人教版九年级英语Unit15重难点解析.doc

Unit 15 重难点解析单词解析1. enormous 巨大的，庞大的Long ago enormous animals lived on the earth.She stood alone on the enormous stage.拓展 enormous既可以指体积，数量和程度等的巨大，庞大；也可以用来描写庞大的物件，表示超出正常的程度或比例。例如 The fat man often eats enormous desserts when no one is at home. 辨析 giant, huge 与large giant通常指人高大出众或物体庞大，也可指力量。 huge指体积或数量大得超过一般 large指体积，面积，程度，容量，数目等大；指人时表示体态高且肥胖。 练习 用enormous或huge填空（1） 这些想法给他带来无穷的乐趣。These thoughts gave him _ pleasure.（2） 你知道那个博物馆有多大吗？Do you know how _ the museum is?2. vegetation （某一个地方的）全部植物，植被 不可数名词练习 用vegetation或vegetable填空（1） My little brother enjoys eating _ sandwiches.（2） The _ and the forests can hold the soil.3. suitable 合适的，适宜的These films are suitable for adults only.拓展 suitable的动词形式是suit，与fit都有合适之意，但也有区别，fit是指大小尺寸合适，而suit则是表示衣服穿着好看，包括款式和花式都合适。短语搭配 sb. be suitable for sth I dont think I should be suitable for the job. sth. be suitable to sb The work was not suitable to me. sb. be fit for sth The new manager isnt fit for his position.练习 （1）What time is _ for us to meet? Can it be OK this afternoon? A. fit B. suitable C. good D. lucky ( 2 ) This wine is not _ to my taste. A. fit B. suitable C. good D. lucky ( 3 ) I dont think he is really _ for this job. A. fit B. suit C. take D. hold4. educate 教育，培养拓展 education 名词 教育，不可数名词辨析 educate 与teach teach表示在指导下进行的学习过程，包括布置作业，训练学习，提供范例等；含义是直接教某人知识或技能。 例如I taught her to ride a bicycle. I teach my son English at home. educate指范围要广泛的学习过程，比teach语气正式。内容不那么具体，强调教育的总目标和培养的结果，体现在世界观，性格，品质，学识等方面，耗时较长，范围较广，侧重对潜在能力的开发。练习 完成句子。（1） 在学校教学不容易。Its not easy _ at school.（2） 你应该教育孩子注意行为举止。You should _ your children to mind their manners.urge 强烈要求，竭力主张短语urge sb to do sth例如I urge you to tell him the truth.urge that sb. (should/would) do sth.例如 He urged that they (would/should) go to Europe.拓展 urge还可以表示鼓励，促使练习 （1）They urged the workers _ late so that they could finish their work ahead of time. A. work B. working C. to work D. worked ( 2 ) I urged that he _ her if possible. A. see B. saw C. to see D. seeing6. spare 多余的，空闲的 He has nothing to do in his spare time. You can stay in the spare room tonight. 拓展 spare 还可表示备用的 例如 Every car should carry a spare tire. 练习 翻译句子（1） 我们有间备用的客人住宿的卧室。_.（2） 她有一些活钱。_.（3） 阅读占去了他大部分的空间时间。_.短语解读 care for1. 关心，照顾 相当于 take care of， look after2. 喜爱，重视例如 She doesnt care for that color.辨析 care for与 care about1. 表示为。担忧时，可互换。Dont care for/about me.2. care about主要用来表示对。感兴趣，关心，在乎，常用于否定句。I dont care about what people think.3. care for主要用来表示喜欢，照顾。She doesnt seem to care for him.Small children are well cared for in nurseries when their parents are working.练习 完成句子1. 我们必须关怀年青的一代。_2. 晚饭后去散散步好吗？