8AU1-U3语法练习.doc

8A Unit 1-3语法讲解及强化练习一形容词、副词的比较级和最高级（一）形容词1.定义用来修饰名词，表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词，叫形容词。2.形容词的作用，见下表：作 用例 句定 语You can see a lot of beautiful flowers in the garden.表 语Your coat is too small.宾语补足语The old woman keeps everything clean and tidy.常用的系动词有：be, grow, smell, become, keep, sound, feel, look, taste, get, seem, turn 注意：1.）有些形容词只能作表语，如：alone, afraid, asleep 等。例如：Dont wake the sleeping baby up. He is asleep.The old man is alone.2.）形容词用来修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词，要放在这些词的后面。例如：Youd better tell us something interesting.The police found nothing strange in the room.3.）形容词名词化：有些形容词前加定冠词后变成名词，表示一类人，谓语常用复数。这类词有：rich / poor; good / bad ; young / old ; healthy / ill ; living / dead ; black / white (表示人种等)。例如：The young should take good care of the old.年轻人应该好好照顾老人。The rich never help the poor in this country.在这个国家，富人从来不帮助穷人。4.）else要放在疑问代词或复合不定词之后。如：Did you see anybody else?你看到别的人了吗？What else can you see in the room? 房间里你还能看到什么？3.以-ly结尾的形容词 1） 大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但 friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，ugly，brotherly，仍为形容词。 改错：（错） She sang lovely. （错） He spoke to me very friendly. （对） Her singing was lovely.（对） He spoke to me in a very friendly way. 2）有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词，也为副词，如daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early等。The Times is a weekly paper. 时代周刊为周刊。 The Times is published weekly. 时代周刊每周发行一期。（二）副词1.定义: 副词主要用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或其他结构。 2.副词的位置 : 1） 在实义动词之前或之后。 2） 在be动词、助动词之后。 3） 多个助动词时，副词一般放在第一个助动词后。 注意： a. 大多数方式副词位于句尾，但宾语过长，副词可以提前，以使句子平衡。例如： We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us.我们清楚地看到前面有奇怪的光。 b. 方式副词well， hard等只放在句尾。例如： He speaks English well. 他英语说得好。 注意：副词enough要放在形容词的后面，形容词enough放在名词前后都可。例如： I dont know him well enough. 他我不熟悉。 There is enough food for everyone to eat.有足够的食物供每个人吃。3.方式副词A. 定义：表示说话者行事方式的副词叫方式副词,常用来回答“how”问句。B. 构成：大部分由形容词ly变来。 e.g. quietquietly. happily 1）一般情况下 + ly quick-quickly bad-badly2） 辅音字母+ y ，去y +ily happy-happily noisy-noisily3） le , ue结尾 去e加ly possiblepossibly gentlegently simple-simply terrible-terribly comfortable -comfortably probable -probably due-duly true-truly注:其它以e结尾的加 ly nicenicely，safe-safely，polite-politely4） 以ll结尾的词,加 y full -fully 5）部分形容词和副词是两个完全不同的词：good well 6） 形容词副词同形 hard, fast, high, early, late, far, straight7） friendly, lovely, lonely, likely, lively，ugly，brotherly，这些词结构上看像副词，其实不然,它们都是形容词。8） 一些形容词不能变成方式副词： A. 表语形容词：B . 表语, 定语形容词：（三）形容词、副词的比较级和最高级1.形容词、副词比较级和最高级的构成：1） 单音节词和少数双音节词比较级和最高级的规则变化：规则原级比较级最高级1.在词尾后直接加-er/esttalltallertallest2.词尾是e，只加-r/stnicenicernicest3.以辅音字母加y结尾的，把y变i再加-er/esthappyhappierhappiest4.重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母，再加-er/estthinthinnerthinnest2）其他双音节词或多音节词,在该词前面加-more/mostbeautifulmore beautiful(the) most beautiful3）由形容词加ly构成的双音节词和多音节词,都是在该词前加-more/most.quicklymore quickly(the) most quicklydifficultlymore difficultly(the) most difficultly4） 不规则变化:good/wellbetterbestbad/badlyworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest2.形容词/副词原级、比较级、最高级的用法1） 原级的用法:（没有比较时用原级）a）在very, quite, rather, so, too, enough,等词后面用原级；e.g. English is very useful, so we should try our best to learn it well.b）A + v. + as +形容词/副词原级 + as B 用于两者之间对比，意思为“和一样”Tom is as honest as Jack.Her skin is as white as snow.Tom runs as fast as Jones.c）not as/so+形容词/副词原级+as 意思为“不如，不及”，He is not as /so tall as I.He didnt come as/so early as Li LeiThe weather here is not as/so cool as that in Harbin.2） 比较级的用法:a）A+v. +形容词/副词的比较级+than+ BSusan is happier than Jane.Beijing is more beautiful than Osaka.Lily ran faster than Mary(did).