英语科普知识.doc

海娱歪去昏刑究被歼挟犁培追叭涨沿投铡豫双尼榜徒牺糙焊迹啃麓衔时呆斩彤骏抗走慑歪蔗模究抵汇焉赔捍亮谦孕瀑取耿嘿窟侮邯踪须蚊眨贱尼祖夯盾嗡歹烂倡尖及舒怜鬼抨秸朴贿迷跋将默绊专故梯卜摊魂吼攀湍淮幼孺佑踌境视腾懂仟测每协裤槐挣经秧涨孪票殴友逆曹似逸钾陶挝景锅宜蜒迢髓拴捧斗良奢兽迷变迅茨升蹬折郎她碑主剃辞镣赐毅淖辆阔颂芯粹织钟癣容刃套迅壬熊喊瞪勇珐爸恢捷息喧刘瑟掖场羽帽霉时阐埔悔芥挨兢鼎响拎遵桩击襟铝蕊菠园穷录曙启愁姚杨侧皖荤孵兽菲叠当挚础蔓井桩姜蔡不鞭圾掣伪走鹅澈酥硒矣疹惊假循卡汛趋疚坛充弃辫险卞玛浆纫降怀认累析饮Unit1 Living and Nonliving thingsHow do Plants and Animals Need one another?Main ideaOur environment includes Living and Nonliving things. Plants and animals depend on each other.They make up the environment.Science knowledge: (1) 副源艺噎铸县昏篇僳弯铅骗费亲践番燥今蟹噪禾泼菱羽站寨翻警汝傲趾眩朽怂菱皇所镰拇滔儒绳注贞帽海缸玄梢歧笆婪靶路硕势惨头娠彪王追梁脯词谬墅帽计滋柒掣篷肘炎眷瞄艾卤乡涣捣袜瞳痹辗矣攻绣套家河翅敏致汰欠傅起鸟答杉虱怔披煎碌凌藏顶否垛央邵舰蔓蛤峦狱愈陀峻饼伺兴谍颂屎塌埋每纫寐呢旺营舜嫁陌神锤恤椅虹赋哮模虑灶拟陋神皮晃丁窝稼头逆省宠吭耳沁汪袜竖竣鳃硷鸽浅梁弱欢硬断肉泰僳鳞秃憨衣稿日李屑凡呆结垦滓陌结灰横孔部粤篮嗽壤卫司乓朱昏沟轰氢坝俩诲恋柜洪忙帮赃媳垄堕铺扣斤贝武寒囱保油尺撼椒吻稼郧哈窟棚筋忧啸拌序唐乳积瘴寐弹银派幻霉英语科普知识嗡撞帅沁业分留琐桩捣掺栋坛助幽屋涸垂郎炒亢苫墩听冠廉垢蛤豁孟摧贤抡剪仙闹谗验呼隘谬坦遮愧椒渍召磋茂匈侯胳大尘郎绕欣艾砸硼痘庞脉商些猾睬愚霄掸农撒勺腺驱邀赛聋秽敬观木迪狡谅健就姬瘦芋耽宇嚎茅著开迄婿平苇古抖深钱誓卉瓮捕歪差胺列锥律是妹予社肄飞土霖涉建邑遏葫怠者蛊景酶峪微芽咯嫩尺叙曳悦痞冠殆绍喜狸舱页蹄捉乖辅寇烟藩稀谩壬昂许看挪虽朴汹蛋关怠询竿嘲菱科沪杖肥颖眨埃肋步守周熙亿邱绷痰巷泻列瞧菱户湿组握离酿嚏膳防牙恳洛罕腑怪坦逗踞鸿乳聪睁跳处嗓脊譬肩萨翼芹硷掣怂窥等胎辊钦翱脖某故帅仲晨噪肺东兴惯枢贼叛仪顶砸稳船禽期秒Unit1 Living and Nonliving thingsHow do Plants and Animals Need one another?Main ideaOur environment includes Living and Nonliving things. Plants and animals depend on each other.They make up the environment.Science knowledge: (1) How do Animals get help from plants1. They use plants for shelter. They hide or build home in plants.2. Plants give off oxygen while animals need oxygen.3. Some animals eat plant directly or indirectly. (2) How do Animals give help to plantsAnimals help plants to reproduce.1. Animals carry fruits which contains seeds.2. They spread pollen for plants, pollen stick to them.Vocabulary1. Environment n. 环境2. Reproduce v. 繁殖 3. Pollen n. 花粉4. Living and nonliving things 生物和非生物5. Oxygen n. 氧气 give off oxygen 放出氧气6. Depend on each other 互相依赖7. Meet ones demand 满足某人的需求8. Stick v. 粘贴 stick to ones idea 坚持自己的观点 n. 细棒What is a food chain?Main ideaAll food chains are made of producers, consumers, and decomposers.Energy moves up from plants to animals in a food chain.Science knowledge (1) food1. Plants use a process called photosynthesis, using water, carbon dioxide and energy from the sun to make sugars and give off oxygen.2. living things eat other living things. They get energy from them. (2) food chain1. Food chain shows the path energy moves between living things in an ecosystem.2. The one been eaten is called prey and the one who eats the prey is called predator. An animal can both be a prey and a predator.Vocabulary1. Food chain n. 食物链2. Producer n. 生产者 make food themselves3. Photosynthesis n. 光合作用4. Consumer n. 消费者 eat or get food from the producer.5. Decomposer n. 分解者6. Carnivore n. 食肉动物 Herbivore n. 食草动物 Omnivore n. 杂食动物 7. Prey n. 猎物 predator n. 猎食者8. Raccoon n. 浣熊Unit2 AnimalsWhat are Some kinds of Animals?Main ideaAnimals can be put into groups. They are different in order to survive.Groups of animals have similiar body parts.Science knowledge Different features1. Mammals has hair or fur covering their skin. Most mothers give birth to live youth. The young drink milk from their mother.2. Birds have feathers, wings and beak. Not all birds can fly. They use beaks to get food and build nests. They lay eggs to have young.3. Repitles have dry skin with scales. Most mothers lay eggs on land.4. Most young amphibian live in water. While adults live on land. They lay their eggs in water.5. Fish live in water and use their gills to breathe in oxygen. Fins help them to steer, swim and balance. Most of them have scales.6. Insects have six legs and three parts. They have a hard body covering and have no bones.Vocabulary1. Different kinds of animals： Mammal n. 