山西省中考英语 第三轮 题型实战 第39讲 阅读理解（一）习题课件.ppt

山西省 英语 第39讲阅读理解 一 考情分析 近5年山西阅读理解 一 a篇一般为图表型文章或有关新事物的介绍 同学们平时应注重生活中图表信息的理解和收集整理 b c篇应用文 记叙文和说明文均有涉及 话题方面较常见的有人物故事 科普知识 环境保护 学生生活 行为习惯等 词数在300词以内 设置方式以细节理解题为主 还会涉及词义猜测题 推理判断题 主旨大意题和标题归纳题等 预计2016年考查方式会延续往年的命题特点 中考英语 阅读理解 题主要是考查考生综合运用所学语言知识的能力 很多同学在做题时常常有一种 读得懂做不对 的感觉 那么有必要对阅读理解这种题型及其解题技巧作一些简要的分析 从近几年的中考阅读理解情况看 短文体裁多样 题材各异 文章涉及科学知识 社会文化 政治历史 人文环境和日常生活等方面 充分体现了时代性和实用性 短文难度逐年加大 常见题型有主旨题 细节题 推断题 猜测词义题和判断正误题 做阅读理解练习应先看问题 弄清考点 在阅读短文之前 快速浏览问题 以便在阅读短文时做到心中有数 快速 准确地捕捉所需信息 其次要注意先易后难 做题时不必拘泥于书中所呈现的语篇顺序 应遵循先易后难的原则 如可先做细节题再做推断题 因为细节题大多能直接从文中找到答案 而推断题则需对短文进行深层理解 再作判断 一 主旨概括题主旨题主要考查学生对短文中心思想或作者意图的掌握 做此类题时 应通读全文 理解文章大意 充分理解主题句的意义 短文往往围绕主题句展开 主题句通常出现在短文第一句或最后一句 二 细节理解题细节题是用来进一步表达主题 体现中心思想的 往往针对短文某个细节来设题 做此类题时 应快速捕捉信息 可能是一些事例 数字等 阅读时要有针对性 三 推理判断题推断题就是根据某个事实推断结论的题型 主要考查学生的理解力和推断力 这类推断通常包括 数据事实推断 常识推断以及作者的写作目的 态度和倾向等的推断 做此类题时 应根据短文中的相关语句 对与事实有关的细节加以分析 找出线索 悟出字里行间的意思 反复比较 从而作出合乎逻辑的判断 四 猜测词义题猜测词义题主要考查学生根据上下文正确判断灵活变化的词义的能力 一般情况下 推断词义的题目中所出现的单词 大多数是学生未曾见过的生词 学生需要在该词出现的上下文中去寻找线索 通过阅读上下文 断定该词的真正含义 然后将这个释义代入文中 检查是否贴切 仔细比较直到得出该词的确切的含义 2015 山西 awespendhours daysandyearsofourlivesineducation buthowperfectdoyouthinkyourschoolis imagineyoucoulddesign 设计 yourideal 理想的 school whatwoulditbelike wewantedtofindoutwhatteenagersaroundtheworldthought hereissomedesigningfromfourchildrenofdifferentcountries ma chinamydreamschoolwouldhaveanolympic sizeswimmingpool twofootballpitchesandagolfcourse itwouldalsohaveacinema a gym arestaurantandashoppingcentre myschoolhasnoneoftheseandithinkthereshouldbemoreenjoyablethingsforpupilstodowhiletheyarestudying sonia italyi dlikearoomwherewecangoandrelaxandplaycomputergamesandchatwithfriends someolderpupilsintheschoolhavethisbutithinkthereshouldbeaplaceforeveryonetogowhentheywanttoswitchoff 转换注意力 fromthelessons richard usa ithinkitwouldbegreattohaveadayoffeveryweek aswellastheweekend ifthatdaywasafridayoramonday wewouldhavealongweekendeveryweek whatfun ialsothinkschoolshouldstartlater atabout10o clock andfinishearlier wespendalotoftimeatschooldoingnothingatall i msurewecouldlearnjustasmuchinfewerhours rebecca australiamydreamschoolwouldbebigandroomywithacomputerforeverypersonintheschool i dalsoliketohaveamusicroomwherewecanjustgoandplayinstrumentswhenwewant weneeda recordingstudio too ihopethatteacherscanrespect 尊重 ouropinions 1 mathinkshisdreamschoolshouldprovideforstudents a moreenjoyablethingsb acomfortablecomputerroomc aplacetoswitchofffromthelessons2 soniathinksstudentsshouldsharearoomwheretheycan a playsportsb playinstrumentsc playcomputergames 3 richardwantstohaveoffeveryweek a twodaysb threedaysc fourdays4 rebeccamaylikeaccordingtothepassage a playingmusicb chattingwithfriendsc doingsomeshopping5 wecaninfer 推断 thatinthefourchildren sopinion theidealschoolshouldbeaplacewhere a studentscanlearnmoreknowledgeb studentscangetonwellwiththeirteachersc students wishesandinterestscanberespected 主旨大意 本文是一篇应用文 文章就不同学生心目中的理想学校进行了调查 分别介绍了来自中国 意大利 美国及澳大利亚的四个学生他们理想中的学校的样子 1 a 解析 细节理解题 题干意为 ma认为他理想中的学校应该为学生提供 a 更多令人愉快的东西 b 一个舒适的机房 c 