北师大英语必修一必修二.doc

一 重点单词1. reduce (vt.) 减少，缩减，约束，限制，使降级，降职eg. They reduced the prices by 20%. You had better go and buy something in a hurry . The expenses have been reduced to 1000 yuan .【知识拓展】 reduceto 把降低/减少到了 reduceby 把 降低了/减少了 reduction (n.)减少，缩小，减价，折扣 reduce 的反义词是 increase 【学以致用】 -The cars in the street give off a lot of waste gases. -Yes . Something must be done to the air pollution. A. remove B. increase C. collect D. reduce 2. distance (n.) 距离 distant (adj.)eg. It is a long distance from Newyork to Hong Kong . They saw a few houses in the distance. The picture looks better at a distance . I would keep my distance from that dog , if I were you !【知识拓展】at /from a distance 在远处 in the distance 在远处 keep ones distance 保持一定距离【学以致用】His father advised her to keep from that fellow .A. away B. distance C. / D. out 3. equal (vt.) 等于，与相等； （n）和自己相当的人或事物Eg. Two and two equals four . We consider oueselves equals.【知识拓展】 be equal to sth./doing sth. 等于某事物，能胜任某事物 be equal with 与平等【学以致用】 In my opinion , no search engine can Baidu in search scope and speed .A. compete B. equal C. win D. suit 4. amazing (adj.) 令人吃惊的，令人惊讶的Eg. The new car is running at an amazing speed .【知识拓展】 amazed 吃惊的，惊讶的，指人的感受，主语多为人。 be amazed at/by 对感到惊奇 be amazed to do 因做而大感惊讶 be amazed + that 从句 因而大感惊讶【学以致用】All the members of the foreign delegation were at the change of our country.A. amazing , amazed B. amazed , amazed C. amazing , amazing D. amazed , amazing 5. confident (adj.) 确信的，有信心的，自信的 （+of/that ）Eg. He is quite confident that he will pass the examination. / He is confident of passing the examination.【知识拓展】 confidence (n.) 信任，确信，自信 be confident of = be sure/certain of 确信 be confident that = be sure/certain that 确信 be confident in = have confidence in 对有自信，对充满信心 Be confident in yourself and your dream will come true .【学以致用】1. -Mary looks rather of getting the job. -Of course . After all , she has made good preparations for the interview. A. nervous B. excited C. uncertain D. confident2. No matter what difficulty he faces , he never loses in life .A. confidence B. his heart C. thought D. chance 6. quality (n.) 质量，优质，特质，品质【知识拓展】 quality (v) 使合格，修饰 qualification (n.) 资格 qualified (adj.) 有资格的，合格的 quantity (n.) 数量，数目 quantify (v.) 测定，以数量表示 of low/poor quality 质量差的 of real/good/high quality 质量好的，优秀的 a large quantity of = quantities of +可数名词复数/不可数名词， 表示许多，大量【学以致用】 1. This kind of metals is good quality .A. of B. in C. at D. with 2. Large quantities of coal away by train.A. have been carried B. has been carried C. have carried D. has carried 3. He is not to teach young children .A. quality B. qualifying C. qualified D. quantified 7. contribute (vt./vi.) 捐献，贡献，捐助，投稿Eg. The old man contributed half of his savings to the Project Hope . All these things contributed to our success . He has contributed to the magazine for several years .【知识拓展】 contribution (n.) 捐献，贡献，投稿 make a contribution to 捐赠，做出贡献【学以致用】1. As is known ,fresh air health.A. contributes B. contributes to C. helps D. affects 2. Its said that driving after drinking thousands of traffic accidentsevery year .A. results from B. contributes to C. devotes to D. lies in 8. apply (vt./vi.) 申请，应用，适用Eg. We advertised three jobs and over 50 people applied. I have applied for a scholarship.Why dont you apply to join the free service ？ The discount no longer applies to him because he is over eighteen.【知识拓展】 apply 作向某人或某公司申请解时， 后面跟to ；如果申请某个工作或职位，用for .be applied to 适用于，应用于，施加于；用来表示， 与接触apply for 申请，请求，接洽 apply oneself to 致力于，集中精力做某事apply sth. to 把应用于 apply to 关系到，牵涉到，适用于，运用于，向询问，与接洽applied (adj.) 应用的，实用的 application (n.) 请求，申请，申请表， 应用，应用程序，应用软件applicative (adj.) 适用的 applicatively (adv.) 适用地【学以致用】 The questions on this part of the form only married man .A. appeal to B. apply to C. refer to D. stick to 9.ruin (vt.) 毁坏 ；(n.) 毁灭，崩溃Eg. The storm ruined the crops. That war led to the ruin of the empire. The builing is in ruins .