地道的写作进阶词汇.doc

社会类重点词汇 1. urbanization城市化2. centralization集中化3. imbalance不平衡4. in the long run从长远角度而言5. infrastructure基础设施6. booming繁荣发展的7. tertiary industry第三产业8. tranquility宁静9. revenue税收10. commercialization商业化11. traffic congestion交通拥挤12. water scarcity水短缺13. the environmental pollution环境污染14. over-industrialization过度工业化15. over-crowdedness过度拥挤16. unemployment失业17. wealth distribution财富分配18. social instability社会动荡19. urban construction城市建设20. population explosion人口激增21. a rising crime rate犯罪率上升22. drain of energy and resources能源和资源消耗23. offer more job opportunities提供更多的就业机会24. a rapid pace of life快节奏生活25. stress-related illnesses与压力有关的疾病26. high cost of living高额生活费用27. pastoral life田园生活28. class polarization阶级两极分化29. social welfare社会福利30. give special care to 给予特殊关照31. urban sprawl城市扩张32. convenient transportation means便捷的交通工具33. better medical services更好的医疗服务34. pressure of modern life in city城市生活压力35. be vulnerable to 易于患上36. melting pot熔炉37. on the brink of 处于边缘38. pollutant污染性物质39. waste disposal废物处理40. put the blame on 归咎于41. be attributable to 归因为42. ways of consumption消费方式43. suffer heavy losses遭受重大损失44. citizen居民45. be confronted with面临着46. breed crimes滋生犯罪47. vicious cycle恶性循环48. a feasible measure一种可行的措施49. give priority to 优先考虑50. city planners城市规划者 51. endanger social stability and safety危害社会稳定和安全52. save resource节省资源53. flourishing繁荣昌盛的54. speed up加速55. relieve the pressure of缓解的压力56. advocate the management of resources倡导资源管理57. benefit from从中受益58. put forward valuable suggestions提出宝贵建议59. play a major role in easing traffic 在缓解交通压力上扮演了重要角色60. participate in the reconstruction of the city参与城市重建61. raise the environmental management level提高环境管理水平62. create a pleasant ecological environment创造出一种和谐的生态环境63. give priority to优先关注64. catch much attention引起很大关注65. resource allocation资源配置66. perfect the construction of urban infrastructure完善城市基础设施建设67. reduce the number of vehicles减少车辆68. implement strict vehicle emission standards制定严格的汽车排放标准69. reduce waste减少浪费来源：考试大70. eliminate poverty and backwardness消除贫穷与落后71. prevent and control pollution预防和控制污染72. reinforce the conservation of water and soil加强水土保护73. keep ecological balance维护生态平衡74. adopt environmental protection technique采取环保技术75. create a healthy cultural environment创造出一种更加健康的文化氛围76. strengthen the regulation and monitoring加强监督和管理77. enhance the governmental intrusion加大政府干预性措施78. promote legislative regulations促进立法管理79. establish and perfect the social security system建立和完善社会的安全体系80. give special care to给某人或某物特别的关照81. Map out (work out) a blueprint of 制定出的发展蓝图82. impose some restrictions on对实施限制83. Increase the inputs in 加大对的投入84. arouse peoples awareness of唤醒人们的意识85. take some preventive (remedial) measures采取一些预防（补救）措施86. enforce on-the-spot penalties采取立即惩罚性措施87. play the role of media充分的发挥媒体的作用88. take proper guidance and support采取恰当的引导和支持89. impose heavier penalty on对实施严格的惩罚90. set down effective laws制定积极有效的法律91. urban planning 城市规划来源:考试大网92. Result in shortage of energy and natural resources导致了能源和自然资源的短缺93. Break the ecological balance破坏了生态的平衡94. Be harmful to our physicaland mental health对我们的身心健康有害95. Contaminate the environment污染环境96. promote the sustainable development of the city促进城市的可持续性发展97. Greenhouse effect温室效应98. strengthen pollution control加强污染控制99. popularize environmental protection knowledge普及环保知识100. Burning迫在眉睫的环保类重点词汇 1.vivisection活体解剖2.perform. experiments on animals在动物身上做试验3.test animals用于实验的动物4.be subjected to experiments被迫接受试验5.animal rights动物权利6.clinical research临床研究7.cruel残忍的8.extremist极端主义者9.medical research医学研究10. origin of species物种起源11. alternative method替代的方法12. biological diversity生物多样性13. natural balance自然平衡14. equilibrium of ecosystem生态平衡15. coexistence共存16. endangered animals濒危动物17. diversity of species物种多样性18. shameless令人羞愧的19. barbaric野蛮的20. live and let live活着就是与万物共存21. meaningless没有意义的22. dominant species优势物种23. laboratory实验室24. vaccine疫苗25. infringement践踏26. right to live生存权27. torture折磨28. anti-science反科学的29. life-threatening diseases危及生命的疾病30. scientific gains科学成果31. an ever-lasting theme一个永恒的主题32. evolution进化33. computer simulation电脑模拟34. groundless没有理由的35. humane人道的36. medical technology医疗技术37. anatomy解剖38. equal公平的39. unreliable不可信赖的40.valid有效的、正当的41.usher in a brand-new lifestyle.