一个能从课堂上转换注意力的地方 根据文章中ma所描述的内容 ithinkthereshouldbemoreenjoyablethingsforpupilstodowhiletheyarestudying 可知 他希望应该有更多令人愉快的地方 故选a 2 c 解析 细节理解题 题干意为 sonia认为学生应该有一个房间他们可以 a 运动 b 玩乐器 c 玩游戏 根据文章中sonia描述的内容 i dlikearoomwherewecangoandrelaxandplaycomputergamesandchatwithfriends 可知 sonia希望有个房间可以休息 玩游戏 和朋友聊天 故选c 3 b 解析 细节理解题 题干意为 richard想每周休假 a 2天 b 3天 c 4天 根据文章中richard描述的内容 ithinkitwouldbegreattohaveadayoffeveryweek aswellweekend 可知 richard想除了周末还要再休息一天 因此一共是三天 故选b 4 a 解析 细节理解题 题干意为 rebecca可能喜欢 a 玩音乐 b 跟朋友聊天 c 购物 根据文章中rebecca描述的内容 i dalsoliketohaveamusicroomwherewecanjustgoandplayinstruments 可知 rebecca喜欢音乐 故选a 5 c 解析 推理判断题 题干意为 根据四个学生的观点我们可以推断出 理想的学校应该是 a 学生可以学更多的知识 b 学生可以跟老师相处很好 c 学生的愿望和兴趣能够被尊重 根据文章 ihopethatteacherscanrespectouropinions 可知 学生们希望老师能尊重他们的意见 故选c a 2015 山西 let ssupposeitisacommondayof2060 ofcourse thingshavechangedandlifeisverydifferent tripstothemoonarebeingmadeeveryday takingaholidayonthemoontodayisaseasyastakingaholidayineuropeinthe2010 s atanumberofsceneryspots 风景胜地 onthemoon manyhotelshavebeenbuilt inorderthateveryonecanenjoythebeautifulsceneryonthemoon everyroomhasatleastonepicturewindow everythingimaginableisprovidedforentertainmentoftheyoungandold whatarepeopleeatingnow peoplearestilleatingfood butmanyfoodsnowcomeinpill 药片 form andthefoodthatgoesintothepillcomesmainlyfromgreenplants becausepeopleintheworldtodayaremanymorethanthoseaboutfiftyyearsago mostoftheearth ssurfacehastobefilled thedesertsareirrigatedwithwaterandcropsarenolongereatenbypests 害虫 theharvestisalwaysgood farming ofcourse isveryhighlydeveloped veryfewpeoplehavetoworkonthefarm itispossibletorunthefarmbyjustusingafewcomputers peoplearenowlargelyvegetarians andtheyeatonlybread vegetables fruitandsoonandtheydon teatmeatorfish yousee asthenumberofpeopleincreases thenumberofanimalsdecreases sopeoplehavetobevegetarians wearehealthierbothinourbodiesandinourminds andweknowhowtodealwithallkindsofillnesses noonehastobeillanymore suchwouldbeourlifein2060 1 whatwillbeonthemoonin2060accordingtothepassage a manygreenplants b manywildanimals c manyinterestingplaces c 2 what sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword irrigated a 冲刷b 灌溉c 淹没3 whichofthefollowingistrue a peopleonlyeatfoodsinpillform b peopledon thaveplentyofcrops c peoplerunthefarmsbyusinghightechnology 4 whydopeoplehavetobevegetariansin2060 a becausetheywanttobehealthier b becausevegetablescanmakethepatientswell c becausetherewillbemorepeopleandfeweranimals b c c 5 whatattitude 态度 doesthewriterhaveaboutthefuturelife a hefeelsprettyhopefulaboutthefuture b heisnotverysatisfiedwithsomethingsofthefuture c heseemsreallysadaboutwhatishappeninginthefuture a b 2015 山西 olddawsonhadthebestapplesintown butkidsknewtheymustn tgointohisyardtopickadeliciousapple evenofftheground becausedawson abad tempered 坏脾气的 man theysaid wouldcomeafteryouwithhisgun onefriday 12 year oldjanetwasgoingtostayallnightwithherfriendamy theyhadtowalkbydawson shouseonthewaytoamy shouse likemostofthechildren janetwasscaredoftheoldmanbecauseofthestoriesshe