_句子解读1. In 1972, it was discovered that they are endangered.(P119) 1972年，人们发现它们已经濒于灭绝。was discovered是一般过去时的被动语态，discover“发现”，近义词为find和invent。【友情链接】discover, invent与finddiscover指发现过去所不知道的东西，新奇或意外的东西。Coal was first discovered and used in China.中国首先发现并使用了煤。Columbus discovered America on the 12th of October, 1492.1492年10月12日，哥伦布发现了美洲。invent意为“发明”，即创造出以前从未存在过的东西。Edison invented the electric lamp.爱迪生发明了电灯。Radio had just been invented then.那时无线电刚刚发明出来。find意为“找到”，侧重于找到过去丢失的人或物，但有时也表示凭经验或偶然发现了一种东西。Today, corn is found all over the world.今天，全世界都有了玉米。She found him a very good pupil.她发现他是个非常好的学生。有时find和discover可以互相替代，意思相同。His notebook was found/discovered in the desk.他的笔记本是在课桌里找到的。2. Some of the swamps have become polluted. (P119)一些沼泽地受到了污染。have become polluted 中的become是连系动词，polluted是过去分词。这种“系动词+过去分词”结构，意思上也接近被动语态。The soldier got wounded(接近were wounded)in the battle.这几名战士在这场战斗中受了伤。A few minutes later, the ground became/was covered with snow.几分钟后地上尽是雪。3. They provide homes for many endangered animals. (P120)他们为许多濒临灭绝的动物提供家园provide是及物动词，意为“提供”，“供给”。表示“提供人物件”是provide.with.；“提供给人”是provide.for.。The school provides us with all the materials we need.学校提供我们所需要的一切资料。We are provided with everything we need for work.我们被提供了工作所需要的一切。The school provides all the books we need for us.学校为我们提供我们需要的书籍。【友情提示】 provide for是“供养”的意思。He has a large family to provide for. 他要养活一个大家庭。练习 On that Sunday, his landlady provided a rich dinner _ him which made him surprised. A. with B. for C. to D. of4. .and help to educate the public about caring for them. (P120)并且帮助教育公众关爱它们。care for表示“喜欢”，“关心”之意，后接名词或v-ing形式作宾语，take care of也有这个意思。He cared nothing for skating. 他对滑冰没有兴趣。In our class, we care for each other. 在我们班上，我们相互关心。Maria takes good care of everybody. 玛丽亚很关心大家。【友情链接】care for还可以表示“照顾”，“照料”，相当于take care of或look after。At night he fed and cared for the cattle. 夜里他照料牲口，给牲口喂食。You must care for yourselves.=You must look after yourselves.你们要照顾好自己。The children are well cared for in the nurseries.=The children are taken good care of in the nurseries.孩子们在托儿所受到很好的照顾。5. turn off the shower while you are washing your hair. (P121)洗头的时候关掉淋浴。（1）turn off表示“关掉”，用在关掉收音机，煤气，自来水等场合。与其相关的几个短语是turn on“打开”，turn down“关小”，turn up“开大”。（2）句中while与when是同义词，都可以用从属连词，引导状语从句表示时间，意思都是“当（在）的时候”，但二者之间是有区别的。【友情链接】while与when的用法 when的含义是at or during the time that,既可用于指一点时间（从句的谓语动词需用终止性动词），也可用于指一段时间（从句的谓语动词用延续性动词），从句与主句里面的谓语动词所表示的动作或状态能同时发生，或一先一后发生。He wants to help people when they are ill.他想在人们生病的时候帮助他们。When he got to Shanghai, the ship had already set off.他到达上海时，轮船已经开走了。 while的含义是during the time that,只能用于指一段时间（从句的谓语动词必须是延续性的），从句与主句里面的谓语动词所表示的动作只能同时发生，不能一先一后发生。