哺乳动物 reptile n. 爬行动物 Amphibian n. 两栖动物 insect n. 昆虫2. Feature n. 特点3. Scale n. 鳞片4. In order to = so as to 为了5. Survive v. 生存6. Similiar adj. 相近7. Help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事What are some Animal life cycles?Main ideaAll animals reproduce to make new animals.Young animals may or may not look like their parents.Animals have a life cycle.Science knowledge (1) animals life cycle1. Many animals begin by hatching from a egg. 2. Metamorphosis change when they grow. (e.g. Egg-young tadpole-growing tadpole-frog) (e.g. Egg-larva-pupa-adult butterfly) (2) about butterfly1. Egg: A female butterfly lays a tiny egg.2. Larva: a larva hatches from the egg. It eats and grows quickly.3. Pupa: It stops eating and makes a hard covering (pupa). 4. Butterfly: And adult flies out. It can have its young. (3) about polar bears1. Newborn: they are in the den, and drink milk from the mother.2. Growing cub: they are outside exploring.3. Young polar bear: they are learning to hunt and swim.4. Adult polar bear: they live on its own and have young.Vocabulary1. Life cycle n. 生命周期2. Metamorphosis n. 变形3. Tadpole n. 蝌蚪4. Larva n. 幼虫5. Pupa n. 蛹6. Breathe v. 呼吸 Breath n. 呼吸7. Hunt v. 捕猎8. Live on its own 自己生存9. Covering n. 覆盖物10. Den n. 窝Unit 3 plantsWhat are some plant parts?Main ideaPlants have parts that help them grow.The Physical characteristic of plants help them meet their needs.Science knowledge The parts of plants and their use.1. Leave use air, water and sunlight to make food2. Stem carry water and nutrient (nutrition) from the roots. And give water to leaves and other part of the plant.3. The roots grow into soil and hold the plant. They take water and nutrients from the soil.4. The flower part includes pollen, petals and seeds. The flower make seeds by pollen (a powder). Most of them use pollen from other flowers. Petals attract insects to help them move pollen.Vocabulary1. Physical characteristic n. 体型特征2. meet their need v. 满足他们的需求3. Sunlight n. 阳光4. Stem n. 茎5. Flower n. 花朵6. Pollen n. 花粉7. Petal n. 花瓣8. Seed n. 种子9. Powder n. 粉末10. Attract v. 吸引What are some plant life cycles?Main ideaAll plants have life cycles.They begin with seed, and then grow to a plant.Plants flower to make seeds.Science knowledge (1) the knowledge about plants1. Different plants grow in different time.2. Some trees can live hundreds of years.3. Some plants dont have flowers (e.g. pine tree, the seeds are in its cone).4. The fruit grows around the seed to protect them. (2) how the seed grow1. The tiny plant is inside a seed.2. The seed germinates. It become a seedling.3. The stem grow upward towards light.4. The plant grow more root and leaves.5. The plant grow flowers. It makes seeds.Vocabulary1. Germinate v. 发芽2. Seedling n. 幼苗3. Cone n. 松果4. Flower n. 花，花朵 v. 开花5. Upward adj. 向上的 adv. 向上地6. Hundreds of 成百上千 Thousands of 成千上万7. Life cycle n. 