dheardabouthim amysaidthatmr dawsonwouldn thurtanyone still janetwasgrowingmorenervouswitheachstepclosertotheoldman shouse whentheygotcloseenough dawsonlookedupwithhisusualfrown 皱眉 butwhenhesawitwasamy abigsmilechangedhiswholefaceashesaid hello missamy iseeyou vegotalittlefriendwithyoutoday amysmiledbackandtoldhimjanetwasstayingovernightandtheyweregoingtolistentomusicandplaygames dawsontoldthemthatsoundedfun andofferedthemeachafreshpickedappleoffhistree astheywalkedon janetaskedamy everyonesayshe sthemeanestmanintown whywashesonicetous amyexplainedthatwhenshefirststartedwalkingpasthishouse hewasn tveryfriendlyandshewasafraidofhim butshealwayssmiledathim ittookawhile butonedayhehalf smiledbackather aftersomemoretime hestartedsmilingrealsmilesandthenstartedtalkingtoher justa hello atfirst thenmore shesaidhealwaysoffersheranapplenow andisalwaysverykind we realwaystryingtoachievesomuch andit ssoeasytogetcaughtupin 被卷入 陷入 everydaylifethatweforgetwecanbringcheertoourselvesandotherssimply givingasmiletakessolittleeffort let ssmiletoothers 1 kidswereafraidofdawsonbecause a hedislikedchildrenb hewasabad temperedmanc healwaystookagunwithhim2 onthatday whenolddawsonsawamygettingclosetohishouse hewas a verymadb quitehappyc reallyscared3 fromthepassage wecanknowthat a amywas tafraidofdawsonbeforeb janetneverheardaboutthestoriesofdawsonc dawsonofferedeachofthetwochildrenanapplethatday b b c 4 theunderlinedsentence hestartedsmilingrealsmiles means mr dawson a gottolikeamy ssmiledaybydayb didn tknowhowtosmileuntilhemetamyc startedtoacceptamyasatruefriendwithrealfeeling5 thebesttitleforthepassagemaybe a smilebringsabigsuccessb smileimprovestherelationshipc smilechangestheenvironment c b a 2013 山西 wanttoknowwhatwecandotohelpmakeourcityabetterplacetolivein whynottakepartin clean greenweekend joinus andyoucanmakenewfriendsandhelpprotecttheenvironmentatthesametime parklifedoyoulikehangingoutintheparkwithyourfriends ifso whynottakethechancetocomewithusandtidyuptheparkasyougo toaddsomefun thereisagiftforthepersonwhocollectsthemostrubbish meetusatthesouthentrancetotaoheparkat9amnextsaturdayifyouwanttojoinin theairyoubreathe agreatwaytomaketheairwebreathecleanerisbyplantinglotsoftrees itisafactthattreesslowlyfilter 过滤 alotofpollutantsfromtheair socomeandhelpusplantsomenewonesinfenheparkat2pmnextsunday warongraffiti 涂鸦 somepeoplethinkgraffitiiscool well itisnot thebestwaytostopbuildingsfrombecomingtotallycoveredinuglygraffitiistogetridofitassoonaspossible andthatisexactlywhatwearegoingtodo wearerepaintingtheschoolwallsfrom1pmonsaturday youdon thavetobringanytools justremembertowearsomeoldclothes 1 themainpurposeof clean greenweekend isto a makeourcitymorebeautifulb offerthechancetohavefunc helpstudentsmeetoldfriends2 thestudentswhowanttojoinintherubbishcollectingactivitymustmeet a at1pmonsaturdayb at2pmnextsundayc at9amnextsaturday a c 3 ifwe regoingtorepainttheschoolwalls weneedto a drawpictureswellb wearsomeoldclothesc bringsometoolswithus4 accordingtothepassage weknow a