While I was reading, my mother was washing clothes.我读书时，妈妈在洗衣服。这两个词还可以用作并列连词。when表示“在那时”或“这时突然”，相当于and just at that time的意思，用来连接两个并列分句，有时when分句之前有逗号把前后两个分句分开。I stayed till sunset, when it began to rain.我一直呆到太阳下山，这时天开始下雨了。 while意为“而”，“却”，表示对照关系。Some like collecting stamps, while others like planting flowers.有些人喜欢集邮，而有些人却喜欢种花。6. You have probably never heard of Amy Winterbourne. (P122) 你可能从来没有听说过Amy Winterbourne。【知识归纳】hear, hear from, hear of与hear that clause的用法：（1）hear单独使用表示“听见”，“听到”，常用的结构有： hear sb/sth“听到某人或某物的声音”。I cant hear you at all. 我根本就听不到你的声音。Havent you heard anything? 难道你没有听到什么声音？ hear sb do sth“听到某人做某事”。I often hear Li Ping read English in the morning.我经常在早晨听到李平读英语。 hear sb doing sth“听到某人正在做某事”。I heard him singing in the next room.我听见他正在隔壁房间里唱歌。特别提示hear sb do sth指听到整个行动或整个事件；而hear sb doing sth是指听到了行动的一部分，有正在发生的意思。试比较：I heard the boy go down the stairs.我听到这个男孩走下楼去。I heard the boy going down the stairs我听到这个男孩下楼的声音。（2）hear from意为“收到的信”；“得到消息”。How often do you hear from your father? 你每隔多久收到你父亲的信？Have you still not heard from him? 你还没有收到他的信吗？I havent heard from him since he telephoned.自从他打电话以来，我一直没有他的消息。特别提示hear from的宾语是表示人的名词或代词，而不是表示信件的名词。魔力纠错我们好几个星期未收到他的信了。误：We havent heard from his letter for weeks.正：We havent heard from him for weeks.正：We havent got a letter from him for weeks.（3）hear of意为“听说”，后面接名词，代词或动名词。Ive never heard of that before.我以前从未听说过那件事。She disappeared and was never heard of again.她不知去向了，再未听到她的消息。（4）hear接从句，是“听说”的意思。One day, the Smiths heard that there was a good doctor in a town not far away.一天，史密斯一家听说不远的镇里有一位好医生。I hear that one of the pandas has a baby.7. She is a most unusual woman. (P122)她是一个十分不寻常的女性。【知识归纳】a most, the most与most的用法（1）a most的用法。在“a most+形容词+名词”结构中，most是副词，意为“很，非常”，相当于very,用来修饰它后面的形容词，本句就是这一用法。Guilin is a most beautiful city.桂林是座非常美丽的城市。This is a most interesting story.这是一个非常有趣的故事。（2）the most 的用法在“the most+形容词+名词”结构中,most 是副词，表示程度，意为“最”，与其后的形容词一起构成形容词的最高级。He is one of the most famous writers in China. 他是中国最著名的作家之一。This is the most difficult (one) of the three. 这是这三者中最难的。在“动词+the most”结构中，most 也是副词，其作用和意思是“最”其位置通常在动词后。They like English the most. 他们最喜欢英语。（3）most 通常有两种用法在“most+副词或形容词”结构中，most 是副词，意为“很，非常，十分”。I shall most certainly go there. 我十分肯定会到那里去。在“most+名词”结构中，most 是形容词，意为“大部分的，大多数”或“最多的”。Most students like English. 大多数学生喜欢英语。Who has (the) most books among you?你们中谁的书最多？8. The walls are made from old glass bottles that are glued together. (P122) 墙是由旧玻璃瓶粘在一起建成的。be made from/of意为“由（原料）制成”，后面一般接物质名词。接from则表示某物品制成后，已看不出原材料是什么，原材料在制作过程中已起了化学变化；接of表示某物品制成后，仍可看得出原材料，其原料在制作过程中未发生化学变化。例如 Wine is made from grapes. 葡萄酒是由葡萄制成的。The desk is made of wood. 