sat重要单词词汇笔记学习笔记.docx

I was rather taken back by his rudeness. Take sb. aback 把某人弄个措手不及Aback ad. 向后 突然的，猝不及防的 Be taken aback= agitated take someone aback shock or surprise someone : he was taken aback by the sharpness in her voice. Abide=tolerate=endure=put up with=brook dure 持续 during2 trans. ( can/could not abide) informal be unable to tolerate (someone or something) : if there is one thing I cannot abide it is a lack of discipline. 常用词笔记brook 1. a small stream.Can we wade the brook?This important matter brooks no delay. 不容耽搁，2. tolerate or allow (something, typically dissent or opposition) : Jenny would brook no criticism of Matthew.Absolve=excuse=exculpate=exonerate 免罪，免责the pardon absolved them of any crimes.THE RIGHT WORDTo varying degrees, all of these words mean to free from guilt or blame, and some are most frequently heard in a legal or political context.Absolve is the most general term, meaning to set free or releasenot only from guilt or blame, but from a duty or obligation (: absolved from her promise to serve on the committee) or from the penalties for a violation.Pardon is usually associated with the actions of a government or military official (: President Gerald Ford pardoned Richard Nixon following his resignation in the wake of the Watergate scandal) and specifically refers to a release from prosecution or punishment.It is usually a legal official who decides to acquit someonethat is, release someone from a specific and formal accusation of wrongdoing (: the court acquitted the accused due to lack of evidence).Exonerate suggests relief (its origin suggests the lifting of a burden), often in a moral sense, from a definite charge so that not even the suspicion of wrongdoing remains (: completely exonerated from the accusation of cheating).A person who is vindicated is also off the hook, usually due to the examination of evidence (: she vindicated herself by producing the missing documents).Exempt has less to do with guilt and punishment and more to do with duty and obligation (: exempt from paying taxes).To forgive, however, is the most magnanimous act of all: It implies not only giving up on the idea that an offense should be punished, but also relinquishing any feelings of resentment or vengefulness (: “To err is human; to forgive divine”).Abstemious=stolid=stern=stoic=ascetic “We only had a bottle.” “Very abstemious of you.”Stolid 不动感情的，缺乏热情的 he was a rather stolid, serious type. 3 Solid hard and firm not in the form of liquid or gas. 常见词笔记an ascetic life of prayer, fasting, and manual labor | a narrow, humorless, ascetic face. Mundane interests=creature comforts=carnal desireAccost v. 贸然上前搭讪，唐突的走近谈话approach and address (someone) boldly or aggressively : reporters accosted him in the street. approach (someone) with hostility or harmful intent : he was accosted by a thief, demanding his money or his life. in demand sought after : all these skills are much in demand.on demand as soon as or whenever required : he promised us endless coffee on demand. approach and address (someone) with sexual intent : a man tried to accost the girl on her way to school.Acculturate axx culture assimilate or cause to assimilate a different culture, typically the dominant one intrans. : those who have acculturated to the U.S. trans. : the next weeks were spent acculturating the field staff | as adj. ( acculturated) an acculturated Cherokeeadjudicate make a formal judgment or decision about a problem or disputed matter : the committee adjudicates on all betting disputes | trans. the case was adjudicated in the Supreme Court. act as a judge in a competition : we asked him to adjudicate at the local flower show. trans. pronounce or declare judicially : he was adjudicated bankrupt .adjudication=determination=resolution=verdictprejudice=bias judicious=sagacious adulate adult 类动词praise (someone) excessively or obsequiously.Obsequiously 巴结地，卑躬屈膝地His obsequious submission to his bosss ideas disgusted his fellow workers.Adultery n, voluntary sexual intercourse between a married person and a person who is not his or her spouse : she was committing adultery with a much younger man.Adulterate render (something) poorer in quality by adding another substance, typically an inferior one : the meat was ground fine and adulterated with potato flour. See note at pollute .toady=sycophant=flatterer3today on or in the course of this present day : shes thirty today | he will appear in court today. at the present period of time; nowadays : millions of people today cannot afford adequate housing.Toadynoun ( pl. toadies)a person who behaves obsequiously to someone important.verb ( toadies, toadied) intrans. act in an obsequious way : she imagined him toadying to his rich clients. Sycophant n. IP题Syc secret phant 声音a person who acts obsequiously toward someone in order to gain advantage; a servile flatterer.Hes a coward, a traitor and a sycophant.Afoot ad 1 in preparation or progress; happening or beginning to happen : as predic. adj. plans are afoot for a festival.2 on foot : as adv. they were forced to go afoot.There is a scheme