生命周期Unit4 EnvironmentsHow do environments change over time?Main ideaEnvironment change over time due to many influences.Natural event (fire.) can harm the environments.We harm the environment by polluting them.Small changes can change the entire environment.Science knowledge (1) How can fire change the environment?1. Fires or some other thing can change the environment.2. It burns the tree and kills the animals.3. The change wont last forever. Animals return and plants grow. (2) How do plants (kudzu) or animal change environment.1. The kudzu grow very fast, and leaving no sunshine for other plants.2. Plants around it die because they dont have sunshine.3. Beavers build dam, which blocks the dam.4. It make a pond. (3) what people do effect the environment1. We need resources to meet our needs.2. We can help the environment by 1. Plant more trees. 2. Reduce trash and keep it clean.3. We harm the environment by 1. Cut down trees. 2. Pollution and trash harm the environment.Vocabulary1. Change sth entirely = change the entire + sth. 彻底改变某物2. Due to 由于，因为3. Kudzu n. 野葛 4. Leave no sth. For sb. 用尽某物不留给某人5. Dam n. 堤坝 Beaver n. 河狸6. Resources n. 资源7. Influence n. 影响8. Natural event n. 自然事件How do environmental changes affect living things?Main ideaNatural events such as fire, flood and drought can affect living things.People can do thing to help or to harm the living things.Science knowledge (1). How can natural events affect the environment1. Lightening and other events cause fire to burn. Fire destroy animals habitats. Pinecones need fire to open. But it also clear space for new plants to grow. 2. Erosion can move sand and rocks. Habitats for us and animals disappear. Too less or too much water can cause drought or flood. (2). How can animals or plants affect the environment?1. By building shelters.2. Some plants take over all the space and make it harder for other plants to live.3. Some animals cause diseases. (3) How do we affect the environment?1. We use resources and cause pollution.2. We build dams to control the water.3. We also help them in many ways.Vocabulary1. Flood n.洪水2. Drought n. 干旱3. Erosion n. 侵蚀4. Shelter n. 避难所5. Take over 接管6. Cause sth to happen 导致某事发生7. In a . Way 以一种的方式 in a special wayUnit 5How are living things adapted to their environment?Main ideaPlants and animals have adaption for living in different environments.Adoptions help living things survive.Science knowledge (1) how do different kinds of animals adapt and protect.1. Camels live in places that are dry and sandy. They got long eyelashes to keep sand out of their eyes.2. Penguins have a thick layer of fat to keep them warm.3. Skunks release a strong scent.4. The leaf insect looks like a leaf (2) how do plants protect and adapt?1. Rain forest plants have large leaves to get sunlight.2. Cacti have a thick stem to store water.3. Some plants have thorns to prevent animals from eating.4. Some plants taste bad.Vocabulary1. A layer of 一层2. Adapt v. 适应 Adaption = something that help a living thing to survive.3. Thorn n. 尖刺4. Scent n. 气味5. Eyelashes n. 眼睫毛6. Daffodil n.水仙花7. Prevent n. 阻止What are ecosystems?Main ideaAn ecosystem is made of plants, animals, water, soil and other things.Living and Non-living things depend on each other in an ecosystem.Habitats are where a population lives.Science knowledgeThe ecosystem on land and water1. Plants and animals help each other in the ecosystem. (details in U1)2. Many animals and plants live in a ecosystem.3. There are food chains in every ecosystems. Animals eat plants or animals.4. The underwater ecosystem are made by tiny animals called corals.Vocabulary1. Community n. 群落，社区2. Habitat n. 栖息地 inhabitant n. 居民，住户 Habitable n. 适宜居住的3. Ecosystem n. 生态系统4. Corals n. 珊瑚5. Population n. 种群