【辨析】 damage , destroy , ruin 【学以致用】1. She poured water all over my painting and it .A. ruined in B. ruined on C. ruined with D. ruined 2. He was lucy in the accident , but his car I sunder repair .A. destroyed B. damaged C. ruined D. hurt 3. Though the flood did great to the crops, farmers still won a good havest .A. hurt B. ruin C. damage D. injury 二重点短语。1. take up 拿起，举起，抬起，对有兴趣，从事；占据（时间，空间），占用Eg. Ill try not to take up too much of your time .【知识拓展】take off （飞机）起飞，脱掉（衣物） take on 受欢迎，开始显现，雇佣，呈现take sth. over (from sb. ) 从某人哪里接管，接受 take for granted 认为理所当然，理当如此take sth. back 收回，撤销 take place 举行，举办，发生 take part in 参加take the place of 代替 take sb./sth. by mistake 错拿某物，错认某人【学以致用】1. She started English teaching after she graduated from Shandong University.A. taking on B. taking to C. to take up D. to take over 2. My interest in surfing on the Internet has most of my spare time , but it has rapaid me a great deal of enjoyment. A. taken off B. taken down C. taken up D. taken away 2. be bored with 厌烦 Eg. He was bored with the snake , because he was afraid of it . 【知识拓展】bore (n.) 令人厌烦的人或事物； (v.) 使感到厌烦 bored (adj.) 感到厌烦的boring (adj.) 令人厌烦的 bore sb. to death 令某人极度厌烦【学以致用】 Mr. Smith , of the speech ,started to read a novel . A. tired ,boring B. tiring , bored C. tired ,bored D. tiring ,boring 3. get changed 更换衣物get 可以起be 的作用， 构成被动结构，在这种结构中，get被称为助动词，该结构主要用于：1. 指突然地，偶然的，意外的事情；2. 表示本身的行为而不是被动的行为；3. 说话者强调动作。【知识拓展】get/be hurt 受伤 get/be married 结婚 get/be burnt 烧伤，晒黑get/be killed 被杀 get/be dressed 穿上衣服 get paid 被付工资，取得报酬get/be separated from 和某人分离 get/be lost 迷失，迷路 get/be known to/by 为某人所知【学以致用】 1. Cleaning women in big cities get by the hour. A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay 2. Sarah , hurry up , Im afraid you wont have time to before the party .A. get changed B. get change C. get changing D. get to change 4. come to 达到某种状态；涉及，谈及；到达；总共，总计eg. Youll come to understand her heart soon . When it comes to German , I know nothing . The bill came to $20.【知识拓展】 come to 表示达到某种状态，其后接动词原形，表示一个渐进的过程，通常与know , understand , love , like 等连用，表示动态意义。【学以致用】 Most of us know we should cut down on fat , but knowing such things isnt much help when it shopping and eating .A. refers to B. speaks of C. focuses on D. comes to 5. far too 太【知识拓展】far too =rather too = much too 后接形容词，副词原形too far 太远 far from 远远不是 so far 到目前为止 as far as 和一样远，远至(not) so far as (否定) 和一样远，远至 as/so far as I know 据我所知as/so far as concerned 就而言 by far 多（表程度，用于比较级，最高级前，far 只用于比较级前）【学以致用】1. -When he has done is satisfactory . -No wonder the boss was angery with him .A. too far B. far too C. far from D. by far 2. I can see , this is the only possible way to keep away from the danger. A. As long as B. As far as C. Just as D. Even if 6. carry out 进行，开展，执行，完成carry out 可以构成下列搭配：carry out a plan ( a promise ,an order , an experiment , instructions , scientific research)eg. Finally they found the best way to carry out the rescue. By the end of last month , our factory had carried out its production plan for this year .【知识拓展】carry on 继续进行，经营 carry away 拿走，搬走，抢走，冲走，使死亡carry off 赢得（奖章等），轻而易举或成功的完成或处理。【学以致用】Working all on my own , I had some difficulty the plan .A. carrying out B. carrying on C. carry off D. to carry out 7.depend on 根据，依据， 取决于，依靠，信赖eg. He was the sort of person you could depend on . Im depending on you to get this done . 【知识拓展】1. depend on 和depend upon 是同义短语，可互换。2. 口语中经常使用It /That all depends . 要看情况而定【学以致用】 Im planing to hold a party in the open air , but I can make no guarantees because it the weather .A. links with B. depends on C. connects to D. decides on 8. burn down 烧毁，把烧成平地，火力减弱 该短语为副词短语，在句中主动语态和被动语态均可使用，但被动语态更常见；还可分开使用，尤指建筑物，城镇，村庄的烧毁。eg. His house (was )burnt down . The big fire burnt down not only many trees but also many houses in the village .【知识拓展】 burn away 烧完，燃尽 burn up 烧掉，消耗， 烧得旺起来burn to the ground 烧成废墟 burn to ash 烧成灰烬 burn out 烧得精光【易混辨析】 burn down 与 burn up burn down 多指建筑物被烧毁。 