afoot to put a motorway through the park.Aftereffect=aftermath Aftermath n. 1the consequences or aftereffects of an event, esp. when unpleasant : food prices soared in the aftermath of the drought.2 Farming new grass growing after mowing or harvest.Soar fly or rise high in the air : the bird spread its wings and soared into the air | figurative when she heard his voice, her spirits soared. maintain height in the air without flapping wings or using engine power : the gulls soared on the summery winds. increase rapidly above the usual level : the cost of living continued to soar | as adj. ( soaring) the soaring crime rate.Aftereffect an effect that follows after the primary action of something : he was suffering the aftereffects of the drug.Ahistorical a否定 与历史无关的ahistorical nostalgia that misunderstands cultural history.Ambiance=setting=context=surrounding=circumstances=environment=atmosphere=aura= 气氛，环境Amble=ramble=stroll=roamAmbidextrous(of a person) able to use the right and left hands equally well : few of us are naturally ambidextrous. (of an implement) designed to be used by left-handed and right-handed people with equal ease.Amulet=talisman=lucky piece Amulet; an ornament or small piece of jewelry thought to give protection against evil, danger, or disease.Talisman; an object, typically an inscribed ring or stone, that is thought to have magic powers and to bring good luck.Anecdotal/systematic anecdote Anthem=hymn=eulogy a rousing or uplifting song identified with a particular group, body, or cause : the song became the anthem for hippie activists. (also national anthem) a solemn patriotic song officially adopted by a country as an expression of national identity.Anthropocentric 人类中心说Antithesis anti thesis理论论文a person or thing that is the direct opposite of someone or something else : love is the antithesis of selfishness. a contrast or opposition between two things : the antithesis between occult and rational mentalities. 后面有关于神秘，超自然的整理。Mentality mindset 心态；思想状况；思想方法 I cannot understand the mentality of football hooligans.后面有恶棍的整理。A criminal/ghetto mentality智力 a boy of average mentality a figure of speech in which an opposition or contrast of ideas is expressed by parallelism of words that are the opposites of, or strongly contrasted with, each other, such as “hatred stirs up strife, but love covers all sins” : his sermons（preach） were full of startling antitheses. 后面有关于布道的整理apartheid n.种族隔离 (in South Africa) a policy or system of segregation or discrimination on grounds of race. segregation in other contexts : sexual apartheid.Apocalypse noun (often the Apocalypse)the complete final destruction of the world, esp. as described in the biblical book of Revelation. an event involving destruction or damage on an awesome or catastrophic scale : a stock market apocalypse | an era of ecological apocalypse. ( the Apocalypse) (esp. in the Vulgate Bible) the book of Revelation.Appraisal n. 评估Appropriate 合适的，挪用占用Propriety = etiquette 适当，礼节Nobody questioned the propriety of her being there alone.They were careful to observe the proprieties.Property n. 财产，所有物，不动产, 物质特性This building is government property.A plant with medical propertyArctic Antarctic 1 of or relating to the regions around the North Pole : an Arctic explorer. (of animals or plants) living or growing in such regions. designed for use in such regions : Arctic clothing.2 ( arctic) informal (of weather conditions) very cold.An array of service 一系列服务Array（完整性） series （连续性）Arthritis tis 炎症的结尾painful inflammation and stiffness of the jointsartifice=guile=craft nocuous=toxic=noxious=deleterious=injurious=detrimental=pernicious=baneful=inimical=baleful=virulent=vicious 有害的 同义词 197aside |sd|adverbto one side; out of the way : he pushed his plate aside | they stood aside to let a car pass | she must put aside all her antagonistic feelings. in reserve; for future use : she set aside some money for rent. used to indicate that one is dismissing something from consideration, or that one is shifting from one topic or tone of discussion to another : joking aside, Ive certainly had my fill.noun1 a remark or passage by a character in a play that is intended to be heard by the audience but unheard by the other characters in the play. a remark not intended to be heard by everyone present : “Does that make him a murderer?” whispered Alice in an aside to Fred.2 a remark that is not directly related to the main topic of discussion : the recipe book has little asides about the importance of home and family.PHRASESaside from apart from.set something aside 1 remove land from agricultural production for fallow or other use : with 15% of land set aside, cereal production will fall | as adj. using his set-aside acreage to work clover into his rotation. 2 annul a legal decision or process. 3 put in reserve : he was setting aside a few dollars a week.保留 put this money aside. all jokes aside 不开玩笑take (or draw) someone aside move someone away from a group of people in order to talk privately.Assault v. 