩刹车 brake light 刹车灯(one of the red lights at the back of a motor vehicle, that light up when the brakes are used) Laziness acts as a brake to progress. 懒惰阻碍进步 10. pedal n. a pedal boat 脚踏船a loud / soft pedal 钢琴的强/弱音踏板 v pedal the bicycle pedal bin 11. mournful (1) mournful music A mournful look / smile (2) mourn v. mourn sbs death mourn for sb (3) mourning 丧服 黑色或暗色课文要点：1.I was being tested for a driving licence for the third time. 我第3次接受驾驶执照考试。 For:次数， 目的2.I had been asked to drive in heavy traffic and had done so successfully. 按照要求在车辆拥挤的路上驾驶，我圆满地完成了。 heavy在这里表示“大量的”、“多的”、“密集的”： Traffic is heavier on this road than on the other one. 这条路上的交通比另一条路上拥挤。 3.After having been instructed to drive out of town, I began to acquire confidence. 在接到把车开出城的指,令后，我开始有了信心。 After having been instructed to drive out of town： 动名词的完成被动 having been doneAfter I have been invited to a party, After having been invited to the party, I bought a new dress.(1) Instruct 表示 “指示” 时用instruct sb to do sth I instructed him to come to work earlier. 在表示 “指导、教” 时句型为instruct sb in sth They instructed me in the best ways of doing the job. (2) acquire通常表示通过努力“获得”、“学到（知识、技术、语言等）”，也可用来表示“养 成（习惯等）”： where did you acquire your English?He acquired a habit of smoking in campus. 4.Sure that I had passed, I was almost beginning to enjoy my test. 确信我已通过考试，所以我几乎开始喜欢起这次考试。 句首省略了分词being或feeling，在句中作状语(分词结构作状语)： Interested in the film, I watched it twice.由于对故事（情节）感兴趣，他两个小时就把那本书读完了。 5.The examiner must have been pleased with my performance, for he smiled and said,Just one more thing, Mr. Eames. Let us suppose that a child suddenly crosses the road in front of you. As soon as I tap on the window, you must stop within five feet. 主考人对我的驾驶想必是满意的， 因为他微笑着说：“埃姆斯先生，只剩1项了。让我们 假设一个小孩子突然在你前面穿过马路。我一敲车窗，你必须把车停在5英尺之内。” must have been表示对过去的事情进行猜测。 performance在这里表示“表现”、“表演”、“工作情况”等。（cf.第13课词汇学习）表示“对满意”时可以用be pleased with： They are pleased with his work. 他们对他的工作满意。 The manager isnt very pleased with his secretary. 经理对他的秘书不太满意。 Suppose用于假设一个条件或某种情况，几乎是if的同义词。动词要用现在时或过去时。如果用过去时，所假设的情况听起来可能性更小。 Lets suppose that we win the lottery, what will you do with the money? Suppose the world were flat. I suppose so= I think/believe soYou are supposed to be there. You are not supposed to do so.6.I continued driving and after some time, the examiner tapped loudly. 我继续往前开着。过了一会儿，主考人砰砰地敲了起来。 I tapped out a rhythm. Tap dance &lap danceTap water in Australia is drinkable.7.Though the sound could be heard clearly, it took me a long time to react. 虽然声音听得很清楚，但我过了好一会儿才作出反应。 What did he react to the news?What is his reaction to the news?8.I suddenly pressed the brake pedal hard and we were both thrown forward. 我突然用力踩紧刹车踏板，结果我俩的身体都向前冲去。 9.The examiner looked at me sadly. Mr. Eames, he said, in a mournful voice, you have just killed that child! 主考人伤心地看着我。“埃姆斯先生，”他以悲伤的声调说，“你刚刚把那个小孩压死了！” (1) in a voice 表示“以的声调”： He told them the news in a sad/ excited voice. 他用悲伤的激动的声调把这消息告诉了他们。 Mournful, sorrowful, grievousIn a + blue, depressing, gloomy, somber mood(2) kill & murde kill 是个笼统的动词，表示 “使(任何植物或生物) 死亡” The cold weather killed our tomato plants. murder 表示 “蓄意谋杀”，它的宾语只能是人： She was sent to prison for murdering her husband. 特殊难点 enjoy, entertain, & amuse a)enjoy 指从某种活动或事物中得到欢乐，宾语始终是活动或事物： I am almost beginning to enjoy my test. We enjoyed ourselves a the party. b)entertain “招待、款待,让人娱乐” He entertained everybody wit his tricks. c) amuse “逗笑，给娱乐”，比entertain更常用，两者的宾语都只能是人： The children were amused by the circus clown. The child can amuse himself for hours playing in the sand. Lesson 70 Red for danger1. bullfight bull ox cow buffalo cattle John Bull 英国别称Bullshit2. drunk adj./n. be drunk with success drink oneself drunk 不醉不归，喝到醉 3. wander 形近 wonder He was wandering about/around in the forest. 闲逛 She wanders in her speech . 她的发言杂乱无章 Weve wandered off/from the point somewhat. 