与不同话题相关的词汇.doc

话题一：中学生的爱好与兴趣Sparetime(业余时间),favorite(最喜欢的),Interest(兴趣),hobby(爱好),appetite(嗜好),taste(口味),readnovels(也小说),playfootball/basketball(打足球/篮球),surftheinternet(上网),chatonline(在线聊天),playgames(玩游戏),collectstamps(集邮),makee-friends(交网友),climbmountains(爬山),watchTV(看电视),enjoypopularmusic(喜欢流行音乐),beinterestedin(对感兴趣),developaninterestin(在方面发展兴趣),befondof(喜欢),bekeenon(喜欢),havelovefor(喜爱),haveatastein(对有兴趣)等。 话题二：劳动与劳动观念 Work(工作),beatwork(在工作),workhard(努力工作),produce(生产),worker(工人),laborforce(劳动力),labor(劳动),voluntarylabor(义务劳动)，servethepeople(为人民服务)，heartandsoul(全心全意)，physicallabor(体力劳动),mentallabor(脑力劳动),laborviewpoint(劳动观念),laborDay(劳动节),workday(工作日),meansoflabor(劳动方式),honorable(光荣的),bedevotedto(奉献于.),value(价值),earnmoney(赚钱),personalinterests(个人利益)等。 话题三：创建和谐社会 harmonious(和谐的),friendly(友好的),civilized(文明的),honest(真诚的),credible(诚信的),bepublic-spirited(有公德心的),balanced(平衡的),beinorder(有序的),peaceful(和平的),liveinharmony(生活和谐),sustainabledevelopment(可持续发展)等，helpeachether(互助),careforeachother(互相关心),havedeeplovefor(热爱),beconcernedwith(关心),build(创建),cherish(珍惜),takeanactivepartin(积极参与),payattentiontosocialmoral(讲究社会公德),protecttheenvironment(保护环境),saveenergy(节省能源)等。Nopains,nogains.不劳无获。canbeachievedbyhardwok.可以通过劳动获得。Itisdifficulttofindworkinthepresentsituation.在当前形势下，很难找到工作。Itishonorableto是光荣的。Ifeveryoneforothersandthesociety,ourworldwillbe如果每个人为他人和社会做，我们这个世界将会。Everyoneshouldanddevoteshimselftobuildingourmotherlandintoastrongcountry.每个人应该，为把我们祖国建设成为一个强壮的国家而奉献自己的力量。 话题四：招聘与求职 employ(雇佣),lookfor(寻找),takein(吸纳),full-time(全职的),part-time(兼职的),well-paid(薪水高的),bepaidbythehour(按小时发工资),requirement(要求),rsum(个人履历),schooling(受教育情况),subjects(课程),workingexperience(工作经历),qualification(合格证明),transcript(成绩单),health(健康状况),presentaddress(现在通讯地址)等，applyfor(申请),graduatefrom(毕业于),majorin(以为专业),degree(学位),scholarship(奖学金),goodgrades(良好的成绩),hobby(爱好),favorite(最喜欢的),beskilledin(在方面熟练),begoodat(擅长),experienced(有经验的),confident(自信的),Englishandcomputerability(英语和计算机能力),healthy(健康的)等。话题五：中学生的健康问题Physicalandmentalcondition(身体与精神状态),strong(强壮的),un/healthy(不健康/健康的),overweight/fat(肥胖的),thin(瘦的),near/short-sighted(近视的),mentallyunhealthy(精神不健全的),normal(正常的),abnormal(不正常的),energetic(精力旺盛的),unhealthyeatinghabit(不健康的饮食习惯),eatmuchjunkfood(吃太多的垃圾食品)等，Stay/keephealthy/fit(保持健康),builduponesbody/improveoneshealth(强身健体),enoughsleep(充足的睡眠),takeregularexercise(进行有规律的运动),roperdiet(合理的饮食),goodlivinghabits(良好的生活习惯),loseweight(减肥),removeheavyburdens(减轻负担),begoodfor/dogoodto(对有益处),nutrition(营养),goondiet(节食),form.aeatinghabit(养成一个的饮食习惯)Breatheinasmuchfreshair等。 话题六：环境保护 Pollute（污染），Wasteisscatteringhereandthere.（到处撒满了废弃物），protecttheenvironment(保护环境)，sendoutsmokeandpoisonousgasesintotheair（散发出烟和有毒气体），cutdowntrees(砍伐树木)，pourwastewaterintotherivers（把废水注入河流），Itisashametothrowrubbisharound.（乱扔垃圾是可耻的），form.goodhabitstoprotectthesurroundings（养成良好的习惯来保护环境），takeactivemeasurestoprotectrareanimals(采取积极措施保护稀有动物)，takegoodcareofourforests（关心我们的森林），plantmoretreestoimprovetheenvironment（多植来改善环境），Theterriblepollutionhavedonegreatharmtousaswellastothesurroundings.