burn up 多指东西被烧掉，也指烧的程度重，被完全烧毁。【学以致用】 She was so angry that she all her letters and broke off their relationship .A. burnt up B. burnt down C. burnt to the ground D. burnt to 三重点句型。1. Breathing exercises can help reduce stress. help 后接不定式作宾语补足语时，既可以带to ，也可以省略to .【知识拓展】 省略to 的动词不定式常在下列动词之后做宾语补足语：1.感官动词：see , look at , observe , watch , notice , hear , listen to , feel 2. 使役动词：make , let , have 【注意】 1. 当感官动词和使役动词用于被动结构时,要用带to 的不定式作主语补足语。 2. get sb. to do sth. 和leave sb. to do sth. 中都要带to .3. cant help 表示忍不住，情不自禁, 后接动名词，表示不能帮助，后接待to 或省略to 的不定式。【学以致用】1. While shopping , people sometimes cant help into buying something they dont really need.A. to persuade B. persuading C. being persuaded D. be persuaded 2. She cant help the house because she is busy making a cake .A. to clean B. cleaning C. cleaned D. being cleaned 2. What kind of lifestyle do you think the people have ?【知识拓展】本句用到的句型为：特殊疑问词+do you think / believe /imagine +其他。由于插入语的一般疑问句已经采用了疑问语序，故它后边的部分须用正常的陈述语序，这种结构被称为双重疑问句。常用于这种结构的动词有：think , guess, suggest , suppose, hope , say, believe , imagine 等。eg. What do you think has happened ? Who do you suppose would believe that story ?【学以致用】 be sent to work in the new department?A. Who do you suggest B. Who do you suggest that should C. Do you suggest who should D. Do you suggest whom should 3. In 1849, she became the first woman ever to receive a medical degree in the USA. 本句中to receive a medical degree 是 the first woman 的后置定语。对于序数词来说，要用不定式作后置定语。eg. He is the first to come . She is the last to leave. 【学以致用】-The last one pays the meal . -Agreed!A. arrived B. arrives C. to arrive D. arriving 4.They have already expressed a keen interest in working in design after their tennis careers come to an end. 句中after 引导的时间状语从句，express an interest in 对 表现出兴趣， come to an end 结束;第二个in 表示在某个方面。【知识拓展】1. 和interest 有关的短语：Take (an) interest in = have interest in 对感兴趣 lose interest in 对失去兴趣out of interest 出于好奇 in the public interest 为了公共利益2. 和end 有关的短语：put an end to 使 停止， 结束 bring to an end 使 结束，终结 at the end of 在结束时by the end of 在 末为止 in the end 最后，终于 there is no end to 没有终了，无穷end in 以 结果 end up 结束 end up with 以 结束3. 和come 有关的短语：come to a conclusion 得出结论 come to a decision 做出决议 come to an agreement 达成协议come to a stop 停止 come to light 真相大白 when it comes to 当谈到 come to life/oneself 苏醒过来 come to power 掌权【学以致用】 The children showed great interest in his fathers action and watched him shaving with look.A. a , an interested B. / , an interesting C. a , interested D. / , interesting 5. It is / was +过去分词+that 从句It was believed that some mearsures (should ) be taken to stop pollution .【知识拓展】It is /was said that 据说 It is /was reported that 据报道 It is /was believed that 据信 It is / was thought /supposed that 人们认为It is /was hoped that 人们希望 It is / was judged that 据判断It is /was proved that 据证实 It is / was proposed that 人们建议eg. It is agreed that the meeting should be held this Sunday . It is hoped that the wounded policeman will come to himself at once . 【注意】该句型常为It is said /hoped / thought / supposed / known / reported / announced / decided / suggested / believed / that 等， 该句型常可以转换成含有宾语从句的复合句或者含有不定式作主语补足语的简单句。eg. It is said that Tom has come back from abroad . = People say that Tom has come back from abroad . / Tom is said to have come back from abroad . 【学以致用】 1. -Is Bob still performing ? -Im afraid not . He is said the stage already as he has become an official. A. to have left B.to leave C. to have been left D. to be left 2. It that everyone in our country will live a happy life . A. hopes B. hoped C. is hoped D. will hope 6. My sister , Alison , and I sat down in front of the fire and wrote a letter to Father Christmas telling him about all the presents we wanted. sat 和 wrote 是并列谓语动词，telling him about all the presents we wanted 是现在分词短语作伴随状语，表示和谓语动词wrote 同时发生。eg. He sat near the window , thinking . He sent me an e-mail , hoping to get further information .