离题 4. ring （Lesson 2）5. unaware aware be unaware / aware of the danger be aware that : I was not aware that he was ill. I suddenly became aware of him looking at me. 6. matodor=bullfighter 7. remark (Lesson41)8. apparently apparent = obvious It is apparent that he knows nothing about computer. 9. sensitive sense sensible 明智的(reasonable) It is very sensible of you to do that . sensitive be sensitive about/to sth He is very sensitive about / to his age . Dont ask that question. A sensitive personA sensitive skin 娇嫩易受伤的皮肤A sensitive question / issue : like religion ,politics etc. 10. criticism (Lesson 26)critic criticize critical Criticism makes you grow. -Kevin 11. charge (1) charge = rush forward and attack charge at sb/sth(2) charge The shopkeeper charged me $10 for a cup of coffee .(3) charge a battery charger n. 12. clumsily Clumsy skillful Elephants are clumsy animals . Tom is too clumsy to dance A clumsy cupboard / bed Clumsy shoes 笨重的鞋子 12. bow v./n. bow down to the Queen bow ones thanks 鞠躬致谢 make ones bown. bow arrow 13. safetysafe safety belt safety-first attitude 14. sympathetically (Lesson 24)sympathy = understanding and care for someone elses suffering:* I dont have much sympathy for her - I think shes brought her troubles on herself.sympathetic I am sympathetic about your trouble , since I had the same problem before. 课文要点1.During a bullfight, a drunk suddenly wandered into the middle of the ring. 在一次斗牛时，一个醉汉突然溜达到斗牛场中间。 2.The crowd began to shout, but the drunk was unaware of the danger. 人们开始大叫起来，但醉汉却没有意识到危险。 be unaware of 不知道，没有察觉 I was unaware/unconscious/ aware/ conscious of the importance/ how important it is. With the awareness that I was born a teacher, I tried my utmost to realize the dream.3.The bull was busy with the matador at the time, but it suddenly caught sight of the drunk who was shouting rude remarks and waving a red cap. 当时那公 牛正忙于对付斗牛士，但突然它看见了醉汉，只见他正大声说着粗鲁的话，手里挥动着一顶红帽子。 (1) be busy with sth/sb, be busy doing sth (2) catch sight of是个固定短语，意为“看见”、“发现”=saw, noticed 4.Apparently sensitive to criticism, the bull forgot all about the matador and charged at the drunk. 对挑衅显然非常敏感的公牛完全撇开斗牛士，直奔醉汉而来。 Apparently( being) sensitive to criticismTired of sleeping on the floor5.The crowd suddenly grew quiet. The drunk, however, seemed quite sure of himself. 观众突然静了下来，可这醉汉像是很有把握似的。 be/ feel sure of oneself 表示“有信心”=be confident of doing sth e.g. You should be sure of yourself before the interview.You should be confident of getting through the interview. 6.When the bull got close to him, he clumsily stepped aside to let it pass. 当公牛逼近他时，他踉跄地往旁边一闪，牛扑空了。 7.The crowd broke into cheers and the drunk bowed. 观众欢呼起来，醉汉向人们鞠躬致谢。 break into=burst out 的含义之一是“突然发出做出”、“突然起来”，有控制不住的含义, 后跟名词而不是动名词： Everyone broke into/ burst out laughter when he made a tough slip.Aware of the failure, he burst out crying/ broke into tears.8.By this time, however, three men had come into the ring and they quickly dragged the drunk to safety. 然而，此时已有3个人进入斗牛场，迅速把醉汉拉到安全的地方。Safety belts, If there is fire, run to the safety as soon as you can.Safe(adj.)as safe as house万无一失的，绝对保险的on the safe side不冒任何风险的play it safe不冒险，求稳drag 通常表示拖非常沉重的东西，动作需要用力，暗示有某种阻力、摩擦等： e.g. He dragged the heavy luggage into the room.9.Even the bull seemed to feel sorry for him, /for it looked on sympathetically /until the drunk was out of the way/ before once more turning its attention to the matador. 好像连牛也在为他感到遗憾，因为它一直同情地看着醉汉，直到他的背影消逝，才重新将注意力转向斗牛士。 for引导的句子与它前面的分句为并列句。for引导的分句中有两个时间状语，一是until引导的从句，二是before引导的动名词短语，其作用也相当于一个从句，由于主语相同，用动名词形式更简洁些。 (1) be sorry for sb. Be sorry for doing sth. Be sorry to do sth I am sorry for what I have done to youI am sorry to tell you the bad news (2) look on可以表示“观看”、“旁观”： Mary people just looked on while the two men robbed a woman. (3) out of the way为固定短语，可以表示“不挡道”、“不碍事”： While making meat pies, I always order the children to keep out of the way. 