(可怕的污染已经给我们自己还有我们的环境带来了很大的危害。) 话题七：校园文明与安全问题 Schoolrulesandregulations(学校规章制度),obey(遵守),observe(遵守),keep/observediscipline(遵守纪律),behavewell(表现良好),beneatlydressed(穿戴整洁),respectonesteachersandparents(尊敬师长),beontime(准时),keeptheenvironmentclean(保持环境干净),civilized(文明的)breaktherules(违反规章制度),discipline(纪律),spit(吐痰),throwrubbisheverywhere(乱扔垃圾),cheatintheexam(考试作弊),getinline(插队),fightwithsb.(与打架),punishsb.for(因处罚某人)等。Thestudentsaretoldnottobreakanyoftherulesoftheschool.学校要求学生不要违反任何规章制度。Thestudentsareexpectedto学校期望学生。Itmustbemadeclearthatthestudentsshould必须明确的一点是，学生应该。isofnogoodtoafriendlyandharmonioussociety.对创建友好和谐的社会是毫无益处的。Itishonorabletoobeytheprinciplesandrulesofourschool.遵守学校的规章制度是光荣的。Itisworthyofpraiseto.是值得表扬的。Itisshamefulto是可耻的。Whatweshoulddoisthat我们应该做的事情是 话题八：友谊 gettoknowsb.(认识某人),knowsb.reallywell(熟知某人),makefriendswithsb.(和某人交朋友),astrongpersonality(一个很强的个性),personalmatters(隐私),friendship(友谊),friendly(友好的),aclosefriend(一个亲密的朋友),trusteachother(相互信任),precious(珍贵的),worthy(有价值的),understanding(通情达理的),sharewithsb.(与分享),beloyalto(对忠诚),keepintouchwithsb.(与保持联系),keepcompanywithsb.(和结交),staybestfriendswithsb.(和保持很好的友谊)等。在描述此话题时常用的句型有： 1.Friendsgiveus朋友给予我们。 2.Agoodfriendissomeoneyoucan一位好朋友就是一个我们能够的人。 3.ThefirsttimeImet,hewas当我第一次遇到的时候，他。 4.Friendshipplaysanimportantpartin友谊在中扮演一个重要角色。 5.Youcantobeagoodfriend.你可以来成为别人的好朋友。 6.Wecanturnto.whenwefeeldown.当我们心情糟糕时，可以求助于。 7.makesagoodfriend.成就好朋友。 8.Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.患难见真知。 9.isoneofthethingspeoplevaluemostinafriend. 是人们在朋友身上最重视的东西。 10.haveafriendofyearswithsb.与有着年的友情。1.安全问题(safety) (1)交通(transportation)automobile汽车vehicle车辆bicycle自行车pedestrian行人violate/ignoretrafficregulations违反/不注意交通规则highway公路roadaccident交通事故drunkdriving酒后驾车speeding超速overloading超载 (2)自然灾害(naturaldisasters)flood洪水/发洪水economiclosses经济损失disaster灾难excessiverainfalls过多的降雨forestcoverage森林覆盖率soilerosion水土流失drought干旱deforestation森林的滥砍滥伐conservationofwaterandsoil水土保持Preventionisbetterthancure.防患于未然 2.素质教育(Faculty/QualityEducation) (1)诚信(Honesty)principle原则morality道德sincerity诚实thebasisforsocialprogress社会进步的基础nationalcharacter民族精神socialcustoms社会传统dishonesty不诚实，欺骗corruption腐败cheat欺骗demoralization不道德 (2)艰苦朴素(hardshipandsimplicity)thrifty节俭frugal节俭的saving节约virtue美德waste浪费vice罪恶的extravagant奢侈的ashamedof可耻的developingcountry发展中国家direpoverty极端贫困 3.价值观(Valueofconcept) (1)学习(learning)crystallizationofhumanwisdom人类智慧的结晶well-educated/well-bred有教养的adapttothehigh-techera适应高科技时代broadenonesmind开拓视野Knowledgeisthekeytosuccess.知识是通向成功的钥匙Knowledgeispower.知识就是力量drawexperiencefromotherseffort从别人的努力中获得经验lifelonglearning终身学习awell-educatedperson受过良好教育的人 (2)工作(working)teamwork团队(精神)acompetent/qualifiedemployee合格的员工sociable,reliableandconfident开朗、诚实、自信industriousworker勤奋的工人boostworkingefficiency提高工作效率updateonesknowledge知识更新frustration挫折realizationofonesvalue实现自己的价值self-confidentinthecompetition在竞争中充满自信laborpool劳动力市场 (3)家庭(family)thequalityofhumanlife生活质量avariedlife多彩的生活highstandardofmarriage高质量婚姻familyharmony家庭和睦traditionalattitudestowardsmarriage对婚姻的传统观念divorcerate离婚率single-parentfamily单亲家庭cultivatethecommoninterests培养共同的爱好senseofresponsibility责任感sharethehousework分担家务 4.