【学以致用】 As the light turned green , I stood for a moment , not , and asked myself what I was going to do .A. moved B. moving C. to move D. being moved 一 重点单词1.obvious (adj.) 明显的，显而易见的， 清楚的【知识拓展】1. obvious +to +表示人的名名词或代词 eg. His displeasure was obvious to his fellow workers . 2. It +be +obvious+that clause eg. It is obvious that she was not going home . 【学以致用】 It is that the sick child needs food and sunshine .A. evidently B. obvious C. apparently D. plain 2. situated / located (adj.) 坐落的，位于的eg. The village is situated/located in a valley . = The village lies in a valley.be located /situated =lie (vi.) 坐落于，位于 。 locate , situate 用被动语态，lie 用主动语态。【学以致用】 Taiwan , a beautiful island , in the south of China . Which is wrong ?A. is situated B. lies C. is located D. locates 3. offer (v.) (主动)提出（愿意做某事）；提议 ， 给予， 提供， （n.） 出价，建议eg. The teacher offered a computer to his daughter as a present for her wedding . The student offered to give me a hand when I was looking for my key everywhere . The businessman offered $ 2,000 for my vase . Thank you for your offer of help . 【知识拓展】 offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb. 提供某物给某人 offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事 accept ones offer 接受某人的建议【辨析】offer , provide , supply offer 提供，侧重主动给予， 多指具体的事物，多用于：offer sb. sth. 或 offer sth. to sb. provide 供应，供给，表示为应付某种需要而提供某事物， 所提供的东西一般是具体的事物，也可以是帮助，经验，机会，答案，例子等抽象的东西。一般用于provide sth. for sb. 或provide sb. with sth. supply 补给，供给，提供，只用于具体事物， 侧重补充所需要的东西， 有时可以和provide 互换，经常用于：supply sth. to sb. 或supply sb.with sth. 【学以致用】1. You only half the price , how would the seller sell the jacket to you ?A. spent B. paid C. charged D. offered 2. Thank you for to help , but I can manage it myself . A. providing B. supplying C. giving D. offering 4. effect (n.) 效果，效应， 作用， 影响eg. The new tax regulations came into effect last month. The medicine will soon take effect.This had a great dffect upon the future of both mother and son . 【知识拓展】 have an effect on /upon 对产生影响 come into effect开始生效,开始实施in effect 实际上, (法律,法规)生效, 在实行中学以致用 The drug did not his health ,in fact , it seemed to have no at all .A. effect ,effect B. effect ,affect C. affect , effect D. affect ,affect 5. disppointed (vt.) 使失望 eg. I am sorry to disppoint you , but I cant agree with you after all . 知识拓展 disppointed (adj.) 失望的 disppointing (adj.) 令人失望的 disppointment (n.) 失望be disppointed to do 因失望 be disppointed that 失望 sth. be disppointing 令人失望的be disppointed at / about sth. be disppointed in / with sb. sth. to ones disppointment 令人失望的是学以致用 What he has done is really . Now his parents are him .A. disppointing , disppointed at B. disppointing , disppointed about C. disppointing , disppointed with D.disppointed , disppointing by 6. talent (n.) C,U 天才, 才能, 天分; 有天才的人们,人才知识拓展 have a gift / talent for 在方面有天分 a man of talents / gifts 一个有天分的人 a gifted / talented man 一个有天分的人辨析 genius , talent , skill , ability genius 有 “天才,天赋 的含义, 这时与talent 意义相近. genius 还可指 有天赋的人,才子 talent 语气较genius 弱, 用于指人天生的能力.另外,talent可派生为talented ;sill 侧重于做某事的技巧, 也可派生为skilled . ability 侧重能力.学以致用 1. She showed a talent acting an early age . A. in , at B. at , on C. for , at D. with , in 2. in solving this kind of problem , he was named the leader of the group . A. Skiling B. Skilled C. Talented D. Talenting 3. Whether a man talents will succeed depends on his efforts .A. with B. of C. for D. is 7. impress (vt.) 使印象深刻, 使人铭记, 使某人深感 , 盖/印于 , 印 eg. The people present were all impressed by / at / with his speech. The manage impressed the importance of their work on / upon them .The girl impressed her friends with her sense of humour . The student impressed his seal on his new book . 知识拓展 impress sb. with /at / by sth. 使 给人留下深刻的印象 be impressed with / at / by 对有深刻的印象impress sth. on . upon sb.使深感/铭记 impress sth. on ./ upon sth. 盖(印等)于 ,印make / leave a strong impression on sb. 给 留下深刻的印象impress sb. with sth. = impres