初中英语┃同义词组辨析 ┃.doc

考点辨析 1. 辨析some和any(1)some 和any都可修饰或指代可数名词和不可数名词。如：some apples, some water(2)some 一般用于肯定句，any一般用于疑问句和否定句。(3)当表示请求或要求并希望对方能给出肯定回答时，some 也可用于疑问句；any 表示“任何”之意时，也可用于肯定句。E.g: Would you like some bananas? You can read any of the books. She has some interesting storybooks.There isnt any juice in the glass.2. 辨析 be made of与be made from二者都是“制造”的意思，但是含义却不同：(1)be made of指制成品仍可以看出原材料。如：The round table is made of wood. (2)be made from指制成品经过化学变化，看不出原材料。如：Steel is made from iron. E.g: 单项选择()1.2012黄冈 Do you believe that paper is made _ wood?Yes, I do. And you can see that books are made _ paper.Afrom; fromBfrom; of Cof; from Dof; of3.辨析 no one 与none/ everyone & every one no one 与 none 都表示没有。(1)no one 只表示“人”，通常用来回答who引导的特殊疑问句。如：Who has come? No one/Nobody. (2)none 既可表示“人”，又可表示“物”，后可接of的短语。用来回答how many/how much引导的特殊疑问句。How many apples are there in the basket? None.4.辨析carry, take与 bring(1)carry意为“搬运、携带”，没有明确的方向性。(2)take表示“带走、拿走”，是把某物或某人从说话处带到别处。即动作由近及远。(3)bring意为“拿来、带来”，是把某人或某物从别处带到说话处。即动作由远及近。E.g:单项选择()1.2011广东 Tom is so nice that he often helps the old man _ water.AtakeBbring CcarryDget5.辨析 because与because of(1)because是连词，其后接句子。I didnt buy it because it was too expensive.(2)because of是复合介词，其后接名词、代词、动名词、what从句等。 如：He lost his job because of his age.He knew she was crying because of what he had said.E.g:()1.2012临沂 The family had to stay at hotel, _ it was raining hard.Abecause Balthough Cuntil Dbecause of6.辨析 sometimes, some times, some time 和sometime(1) sometimes 副词，意为“有时候”，相当于at times, from time to time。 如：Sometimes, I feel lonely. (2) some times 意为“几次”。如：Im sure that we have met some times before. (3) some time 表示“一段时间”，常与for连用。如：Helen plans to stay in France for some time. (4) sometime 副词，意为“某个时候”。如：Ill visit my grandpa sometime next week. E.g:()1.We are going to have a party _ next week.Asometime Bsome timeCsometimes Dsome times7.辨析lonely与alone(1)lonely 作形容词，充当表语，指“孤独的”，主语是人时，突出内心感到孤独、寂寞。侧重于因缺少同伴友谊或亲情而感到孤独、寂寞，含忧郁之意。 如：He felt very lonely without his friends. (2)alone 作形容词，充当表语，只是陈述一个事实，表示“独自的；单独的”，侧重于独自一人，显得孤立无援。alone只作表语不作定语。如： He was alone in the room. ()1.2012安顺 His grandparents live _ in a small house, but they don t feel _.Alonely; alone Balone; lonelyClonely; lonely Dalone; alone8.辨析living, live, alive与lively(1) living意为“活着”，强调说明“尚在人间，健在”，可用来指人或物，作定语或表语。(2) live作动词，意为“居住，生活”；作形容词，意为“活着的，实况转播的”，通常指物，不指人，常用来作定语放在名词的前面。(3) alive意为“活着”，侧重说明生与死之间的界限，既可指人，也可指物；可用来作表语，后置定语或宾补。(4) lively意为“活泼的，充满生气的”，可作定语、表语或宾补，既可指人，又可指物。9.辨析sound, noise 与 voice三者均可表示“声音”，区别如下：(1) sound可以指自然界的一切声音。还可以作系动词，意为“听起来”。如：Light travels much faster than sound. Your idea sounds reasonable.(2) noise主要指大声的、令人不愉快的声音，尤指噪音。如：Stop making so much noise.(3) voice一般指人的说话声、歌唱声。如：Many people like Deng Li Juns sweet voice.E.g:()1.2011德阳 Stop making so much _. The children are sleeping.Avoice Bnoise Csound Dhearing10.辨析 used to do sth., be used to doing sth. 与 be used to do sth.(1) used to do sth. 表示“过去常常”。如：I used to go swimming on Sundays. (2)be used to doing sth.表示“习惯于做某事”，其中to是介词，后接名词或动名词；还可用get used to表示“渐渐习惯于”。如：Is she used to walking after supper? (3)be used to do sth.表示“被用来做某事”。如：This computer is used to control all the machines. E.g: Jack _ dislike the weather in Beijing in spring, because there is so much wind and sand. But now he _ it.Ais used to; used to Bused to; is used toCwas used to; is used to Dused to; uses to11.