举办奥运(HostingtheOlympics) hostBejing2008Olympics主办北京2008年奥运会boostthenationalmorale提高民族士气enhanceChinasinternationalprestige提高中国的国际声望makeagreen,high-techandcleanerOlympiad办成一次绿色、科技含量高、干净(公平)的奥运会muchworktobedonetosolvetheproblemsofpollutionandtransportation解决污染和交通问题还有很多工作要做providethebestservicetoallparticipants为所有参加者提供最好的服务maketheGamesashowcaseofourprosperous,powerfulandnation通过奥运会展示我们国家的繁荣与强大实力modernizetheinfrastructureofBeijing兴建北京现代化的设施fairplay公平竞争eliminatestimulantabuse,scandalsandracialdiscrimination.清除滥用兴奋剂、丑闻和种族歧视5.关注弱势群体(Caringforthedisadvantaged) (1)贫苦农民(poorfarmers)povertyandbackwardness贫穷落后hardstruggleagainstpoverty挣扎在贫困线上striveforsurvival为生存而斗争percapitaincome人均收入loseonesfarmland失去耕地governmentpolicy政府决策anti-povertyprogram脱贫计划employmodernfarmingtechnology使用现代化的耕种技术giveprioritytoagriculture农业优先increaseeducationinvestment增加教育投入 (2)下岗职工(laid-offworkers)unemployment失业bedisplaced/laidoff下岗re-employment再就业thetransitionofeconomy经济转轨theplanned/marketeconomy计划/市场经济job-orientedproject就业培训计划developprivateenterprises发展私营企业importforeigninvestment引进外资exportlabors劳动力输出maintainsocialstability保持社会稳定 (3)孤寡老人(theaged)theincreaseofpensioners退休人员增多theproblemofaging老龄化问题thepopulationof64andover64岁和64岁以上的人口besubjectedtoatoughtest受到严峻的考验theincreaseofbirthrateandthedecreaseofthedeathrateduetothemedicalprogress医疗进步使出生率增加，死亡率下降thetrendhasbecomemoreandmoreobvious趋势越来越明显socialsecuritysystem社会保障制度increaseproductivity提高生产率bringaboutprofoundsocialandeconomicconsequences产生深远的社会和经济影响makelong-termpolicy制定长远政策 6.社会改革(Socialreforms) (1)教育(education)educationformthebasisoftechnologicaladvancement.教育是科技进步的基础ThefutureofChinadependsontheeducationoftheyoung.中国的未来在于对年轻一代的教育gain/get/obtain/receiveformaleducation受到正规教育compulsoryeducation义务教育charactereducation性格教育promotehighereducation促进高等教育vocationaleducation职业教育ProjectHope希望工程systemofeducation教育体系diversityofknowledgeandskills知识技能多样化 (2)医疗(medicalservices/care)medicalethics医德publicheathservices公费医疗medicalhealthservices医疗medicalinsurance医疗保险rousethepublicawarenessofhealthcare唤起公众医疗保健意识medicalinnovation医疗创新drugabuseandAIDS毒品与爱滋病improvemedicalconditionsintheruralareas改善农村的医疗条件medicalreforms医疗改革medicinalsafety用药安全 (3)社会保障(socialsecurity)socialsecuritysystem社会保障体系insuranceonmedicalcare,pensionandunemployment三险perfectthesocialsecuritynetwork完善社会保障体系improvethelivingstandard提高生活水平maintainsocialstability保持社会稳定increasechancesofemployment增加就业机会minimalwages最低工资vocationaltraining职业教育legalprotection法律保护socialsecurityfund社保基金7.社会问题(Socialproblems)(1)耕地减少(farmlandshrinking)farmlandlosses耕地流失oneofthevitalresourcesforthesurvivalofhumanbeings人类生存的至关重要的资源irreversiblenaturalresources不可再生的自然资源statisticsshowthatChinahaslost2.27millionacresofgoodlandform1987to2001.统计表明从1987到2001年，中国已经失去2百27万公顷的优质耕地Muchfarmlandhasbeeneatenawaybyapartmentblocks,highwaysandgolfcourts.很多耕地被楼盘、公路和高尔夫球场蚕食。Farmersbecomelandless,joblessandhomeless.农民失去了土地、没有了工作，边得无家可归。