攻击make a physical attack on : he pleaded guilty to assaulting a police officer | she was sexually assaulted as a child. figurative attack or bombard (someone or the senses) with something undesirable or unpleasant : her right ear was assaulted with a tide of music. carry out a military attack or raid on (an enemy position) : they left their strong position to assault the hill. rape.THE RIGHT WORDThere is no shortage of “fighting words.” Attack is the most general verb, meaning to set upon someone or something in a violent, forceful, or aggressive way (: the rebels attacked at dawn); but it can also be used figuratively (: attack the governments policy).Assault implies a greater degree of violence or viciousness and the infliction of more damage. As part of the legal term “assault and battery,” it suggests an attempt or threat to injure someone physically.Molest is another word meaning to attack and is used today almost exclusively of sexual molestation (: she had been molested as a child).Charge and storm are primarily military words, both suggesting a forceful assault on a fixed position. To charge is to make a violent onslaught (: the infantry charged the enemy camp) and is often used as a command (: “Charge!” the general cried). To storm means to take by force, with all the momentum and fury of a storm (: after days of planning, the soldiers stormed the castle), but there is often the suggestion of a last-ditch, all-out effort to end a long siege or avoid defeat.To assail is to attack with repeated thrusts or blows, implying that victory depends not so much on force as on persistence.To bombard is to assail continuously with bombs or shells (: they bombarded the city without mercy for days).Besiege means to surround with an armed force (: to besiege the capital city). When used figuratively, its meaning comes close to that of assail, but with an emphasis on being hemmed in and enclosed rather than punished repeatedly (: besieged with fears).Beset also means to attack on all sides (: beset by enemies), but it is also used frequently in other contexts to mean set or placed upon (: a bracelet beset with diamonds).Astern v. 倒车向后adverb1 behind or toward the rear of a ship or aircraft : the engine rooms lay astern.2 (of a ship) backward : the lifeboat was carried astern by the tide.From stem to astern 从船头到船尾 从头到尾，完全Stern 船尾，严厉的Its on my head/treat. 我请客。Atrocity n. an extremely wicked or cruel act, typically one involving physical violence or injury : war atrocities | scenes of hardship and atrocity. humorous a highly unpleasant or distasteful object : the house was a split-level atrocity.They were guilty of the most barbarous and inhuman atrocity.Atrophy=wilt=witherTrophy n. 胜利，奖盾 奖杯 Flinch=wince=recoil=cringe unflinching=unflagging=unswerving Swerve v. 偏离方向Augur=auspice=omen n. 征兆Attune 调音，使合拍 Attune oneself to sth. Attune a violin to a piano.make receptive or aware : a society more attuned to consumerism (1 the protection or promotion of the interests of consumers.2 often derogatory the preoccupation of society with the acquisition of consumer goods.) than ideology | as adj. ( attuned) the department is very attuned politically. accustom or acclimatize : students are not attuned to making decisions. intrans. become receptive to or aware of : a conscious attempt to attune to the wider audience. make harmonious : the interests of East and West are now closely attuned.Austerity n. austere a. Having great economy；showing self-control when it comes to foregoing luxuries and frill; stern in a manner or appearance The poet had lived an austere life. 反义Frill=luxury a. 奢侈的stern=stolid 冷漠的，严厉的 a scattering/sporadic of light showerssoporific=sleepy 困乏的adjectivetending to induce drowsiness or sleep : the motion of the train had a somewhat soporific effect. sleepy or drowsy : some medicine made her soporific. tediously boring or monotonous : a libel trial is in large parts intensely soporific.sporadic=scattered 零星的autodidact auto 自己 dac=doc 教学，知识 didactic 教条的auxiliary=ancillary 辅助的avaricious=gluttonous=voracious=greedy 贪婪的vice=sin 罪its awesome.=Its fabulous.=its too good to be ture.Awe 敬畏a feeling of reverential respect mixed with fear or wonder : they gazed in awe at the small mountain of diamonds | the sight filled me with awe | his staff members are in awe of him. archaic capacity to inspire awe : is it any wonder that Christmas Eve has lost its awe?verb trans. (usu. be awed)inspire with awe : they were both awed by the vastness of the forest | as adj. ( awed) he spoke in a hushed, awed whisper. Awestruck=formidable 又敬又怕Formidable; inspiring fear or respect through being impressively large, powerful, intense, or capable : a formidable opponent.难以克服的，艰难的，可怕的，令人畏惧的3strenuous requiring or using great exertion : Beijings strenuous efforts to join the World Trade Organization.stern backlash n. 1 in sing. a strong and adverse reaction by a large number of people, esp. to a social or political development : a public backlash against racism.2 recoil arising between parts of a mechanism. degree of play between parts of a mechanism. Proactive a .先发制人的(of a person, policy, or action) creating