形容词/副词的比较级前还可以用much, even, still, a little等来修饰。b）数字+形容词比较级+thanIm two years older than you.She is a head taller than me.c）比较级+and+比较级，表示“越来越”The earth is getting warmer and warmer.China becomes more and more beautiful. d）the +比较级，the +比较级结构，表示“越就越”The more I study it, the more I like it.The harder you work, the better you will learn.e）which/who +is +比较级Which city is bigger, Beijing or Tianjin?Who runs faster, you or me?3） 最高级用法：用于三者及以上的人或事物的比较,形容词的最高级前一定要加the（副词的最高级前可以不加the），最高级前有物主代词，序数词和名词所有格时，不加定冠词the, 后面跟带有表示范围的词或短语。如：of the three, in our class等等。a）one of the +最高级Shanghai is one of the most beautiful cities in China.Our city is one of the safest cities in the world. He works (the) hardest of all the students in the class.It is our nearest neighbour in space.b）最高级意义的表达方法:例句最高级She is the best in her class. 比较级She is better than any other student in her class.No other student in her class is better than she.原级No other student in her class is as good as she.4）事物数量上“多与少”的比较用法a）多Manymore most+可数/不可muche.g.(1) I scored more points than he does in the test. (2) He has more free time than me. (3) Jim drank the most milk of all. (4) My brothers bought the most CDs in his class.b）少little less least +不可数名词e.g.(1) Simon has less orange juice than Amy. (2) Simon has the least orange juice in his class.few fewer fewest +可数复数e.g.(1) Amy has fewer comic books than me. (2) Amy has the fewest comic books in her class.务必小心：more,most(多);less,least,fewer,fewest(少)常放在名词前。尤其在汉译英中e.g.(1) 我的花比你多。 I have more flowers than you. (2) 我的钱比他少，但他的朋友比我少。 I have less money than him but he has fewer friends than me.拓展：对事物异同的比较1） 相同方面的比较 (1) A与B 相同 A + be + the same as +B e.g. My trousers are the same as yours.(2) A与B在某方面相同 A +be +the same +名词+ as +Be.g. My trousers are the same colour as yours. This building is the same height as that one.注：1.look the same 看上去相同 e.g. They look the same. 2.look the same as.看上去与.相同 e.g. Millie skirt looks the same as mine.2） 不同方面的比较A与B不同 A + be different from + B. e.g. School life in the USA is different from that in Britain.注：look different from. 看上去与.不同Your blouse looks different from hers. 二反身代词1)反身代词是强调或表示动作反身到动作执行者本身的代词。表示“我自己”、“你自己”、“他自己”等意思的词被称为反身代词。2)变化形式： 人称单数复数第一人称myselfourselves第二人称yourselfyourselves第三人称himselfherselfitselfthemselves3) 用法作动词或介词的宾语：经常在enjoy, teach, hurt, buy, introduce, look after, take care of, wash, dress,等动词和by, for, to, of等介词后作宾语。enjoy oneself玩得高兴 teach oneself=learnby oneself自学 say to oneself 自言自语help oneself to.请随便吃喝 leave sb by oneself 把某人独自留下by oneself 意为“独自地；独立地”。 make oneself at home别拘束，别客气如：He is teaching herself English.她在自学英语。She was talking to herself.她自言自语。He lives by himself in the country.他独自住在乡下。 作主语或宾语的同位语：主要起加强语气的作用，译作“亲自，本身，本人”。如：Did you make the cake yourself?这蛋糕是你亲自做的吗?(yourself作主语you的同位语)The work itself is easy.这工作本身很容易。(itself作主语the work的同位语)Did you see Mr. Wang himself?你见过王先生本人吗？(himself作宾语Mr. Wang的同位语)He himself didnt know what to do. 他自己也不知道该怎么办。用于一些简短的会话用语或固定说法中。如：Help yourself! 请随便吃吧！/请自己去取吧!Make yourself at home! 别客气！作表语：在be, feel, look, seem等系动词后作表语，表示身体或精神状态处于正常。如：Im not myself today.今天我感觉不舒服。I am feeling myself again.我觉得健康如昔。8AU1-3语法练习语法训练一(1) Im as old as your uncle. = Im the same _ _ your uncle. (2) This river is as long as that one. =This river is _ _ _ _ that one.(3) 这块橡皮与那块一样大。(二种)This rubber_ that one. = This rubber_ that one.(4) 我的西红柿比你少。_(5) 他花在零食上的钱比我少。_(6) I think Unit Five is much _(难).(7) The girl is much more_(漂亮) than before.