Thiswillultimatelycontributetotheexpansionofthegapbetweenthepoorandtherich.这将最终导致贫富分化的扩大。Somethingmustbedonetostopfarmlanderosion.必须采取措施制止滥用耕地。Protectingourlimitedfarmlandisamatterofextremeurgent.保护有限的耕地是当务之急。Farmlandshrinkingposesaseriousthreattothesocialstability.耕地的减少对社会安定构成威胁。 (2)贫富差距扩大(wideninggapbetweentherichandthepoor)thedevelopedopencoastalareasandtheunderdevelopedwest发达的沿海地区和不发达的西部地区Theimbalanceofresourcesandinformation资源和信息的不平衡Inequityineducationalopportunity教育机会不平等Mostoftheextremelypoorarelivinginthecountryside.多数极端贫困人口在农村。Nevertheless,theincreaseofurbanpaupersshouldnotbeignored.然而，城市贫民数量的增加也不容忽视。Reformsmustbereinforcedtohelpthepoortobetteroffrapidly.一定要加强改革是贫穷人口迅速富裕起来。Turnintothebetter-to-do进入小康narrowthedivisionbetweentherichandthepoor缩小贫富差距Educationisthebestcureforpoverty.教育是治愈贫困的良方。 8.新新人类与时尚(Theyoungergenerationandfashion) (1)网吧(netbar)Internetsurfing网上冲浪indulgedinelectronicgames沉溺于电子游戏lackofself-control缺乏自制力juveniledelinquency-violence,sexandcrime青少年犯罪-暴力、色情和犯罪fascinating,healthyandeducational奇妙的，健康的，有教育意义的fashionablehigh-techfruits时尚的高科技成果childreninthephysicalandmentalgrowth身体和智力正处在发展阶段的孩子Bysharinggames,wecompete,cooperateanddeveloponessocialskills通过分享游戏，我们竞争，合作，锻炼了社会技能。acquirethelatestnewshappeningintheworld获得全世界正在发生的最新消息moreefficientwaysofcommunication更有效的通讯方式 (2)超前消费(prematureconsumption)economicprosperity经济繁荣changesintheconceptofconsumption消费观念的改变traditionalconsumptionhabits传统消费习惯MostChinesepeoplearenotusedofspendingborrowedmoneywhilelivingwithdebt.大多数中国人不习惯借债过日子。expenditureofhousing,medicalinsurance,retirementpensionandeducation用于在住房、医疗保险、养老保险和教育的开支Thegovernmentencouragesindividualconsumption.政府鼓励个人消费。consumetoenjoythemoderncomfort消费来享受现代生活的舒适bemoderateinconsumption适度消费thequalityofahumanlife生活质量getaloanfromthebank从银行贷款9.生态环境恶化(Worseningenvironment) lossofthewaterandsoil水土流失deforestation滥砍滥伐desertification沙漠化globalwarming全球变暖damageoftheozonelayer破坏臭氧层emitcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere向大气排放二氧化碳carexhaust汽车尾气destructionofenvironment破坏环境greenhouseeffect温室效应environmentalmonitoring/protection环境监测/保护integratedcontrolofenvironmentalpollution环境污染的综合治理raisethepublicawarenessofenvironmentalprotection提高公众的环保意识economic/legalpunishment经济/法律制裁 10.全球化的利弊(Advantagesanddisadvantagesofglobalization) accesstoWTO入世economicglobalization全球经济一体化most-favored-nationtreatment最惠国待遇havegreatimpactonthedomesticmarket对国内市场产生巨大影响bringhard-wonopportunities带来难得的机遇expandinternationaltrade扩大国际贸易benefitsfromtariffcuts从关税降低中获益doharmtodomesticagriculture对国内农业有损害protectinfantindustries保护新兴工业increasecompetitiveness增加竞争力 11.高科技话题(High-tech) (1)知识经济(knowledgeeconomy)thehighGDPgrowthGDP高速增长Scienceandtechnologyconstitutetheprimaryproductiveforce.科技是第一生产力Boostoureconomysascenttoanewhigh使我国的经济迈上一个新台阶。changeourwayofliving改变我们的生活方式copewiththeeconomicglobalization应对全球经济一体化takealeadin.领先promoteproductivity促进生产力的提高increaseinternationalcompetitiveness增加国际市场竞争力transformknowledgeintoproductivity将知识转化成生产力economictake-off经济腾飞 (2)科技的两面性(dualityofscienceandtechnology)liveamodernlifewit