graffiticanmakethebuildingslookcoolb thepersonwhocollectsrubbishcangetagiftc wecanplanttreestoimprovetheenvironment5 wemightreadtheabovepassage a inafashionmagazineb onaschoolnoticeboardc inanewspaperadvertisement b c b b 2013 山西 youhavewaited45minutesforthevaluable10minutes break butwhenthebellforthenextclassrings youcan tbelievehowquicklytimehaspassed ifyouhavethisexperience you llknowhowtimeflieswhenyouarehavingfunanddragswhenyouarebored nowscientistshavecomeupwithareasonwhythishappens theyhavefoundthatthebrainchangesitswaytoworkaccordingtohowwedirectourattentiontoatask whenwearebored wepaymoreattentiontohowtimeispassing andthismakesourbrainsthinktheclockistickingmoreslowly recentlysomeresearcherswhowanttounderstandtheconditionscarriedoutanexperiment intheexperiment twelvevolunteerswatchedapicturewhileresearchersmonitored 关注 theirbrainactivity thevolunteersweretoldtofirstnoticehowlongapictureappeared thenthecolorofthepicture andthirdly studytheboth theresultsshowedthatthebrainwasmoreactivewhenthevolunteerspaidattentiontomoresubjects itisthoughtthatifthebrainisbusynoticingmanyaspects 方面 ofatask ithastospreaditsresources andpayslessattentiontothe clock therefore timeseemstogoquickly ifthebrainisnotsoactive itspendsitsfullenergyonthepassingoftime asaresult timeseemstomoveslowly nexttimeyoufeelboredinclass perhapsyoushouldconcentrateonwhattheteacherissaying 1 whatdoestheunderlinedword drags probablymean a passesslowlyb runsquicklyc movesactively2 whathavethescientistsfound a timegoesbyfastwhenwehavenothingtodo b thetenminutes breakisimportanttostudents c thebrainworksindifferentwaysindifferentsituations a c 3 howdidtheresearchersdotheexperiment a byinvitingthevolunteerstohavealongclass b byaskingthevolunteerstopayattentiontoaclock c bymonitoringbrainactivitywhilevolunteersarewatchingapicture 4 whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage a wewillbefullofenergyifwe rebusy b concentratingonthingsisawaytomakepeoplelessbored c timegoesslowlywhenthebrainisnoticingmanythingsatthesametime c b 5 whichisthebesttitleofthepassage a thebestwaytosavetimeb theimportanceofplanningtimec thereasonfortimeflyinganddragging c c 2014 山西 areyouboredwithyourdailyroutine herearesomethingsyoushouldtrybeforeyouare18 becauseafterthatit stoolate learntoswimactually thisissoimportantitcouldsaveyourlife ifyoucan tswimwell youwon tbeabletodowatersportslikewaterskiing surfinganddiving eventakingaboattripwillnotbesafeforyou makesureyoudoit collectsomethingoneofthebesthobbiesforunder 18siscollectingthings youcouldcollectstamps oryoucouldcollectthingsthatmakeyourememberwhatyouhavedone likecinematicketsforfilms thebestwaytocollectistohaveaspecialalbumtoputyourcollectioninandtowritewhateachthingmeanstoyou thatwayyouwon tforget tryatleastonekindofteamsportsbeingagoodteamplayerisanimportantskillinlife youcan tjustthinkofyourself buthavetoworkwellwithotherpeople otheradvantagesofteamsportslikebasketball footballandbaseballarethattheykeepyoufitandhealthy andtheyarealsogreatfun teamsusuallyhaveagoodsociallife