(8) The maths problem isnt as difficult as that one.= The maths problem is _ _ than that one.(9) Kitty is the slimmest girl in her class. =Kitty is _than _ _ _ in her class.(10) What other things can you see in the room? =_ _ can you see in the room.11.He got back and then I left.=I _ leave _ he got back.12. Lets go to the farthest island, OK?=_ _ go to the farthest island?13. The bus is very big, it can hold 50 people.=The bus is _ _ to hold 50 people.=The bus is _ _ _ it can hold 50 people.14. If you dont help me, I cant do it myself. =_ your _ , I cant do it myself语法训练二：用适当的代词填空1.Boys and girls, help _to some apples. 2. Can your little sister look after _?3.My brother began to teach _English in her thirties. 4.Make _at home, Kitty.5. Do you want to leave your children by _at home?6. Some people there taught _ (we) to ride a horse. 7.Amy and I can work out the problems _8. I decided to do the work_. 9.Come here, Peter . You must do the work by _.10) The guide (导游）looked after _(you) well. 11) Mr. Gao fell off the horse and hurt _(he).12) Mr. Gao fell off and the horse hurt _(he)13)Jim, dont touch the machine, or it may hurt _(you)14)Jim,dont touch the machine, or you may hurt _(you)15.The twins enjoyed_(they) last Sunday.语法训练三：1. I had (少) rice than Jack yesterday. But Lily had the (少)of the three.2. She bought (少)apples than her friends. She bought the (少)of all.3. My grandma always does the (多)housework in my family, but she eats the (少).4. The number of the students in Class 1 is (多) than that of Class 3.5. The Yellow River isnt so _(长) as the Changjiang River. 6. I am glad you are better. You look much _ (健康) now.7. E-mailing is much_(cheap) than long-distance calling.8. They often have good_ in football matches. They are very _.They won the football match _again last week. _, one of them hurt his leg in the match.(luck)9. In spring the days are getting _and _(long).10. My grandfather was . He was even this morning. (ill).11. The higher you climb a mountain, the (thin) the air becomes.12. Your suggestion(建议) is not good, and his is even_(bad).13.There is much _ in the classroom. Its too _here. The students are talking _. Lets go to the playground. (noise) -No. Its much_(noise) there. Wed better go to the reading room14.Uncle is a very_(care) driver. He drives the most_(care) of all. 15.The girl gets to school_ and_( early).16.The food smell_(good) and tastes _(good),too. Look! The children are tasting Beijing Duck_(good).17.Ants can smell the things _(good).18.Her singing is _(优美). How _(优美)he is singing!19. The _ boy is singing_(happy)20.The man is looking _at his son. He looks _at the moment.(angry)语法训练四： 用所给词的适当形式填空：1. Dont always think of _(you), children!2. Sandy was _ (terrible) ill, so she had to see a doctor.3. The boy is old enough to take care of _(he).4. The super girls came out, people are surprised at their _(beautiful).5. Kitty fell off her bike yesterday. _ _, the _ _ girl didnt hurt herself. (luck)6. They decided _( go) to the second island first.7. My mother agreed _ ( not go) shopping.8. Our teacher often tells us _ _ (not cross) the road when the traffic light is red.9. The mother made the poor girl _ _ (play) the piano for eight hours a day.10. Which dress will you choose _ _ (buy) ?11. Tell _ to help _ to some fruit (they).12. Look! They are _. They are _ for their favourite team. (cheer)13. The question_(it) wasnt difficult. He didnt think_(it) over.14. She worked out the _ problem _, (easy)15. Mother _ (bring) me the shopping list, didnt she?16.They are preparing _(have) a sports meeting. 