辨析have gone to, have been to与have been in(1)have/has gone to 意为“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之，说话时该人不在现场。如：Jack Johnson has gone to London. (2) have/has been to表示“曾经去过某地”，现在已经不在那里了。have(has) been to 后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次。如：I have just been to the post office. (3) have/has been in 表示“在某地待多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用。如：since, for, how long 等。如：Mr Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 注意 当后面接的是地点副词（here/ there/ home）等时，介词去掉。e.g: I have been there 3 times.12.辨析find 与find out(1)find 意为“发现，找到”， 强调找的结果，其后可以接名词、复合结构或that从句。如：Have you found the book you left on the bus?(2)find out 意为“找出，查明”， 指通过观察、探索而发现事实的真相；通过调查找出原因，或发现秘密、错误等，其后一般接名词、代词或从句。 如：Have you found out why he was late? E.g: Could you _ when the train will leave?Afind Bfind out Clook at Dlook for13.辨析 happen与take place(1)happen是“发生，偶然发生”的意思，happen to意为“凑巧”。 句型It happened that表示“可能，凑巧，偶然”。如：The car accident happened at midnight. It happened that you like it.(2)take place意为“举行，发生”，表示有意识的行为，按计划发生。如：When will the wedding take place?E.g: Great changes _ in Tong ren in the past five years.Ahave happened Bhave taken placeChave been happened Dhave been taken place14.辨析sothat与suchthat(1)so adj. that意为“如此以至于”，so 后接形容词或副词。如：The student is so good that we all like him.(2)such n(名词短语) that意为“如此以至于”，such后接名词或名词短语。如：It is such a difficult question that we cant work it out.E.g:The First Huaguoshan International Golf Open was _ success that we enjoyed ourselves very much.Asuch a great Ba such great Cso a great Da so great辨析so that 与sothat(1) so that引导目的状语从句时，意为“以便；为了”，从句中常使用can, could, may, will等情态动词和助动词。如：He hurried to the station so that he could catch the early bus.(2) so that引导结果状语从句时，意为“因此；所以”，从句中一般不用can, may等情态动词。如：He hurried to the station so that he caught the early bus.(4)so many/much/little/few that引导的从句。如：There are so many people in the hall that I cant breathe fresh air. (5) so 形容词冠词名词that引导的从句。如：It was so good an exhibition that I went to see it several times.E.g: Youd better take the map with you _ you wont get lost.Aas long as Bas soon as Cnow that Dso that15.辨析join 与take part in(1) join表示“参加；加入”，着重从旁观者或外人的身份成为某党派、团体、人群、游戏等中的一个成员，相当于become a member of。如：He joined the tennis club. (2)take part in表示“参加”，指参加某一活动并在其中起积极作用。take an active part in表示“积极参加”。如：Did you take an active part in the sports meeting? 16.辨析It is adj. for sb. to do sth.与It is adj. of sb. to do sth.这两个句型中的it均为形式主语。(1)It is adj. for sb. to do sth.句意为“对某人来说，做某事”。该句型中的形容词通常是表示事物特点或特征的词，如：difficult, necessary, important, impossible等。(2) It is adj. of sb. to do sth.中的形容词通常是表示人的性质、品质特征的词，如：nice, polite, silly, foolish, generous等。该句型相当于：sb. be adj. to do sth.17.辨析would rather与prefer两者都有“宁可也不，宁愿”的含义，区别如下：(1) would rather的缩略形式为d rather, 没有人称、数和时态的变化，后接动词原形；其否定形式为would rather not do sth.，常和than连用。意为“宁愿而不愿”。如：I would rather go shopping than watch TV at home.(2) prefer后接动词不定式，相当于would rather do sth., prefer有人称、数和时态的变化。如：Mary preferred to sing when she was a child.(3) preferto， 意为“比起更喜欢；宁愿而不愿”，其同义短语为“would ratherthan/prefer to do sth. rather than do sth./likebetter than”，to为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词。如：I prefer swimming to running.18.辨析a number of 与the number ofa number of后跟可数名词复数形式，谓语要用复数；而the number of表示“的数量”，后可以接可数名词复数，主语是number, 而不是of后面的复数名词，所以谓语要用单数。如：A small number of people have read the book. The number of students in our school is rising year by year. 19.辨析surpr