带来一种崭新的生活方式42.enrich peoples spiritual life丰富了人们的精神生活43. Lead to the extinction of some species导致了一些物种的灭绝44. penetrate every corner of our life and be impressive渗透到了生活的方方面面并且给我们留下了深刻的印象45. protection of wild animals野生动物保护46. provide habitats for a huge number of wild animals and plants给野生动植物提供栖息地47.1make an important step迈出重要一步48. Endangered animals 濒危动物49. Diversity of species物种多样性50. advocate civilized lifestyle.倡导文明的生活方式51. intensified competition激烈的竞争52. be based on基于53. Set (present) a bad example to给某人树立了坏的榜样54. Be a root of all evil是万恶之源55. maintain a natural balance维护了自然平衡56. meet the demands of people迎合和满足了人们的需求57. Account for解释或者占到58. protect and improve the living environment and the ecological environment 保护和促进生存环境和生态环境59. seize opportunities抓住机遇60. devote oneself to投身于61. be dedicated to致力于62.mirror human civilization体现人类文明63. share views similar to与持有相同的观点64. help each other forward携手共进65. have cooperative ties with与有合作关系66. be a direct result of是的直接结果67.have no apparent connection to与没有显著关系68. deserve to be mentioned值得一提69.pattern of life生活方式70. to ones hearts content称心如意71. filled with confidence and strength充满信心和力量72. create the course of开创了的历程73. enter a new period进入新时期74.have a far-reaching impact on对产生了深远的影响75. pursue progress追求进步76. look forward to the bright future展望未来77.be accustomed to习惯于78. give full play to充分发挥79.emotional comfort情感慰藉80.rely on依赖工作类重点词汇 1.ambitious雄心壮志的、野心勃勃的2.adaptability适应性3.adapt oneself to 使自己适应4.prosperity繁荣来源：5.be disadvantageous to 对不利6.flow of personnel人才流动7.mechanism of personnel flow人才流动机制8.survival of the fittest适者生存9.a sense of accomplishment成就感10. potentiality潜能11. learn to cooperate and compromise学习合作和妥协12. be deeply impressed with 对印象很深13. company philosophy企业文化14. flexibility灵活性15. competitive竞争激烈的16. arena舞台来源:考试大网17. team-work spirit团队合作精神18. treasure opportunity珍惜机会19. a fat salary收入颇丰20. a harmonious interpersonal relationship和谐的人际关系21. a sense of responsibility责任感22. material gains物质待遇23. promising future光明的前途24. bright prospect光明的前景25. a challenging job一份具有挑战性的工作26. turning point转折点27. be closely related to 与息息相关28. get advanced in the society出人头地29. a decent job一份体面的工作30. chance of promotion升迁机会31. stability and satisfaction稳定感和满足感32. keep skills fresh and up-to-date使技能可以不断更新33. expand ones horizon开阔视野34. balance work and life平衡工作和生活35. from-nine-to-five朝九晚五一族36. shoulder/undertake ones responsibility承担起自己的责任37. upgrade oneself提升自我38. a well-paid job高收入工作39. creative work创造性工作40. stand up to/meet the challenge迎接挑战41. realize the value of life实现人生价值42. enrich ones social experience丰富一个人的社会阅历43. cultivate ones independence and toughness培养自己的独立性和坚韧性44. seek for personal development追求个人发展45. display ones talent展示才能46. a sense of self-fulfillment自我实现感47. promotion opportunity提升机会48. meet ones personalized needs满足某人个性化需求49. define ones role确定自己的角色50. social recognition社会认可51. accumulate experience获取经验52. inspiring鼓舞人心的53. motivation动机54. workaholic工作狂55. working environment工作环境56. work overtime加班57. improve ones capabilities提高某人能力58. develop ones talents培养才智59. ideal workplace理想工作场所60.master interpersonal skills掌握人际交往技能健康类词汇healthy lifestyle健康的生活方式sedentary lifestyle久坐的an active lifestyle积极锻炼的excessive intake of吃过多的fast food快餐convenience food方便食品diabetes, diarrhea, respiratory