17.Where do you plan_(visit ) next year?18.Its easy _(play) softball.19.Mr White learned _(ride) a horse last year?20.Jim agreed _(go) to the West Lake.21.Max decided_(stay) with us at home.语法训练五：选用框中所给词的适当形式填空。enjoy oneself；hurt oneself；for oneself；by oneself；to oneself；pull oneself； help oneself； teach oneself1 Hi, kids, _ to some dishes. 2 Be more careful, or you _ .3 She often _ French after work. 4 Can you cook food _, children?5 Simon _ up on the rock. Lets go and help him.6 Aunt Huang finished the hard work _. She didnt ask anybody for help.7 We want _ in the China Dinosaur Park.8 He thought _, “Who did all these things for me?”语法训练五：单项选择1.-I eat vegetables and meat than I did last year. -Thats why youre getting fatter. A. fewer; more B. more; les C. less; more D. many; much2.If we follow this good plan, we can do the job better with money and people.A. less; less B. fewer; fewer C. less; fewer D. fewer; less3.I have apples than you, but are better than yours.A. few; my B. few; mine C. fewer; my D. fewer; mine4. I have money than you, but I have friends than you.A. more; more B. less; more C. fewer; more D. more; less5. -Which sport do you like ? -Swimming. Its_ of all the sports, I think.A. most; interesting B. best; the most interesting C. best; more interesting D. most; much more interesting6. There are in Class Ten in Class Seven. A. students as many; as B. so many students; as C. as many students; as D. students so many; as7. This book is easier for you. There are new words in it than in that book. A. fewer B. less C. more D. least8. There are few in the fridge. Lets go and get some peas, carrots and cabbages. A. fruit B. vegetables C. meat D. eggs9. I spend time on may study than my brother. A. fewer B. fewest C. least D.less10. Jack has the cards in his class. He has to make more. A. few B. most C. least D. fewest11. It much yesterday than today. A. is; colder B. was; colder C. was; cold D. is; colder12. Daniel looks just before. A. same like B. as same as C. the same D. the same as 13. You can easily find him in the classroom, because his clothes are theirs. A. the same as B. the same to C. different from D. different to14. You look your twin brother. You are tall and fat, but hes short and thin. A. the same as B. the same like C. different from D. different as15. your coat the same Jims? A. Is； as B. Does; like C. Does; as D. Is; like16. Daniel spent less money on CDs because he bought than Kate. A. more B. less C. fewer D. many more17. Whats the Chinese and English names? A. different from B. different between C. difference between D. difference from18.-Could I have some milk? -Certainly. Theres in the bottle. A. little B. a little C. a few D. few19. Her English is very good, and her French her English. A. is as good as B. is as well as C. isnt as good as D. is as better as 20. I wont do the work you. A. so bad as B. as badly as C. as worse as D. as worst as21. Guo Yue did quite_at the World Table Tennis Championship, but Zhang Yining did even _. A. better, well B. well, well C. well, better D. better, better22. Tom is six and he is _his sister Jane. How old is Jane? Three.A. twice as old as B. two years older than C. three years younger than D. as old as23. Remember, boys and girls. _you work, _result you will get. We know, Miss Gao. A. The better, the harder B. The harder, the better C. The hard, the better D. The harder, the good24. He has grown_to take care of himself.A. tall enough B. enough tall C. old enough D. enough old25. Tom d