这桌子是由木头做的。The shoes are made of cloth.这鞋子是用布做的。知识拓展 be made up of表示某物或某组织由一种种成分或一个个成员组成。The world is made up of matter.世界是由物质构成的。A TV set is made up of hundreds of different parts.电视机是由数百个不同的零件组装成的。 be made into意为“把做成”，主语在意义上为原材料，介词宾语在意义上为制成品。Bamboo is also made into paper.竹子也可以用来造纸。be made in意思是“在（地点）制造”，介词in后接产地。This kind of computer is made in the USA这种电脑是美国制造的。This printing machine was made in Beijing.这台印刷机是北京生产的。be made by意思是“由制造”，介词by后跟动作的执行者。This model ship is made by Uncle Wang. 这个轮船模型是由王叔叔制作的。9. Amy recently won an award from the Help Save Our Planet Society. (P122)艾米最近获得了“救助地球”协会的奖励。（1）recently 表示“最近”，既可以用于表示一段时间，也可以表示一点时间，多用于完成时态。Have you hear from Michael recently?你最近接到迈克尔的来信吗？Recently he has made quite a few mistakes. 最近他出了不少错。（2）won a award中award是 “奖”的意思，相关词语有prize，reward和scholarship，这几个词都与“奖”有关。（3）句中的win表示“赢”奖的意思。At the national amateur song-writing contest, he won a first-class award.在全国业余作曲比赛中，他获得了一等奖。win可表示“赢得比赛，战斗”等，宾语一般是比赛，竞赛，战争等名词，与beat近义。知识拓展win与beat的用法两者在表示“赢”，“胜”的意思时，后面所接的宾语有所不同。“赢比赛或一场战斗”用win；“赢某人”是beat。We won the match months ago. 几个月前，我们赢得那场比赛。Which side won the battle? 这一战谁打胜了？But still we werent sure we could beat them.但是我们还不能肯定我们能打赢他们。Dick beat John and won the game. 狄克打败了约翰，赢得了比赛。我听说其中一只熊猫生了个熊猫宝宝。10. If we dont support our zoos, they wont have enough money to take care of so many fine animals. 如果我们不支持动物园，他们（动物园）就不会有足够的钱去照顾那么多珍贵的动物。 （1）当if条件句表示将来的动作时，要使用一般现在时，而逐句则仍使用一般将来时. 例如 If the fine weather lasts for a few more days, well have enough time to harvest the rice in the fields. （2）so many fine animals 这里so修饰many，many修饰animalsso， such 可与that从句搭配，引出结果状语从句。拓展 （1）so形容词a/an单数名词；somany/few复数可数名词；somuch/little不可数名词。例如 Hes never read so good a book as his first one. He is so honest a boy that everyone likes him. There is so little water in the cup that we cant have enough to drink.（3） sucha/an形容词单数可数名词；such形容词复数可数名词；such形容词不可数名词。例如 Ive never seen such an interesting film. They are such honest boys that I like them. I hope never to have such bad experience again. 练习 （1）He is not _ clever a boy as his younger brother.（2）All _ possibilities must be considered.语法讲练过去分词与带有ed的形容词用法的区别 从形式上看，过去分词和带有ed形容词是一样的，但这种形容词一般都带有被动意味，含有受到影响而感到的意思，如 excited, discouraged, disappointed, interested, pleased, surprised, worried。过去分词一般用于完成时态和被动语态，含ed的形容词就相当于是一个形容词。 两者的主要不同表现在:1. 含义不同。被动语态强调动作，重点说明动作由谁完成，怎样完成；而ed形容词作表语通常用来描写情景，叙述人或事物的特征及所处的状态。例如The window is broken.The window is broken by him.2. 用法不同。ed形容词做标语可以被so，very，too等程度副词修饰，而被动语态则不能，而需要用much，very much， so much，too much修饰。 例如 He was very interested in science.I was so much surprised at the scene that I