我做肉馅饼时，总是命令孩子们不要碍事。 Lesson 71 A famous clock 一个著名的大钟Parliament the Houses of Parliament,国会大厦。由于英国议会是由上议院（House of Lords）和下议院（House of Commons）组成的，所 以Houses为复数形式。 Erect(vt.) The skyscraper was erected at the cost of $10,000.The Qin dynasty was erected in BC.221.Set up, put up : The tent has been erected/ set up/ put upAccurateAn accurate watch. Is your watch accurate?The two standards for good English are fluency and accuracy.Check(n.) cheque (BE) check book(v)I check the list to see that no one has been left out.I went to check up the time of the train.Why you always checked on where I went and what I did.Check the car over before it left.1.When you visit London, one of the first things you will see is Big Ben, the famous clock which can be heard all over the world on the B. B. C. 当你游览伦敦时，首先看到的东西之一就是“大本”钟，即那座从英国广播公司的广播中 全世界都可以听到它的声音的著名大钟。the famous clock which can be heard all over the world on the B. B. C. Big Ben同位语， BBC. 2.If the Houses of Parliament had not been burned down in1834, the great clock would never have been erected. 如果不是国会大厦在1834年被焚毁的话，这座大钟永远也不会建造。 （1） 这句话用的是虚拟语气，表示与过去的事实 相反的一种假设。（2） burn down “（使）烧成平地”、“烧毁”： The tower was burned down in 911.3.Big Ben takes its name from sir Benjamin Hall who was responsible for the making of the clock when the new Houses of Parliament were being built. “大本”钟得名于本杰明霍尔爵士，因为当建造新的国会大厦时，他负责建造大钟。 （1）Sir用于英国人的全名（或名字）之前时表示“爵士”（不单独用 于姓之前），如 Sir Benjamin Hall, Sir Benjamin（2）responsible for表示“对需负责任承担责任的”： Who is responsible for the bankrupt? I am responsible for the class. （3） was responsible for the making of the clock 也可以说was responsible for making the clock; 4.It is not only of immense size, but is extremely accurate as well. 此钟不仅外型庞大，而且走时也非常准确。 be of表示人或物的特征： We are of the same age. Your help is of great importance. 5.Officials from Greenwich Observatory have the clock checked twice a day. 格林尼治天文台的官员们每天两次派人矫正此钟。 have the clock checked6.On the B. B. C. you can hear the clock when it is actually striking because microphones are connected to the clock tower. 当大钟打点的时候，你可以从英国广播公司的广播中听到，因为钟塔上接了麦克风。 Be connected to: 7.Big Ben has rarely gone wrong. Once, however, it failed to give the correct time. “大本”钟很少出差错。然而有一次，它却把时间报错了。 go wrong为固定短语，其含义之一是“（机器等）发生故障”、“出毛病”： My watch has gone wrong, it is not accurate. Something has gone wrong with my laptop.8.A painter who had been working on the tower hung a pot of paint on one of the hands and slowed it down! 在钟塔上干活的一位油漆工把一只油漆桶挂在了一根指针上，把钟弄慢了！ Slow down为固定短语（可分开使用），其含义之一为“（使）慢下来减速”： You should slow the car down when driving in rushing hours.Please slow down your speed.Special Difficulites 难点 (1)Official, Employee, Shop assistant a)official 指任何在政府部门工作的人，即 “公职人员、官员”，也称civil servants: Two important government officials were arrested yesterday. 两名重要政府政府官员昨天被逮捕。 b) employee指任何被雇来干固定工作的人，即 “雇员、雇用工人”： Government employees went on strike. 政府雇员开始罢工了。 c) shop assisant 指那些在商店里招待顾客的人，即 “店员，售货员”，但美国英语中经常使用a sales clerk.： She works as a shop-assistant in a clothing store. She is a sales clerk (AmE ) in the supermarket. 72 课自学课文lesson 73 The record-holder 纪录保持者unimaginativeimagine imagination, imaginary=fantasticimagine it! I can not imagine meeting you here.Imagination. Never lose my passion. Its on my way, on my way ShameWhat a shame=what a pityHe has no shameHe has put all of us to shame.It is shameful to spit in the public.Hitchhike=hitch+hikeAs a backpacker, I hitchhike to my places in Australia.The couple got hitched in Las Vegas.Think twice before saying yes when a man ask you to get hitched.Border& frontierThey lived on the French-Spanish border/ frontierFrench borders Spain.EvadeEvade school/ arrest/ responsibility1Children who play truant from school are unimaginative. (1)主句：Children are unimaginative. 