too you llgotolotsofpartiesandmakemanyfriends writeyourfamilytreewhenyouareyoung gettoknowalltheolderpeopleinyourfamilyandfindoutasmuchasyoucanaboutwhentheywereyoung drawafamilytreeandmakenotesabouteachpersonsothatyouwon tforget 1 accordingtothepassage weshouldlearntoswimbecauseitcould a saveourlivesb keepusfitandhealthyc makeusworkwellwithothers a 2 thebestwaytocollectthingsis a tohaveaspecialalbumb tobuymorestampsandticketsc toexchangethemwithyourfriends3 beingagoodteamplayercanhelpyou a thinkofyourselfb haveagoodsocialskillc becomeaballgamestar a b 4 inordernottoforgettheolderpeopleinyourfamily youshould a gotolotsoffamilypartiesb findsomethingthattheyusedc drawafamilytreeandmakenotes5 thepassagemainlytellsusthat a hobbiesplayanimportantroleineveryone sgrowthb youaresupposedtotrysomethingsbeforeyou re18c everyoneshouldgetintogoodhabitswhentheyareyoung c b d 2014 山西 in2002 iwrotealetterformyfutureselfwithinstructionsnottoopenuntilmybirthdayin2014 itis2014now yesterdaywasmybirthdayandiopenedit thisiswhatitsaid dearsherri bythetimeyoureadthis youwillbe30 attheageof18ihadmanydreamsaboutyou rightnowihopeyouhavetraveledandseeneverythingyou vealwayswantedto bothincanadaandabroad maybeyouhaveevensettleddownsomewhereinfrance andmaybeyouareworkinginthefieldofart ihopeyou remarriedtogwynn themanofyourdreams you llprobablyhavetwochildren agirlandaboy ifeverythinggoesokay you llbelivinginfranceinabighouseinasmalltownwithgwynnandyourtwochildren youaredoingresearchinpainting gwynnwillbeacomputerprogrammerandyouwillbedoingallrightforyourselves however ifthingsdon tgoaccordingtoplan iwishyoulove happinessandjoy lovesherri 18 whenireadthis iwassurprised somuchofwhatiwantedhascometrue ididtraveltoafewmoreplacesincanada i vetraveledtotheuk australiaandegypt ihavebeenlivinginfrancefornearly4yearsinabighouse inasmallsuburb 郊区 inamajorcity iamanartteacherinauniversity ihavetwolovelykids butnoteverythingwentaswhatihoped imarriedamannamedtomrees andheisanexcellentartist wearedoingallrightforourselves ifinditcoolhowthedreamsofayounggirlcanbecomeagrownwoman sreality 现实 1 howlongdidsherriwaittoopentheletter a for12years b for18years c for30years 2 whatdoestheunderlinedphrase settleddown meaninchinese a 参观b 旅行c 定居3 amongherdreams whichonedidnotcometrue a toworkinthefieldofart b tobeamotheroftwokids c tomarryacomputerprogrammer a c c 4 whatcanweinfer 推断 fromthepassage a sheplanstomovetotheuklater b sheenjoysthelifewithherfamilynow c sheloseshopebecausenoteverythinggoeswell 5 whatisthebesttitleforthispassage a dreamonthewayb dreamandrealityc howtoachieveyourdream b b e 2014 山西 whatdoesitmeantobegreen green ismorethanjustacolor italsomeanstakingspecialstepstoprotecttheenvironment thewater theland andtheairwebreathe whygreen plantsaregreen andwithoutthemtheearthwouldn tbesuchalovelyhomeforushumanbeings sometimespeoplecalloursa throwawaysociety thatmeanswearealwaysthrowingawayoldthingsandbuyingnewones manytimes ifyounolongerneedsomething someoneelsejustmightneedit forexample