diseasenutrition营养balanced diet均衡的饮食protein蛋白质vitamin维生素fibre纤维mineral矿物质incurable disease绝症depression抑郁症obesity肥胖症stress-related diseases和压力有关的疾病therapy （非药物）治疗treatment 治疗运动好处Relieve=ease=alleviate 减轻（stress）aerobic exercises有氧运动vigorous有活力的energetic经历充沛的refreshing提神的refresh your mind and body 提神train your muscle肌肉improve blood circulation血液循环increase flexibility提高灵活性drain 排出cultivate stamina and persistence培养耐力和毅力develop teamwork spirit 培养团队合作精神conduce to physical fitness身体健康jeopardize= damage 危害交通类词汇 means of public transport 交通方式traffic conditions are worsening=deteriorating. 交通状况恶化traffic regulations=codes交通规则obey遵守violate=break违背traffic congestions=traffic jamsheavy traffic拥挤的交通light traffic比较畅通的交通,crowded street拥挤的道路vehicle车辆观点:adopt effective transport strategies采取有效的交通策略relieve the pressure on traffic减轻交通方面的压力encourage people to use public transport, 鼓励大家使用公交carpool拼车build more cycle lanes 自行车道,encourage Park and Ride 停车换乘raise fuel price 提高油价impose=put higher tax 征收高额的税subsidize=fund public transport 补贴公交city council市政府法律类词汇总结与分析 关于英法法系中的基本法律部门归纳：CONSTITUTIONAL LAW 宪法CRIMINAL LAW 刑法CRIMINAL PROCEDURE 刑事诉讼法CONTRACTS 合同法来源：考试大TORTS 侵权法CIVIL PROCEDURE 民事诉讼法CORPORATIONS 公司法EVIDENCE 证据法PROPERTY 物权法【虽然有这么多的法律部门，但雅思考试当中最为常见的还是刑法类（犯罪类）的题目。】需要牢记和理解的相关词汇有：Commission of a Crime 犯罪Criminal Responsibility 刑事责任Joint Crime 共同犯罪Punishments 刑罚Public Surveillance 管制 Criminal Detention 拘役Fixed-term Imprisonment 有期徒刑Life Imprisonment 无期徒刑Death Penalty 死刑Financial Penalty 罚金Confiscation of Property 没收财产 Sentencing 判决Recidivist 累犯Voluntary Surrender 自首 Parole 假释State Security 国家安全 Public Security 公共安全Fake or Inferior Commodities 伪劣产品 Smuggling 走私Fraud 诈骗Infringing upon Intellectual Property 侵犯知识产权 Undermining Protection of Environment or Resources 破坏环境 Producing Drugs 制毒Obscene Articles 淫秽物品larceny 盗窃robbery 抢劫写作连接词妙用连词如but, and,后接句子，连接并列句时前面逗号可有可无。当然连词也可放句首，这一点在考官范文里有很多体现。例：In the past, populations were partly regulated by frequent war and widespread disease, but in recent years the effects of those factors have been diminished. (并列句中的连词)段落开始： But how should it be achieved ( 连词放句首)介词如before, despite：后接名词或动名词例：Before talking about the essential role of death penalty, you have to think about the meaning, and the purpose, of any kind of punishment.副词副词连接并列句，前面用句号或分号，后面用逗号（当然，如果副词前用句号，那就是另起一句了，不称之为并列句）例：In many places today, children start primary school at around the age of six or seven. However, because it is more likely now that both parents work, there is little opportunities for children to stay in their own home up to that age.( 副词另起一句)The crime rate is increasingly high; therefore, the government needs to enforce more laws to curb this situation. ( 副词在并列句中)短语如on the contrary, in addition：用法和副词用法完全一样例：They feel this is one area of life where they have the right to make decisions for themselves. For that reason, it would seem that the best approach would be work by persuasion rather than compulsion.The government plays a crucial role in scientific research; on the other hand, private companies hold certain advantages in conducting scientific research. ( 短语在并列句中)1、因果关系根据词性及用法可归结于:1. because / since/ as / for, so (连词),2. because of/ due to / owing to/ as a result of (介词)3. for that reason/as a result/ therefore/ accordingly (短语和副词)例：I think the amount of waste produced is also as a result of our tendency to use sth once and throw it away. （可代替词汇because of/ due to / owing to）2、转折关系根据词性及用法可归结于1. but/ while/ yet/ whereas(连词)2. however/ nonetheless/ nevertheless/ on the other hand （副词和短语）3. rather/ instead （副词）4. rather than/ instead of （介词）例：Because it is more likely now that both parents work, there is little opportunity for children to stay in their own home to 6 or 7. Instead, they will probably go to