而who play truant from school是做了Children的定语. (2)play truant ,play hooky, (3)unimaginative 2. A quiet days fishing, or eight hours in a cinema seeing the same film over and over again, is usually as far as they get. (1) 注意谓语是is,他的前面是连个并列的短语作主语，一个是A quiet days fishing，一个是eight hours in a cinema，后面的seeing the same film over and over again, 现在分词短语作定语修饰 (2)系动词is后面的成分是表语。这里有一个短语as far as, 到.程度， This is as far as we go. As far as I know，As far as I am concerned,美美地睡一个上午，或者仅仅是在阳光下看5个小时我最喜爱的书，就是我现在所能想象到最好的放松方式。A whole mornings sweet sleep or five hours in the sun reading my favorite book is the best relaxation as far as I can imagine.3. they have all been put to shame by a boy who, while playing truant, traveled 1,600 miles.put to shame,使某人感到惭愧。那么课本上的句子就可以写成：A boy has put them to shame.定于从句。来修饰这个男孩who, while playing truant, travelled 1,600 miles.他在逃学过程中旅行了1600英里。while playing truant,分词作状语，提前。 4.He hitchhiked to Dover and towards evening, went into a boat to find somewhere to sleep. towards eveningto find somewhere to sleep. 5. When he woke up next morning, he discovered that the boat had, in the meantime, traveled to Calais.in the meantime=during that time, meanwhile状语，在这个期间 5. No one noticed the boy as he crept off. creep off=creep out of the boat. creep in,偷偷混进 :When people are all sleeping, the thief crept in.当6.The driver gave him a few biscuits and a cup of coffee and left him just outside the city. (1)outside the city=in the suburbs=on the outskirts of the city在郊区 (2)leave sb. somewhere. He just left me alone in the haunted house.7.The next car the boy stopped did not take him into the centre of Paris as he hoped it would, but to Perpignan on the French- Spanish border. 主干The next car did not take him into the centre of Paris, but to Perpignan(1)as 翻译为“像.那样”，引导一个方式状语从句。 8. There he was picked up by a policeman and sent back to England by the local authorities. pick up:在文中的意思是被发现之后逮捕！ I will pick you up after work. Where did you pick up the tricks? I picked up a box with gold in it. 9. He has set up a record for the thousands of children who dream of evading school. (1)set up a record 创造纪录 lesson 74 Out of the limelight 舞台之外1.out of the limelight.舞台之外 (1)limelight 聚光灯; 水银灯; 众人注目的中心,这里引申为舞台。 She has been the limelight in our group.She is fond of the limelightShe steal the limelight to be the center of attention on the stage.(2)lime：石灰 2. a party of,a group of, a crowd of, a horde of 一群 看短语的用法，要考虑其后面的介词本身的含义 Out: 出去 get out 出去 on: 在某个方面 get on with sb. (和某人)进展，继续 off: 脱离，剥离 get off 逃脱，取下来 over: 结束，完成 get over 恢复，结束 through: 通过，完成 get through 通过，完成 3.Dressed in dark glasses and old clothes, they had taken special precautions so that no one should recognize them.Dressed in dark glasses and old clothes 伴随状语they had taken special precautions so that no one should recognize them.目的状语从句precaution=pre+cautionwe should take safety precaution before climbing the snow mountain.take special precautions 特别小心提防 precaution:预防, 警惕, 防范 caution:小心, 谨慎, 警告 4.But as they soon discovered , disguise can sometimes be too perfect. Care can sometimes be too heavy as the saying goes “ care killed a cat”5. It couldnt be better. =It is the most wonderful place for a picnic. It could not be worseNothing could have been more annoying= It could not be more annoying.I couldnt agree more. 5. No newspaper men, no film fans! 这是个省略句，完整的句子为：There, are no newspaper men and no film fans! 6. No camping-in case you cant read! (1) 公共标语通常字数很少，语言精练。在表示“禁止”时往往 用 no+名词动名词或名词短语，如： No Camping（禁止野营）， No smoking（禁止吸烟）， No Parking（禁止停车）， No Left Turn （禁止左转弯）。在真正的公告牌上，这些标语往往全部用大写 字母，不加标点，如 NO SMOKING等。 Keep off the grassPhotography not permitted. Do not feed7.Why dont we come more often?=why not come more often? (1)Why not？ 是一个很有用的日常用语，它是一个省略句。例如：-Do you usually go camping?-No, we dont.-Why not?(2)Why not?更常见的用法是用作说话人向对方提出一个建议，意思是何不？它仍然是一个省略形式的问句，这里