ifyourbrotherisoldenoughnottoplaywithhis plasticbike whynotgiveittoanotherfamilywhohasalittlekidsothattheydon tneedtobuyone andonelesslargeplastictoydoesn tneedtobeproduced recycling 回收利用 hasneverbeeneasier manyorganizationswillpickituprightinfrontofyourhouseandsometownsevenrequire 要求 it tellyourmomordadyouwanttobecome chiefofrecycling foryourfamily nowthatyouknowwhatthingsyoucanrecycle findaplacetokeepthem makesureyouencourageeveryoneinyourhousetothinkwhetherthingscanbereusedorrecycledbeforethey rethrownaway almosteveryonelikestraveling butnexttimebeforeyoutravelaroundtheworld takealookatyourownbackyard isthereaplacewhereyoucouldplantatreeorputinalittlefruitorvegetablegarden ifso getthereandgetyourhandsdirty thenyoucanwatchwithprideasyourtreetakesroot andyourgardenplantsgrowintobigplantsfullofripe redtomatoesortiny juicyblueberries whoknewbeinggreenwouldtastesogood 1 inthefirstparagraph thewriterintroducesthetopicofthepassageby a tellinganinterestingstoryb explainingtheword green c givingsomespecialexamples2 ina throwaway society a peopleshouldn tproduceanyplasticthingsb peoplecangetanythingtheywantfromothersc peoplealwaysthrowawaytheusedthingsandbuynewones b c 3 tobe chiefofrecycling youshould a recyclethingsallbyyourselfb askyourfamilytousetheoldthingsallthetimec findaplacetokeepthethingsthatcanberecycled4 youareadvisedtorunafruitorvegetablegardeninorderto a createagreenenvironmentb makealotofmoneyc getyourhandsdirty c a 5 thepurposeofthepassageistotellusthat a wemustenjoythenatureb wehadbettereatmoregreenfoodc weshouldprotectourenvironment c f 2015 乐山 doyouknowsomethingabouttheholidaycampsinhongkong thestudentsinhongkongusedtotakepartinanenglishholidaycampintheirholidays andtheirparentsweren twiththem thoughtheywereveryyoung nowtheystillenjoytakingpartinmanykindsofholidaycampswithouttheirparents manyparentslettheirchildrentakepartinsomekindsofholidaycampsinordertolearnsomepracticalknowledgeintheirlifeandalsolearnsomeknowledgeaboutlivingskills science readingandwriting themostimportantforthechildrenistolearntolookafterthemselves holidaycampsinhongkongarenotsoexpensive mostfamiliescanaffordtosendtheirchildrenthereforfurtherstudyorformakingtheirbodiesstrong itissaidthatstudentsinhongkonghavemuchknowledgeaboutmanythings perhapsithassomethingtodowithallkindsofholidaycamps 1 studentsinhongkongusuallytookpartin inthepast a anenglishholidaycampb amathsholidaycampc ascienceholidaycamp a 2 whenstudentsinhongkongareinholidaycamps theirparents a havetolookafterthemb don tgowiththemc muststayathome3 themostimportantthingforthestudentstotakepartinholidaycampsinhongkongis a tolearnsomepracticalknowledgeinlifeb tolearnaboutlivingandlearningskillsc tolearntolookafterthemselves b c 4 thecostoftakingpartinaholidaycampis a veryhighb notfairc low5 thestudentswhooftentakepartinholidaycampsusually a knowalotaboutmanythingsb showmuchinterestinsportsc haveastrongloveforfurtherstudy c a g 2015 乐山 mymotheronlyhadoneeye ineverwantedhertoshowupatmyschool onedayduringprimaryschool iwasterri