英语四级考试自主听力技巧及对应策略.doc

英语四级考试自主听力技巧及对应策略大学英语四级考试将听力大题的分数权重提高了将近一倍，由原来占总分的20%到现在的35%。新4级考试题型改革，满分为710， 听力理解部分分值比例为35%，；其中听力对话15%，听力短文20%，总分249分。它由三个部分（section A、Section B和Section c）的四大题型组合而成。Section A共有两种题型，一种是短对话，一男一女对话后接一个问题，共8组；另一种是长对话，长对话有2组，一组对话有6-7个回合，另一组对话则有9-10个回合，较短的对话后有3个问题，较长的对话后有4个问题；Section B是三篇听力短文； Section C是复合式听写，一篇200多词的短文，留有11处空白，前8个空听写单词，后3个空听写短语或句子。Comprehension Skills in Short Conversations Sector短对话部分的听力问题和技巧短对话相对而言，内容短、信息量少，是得分点。虽然如此，由于种种原因，有的考生还是觉得做短对话困难重重。归结起来，不外乎下面几个原因：1刚刚进入听力部分的考试，精神难以马上集中；2由于对话短，稍有疏忽就错过重要信息，而且难以根据简短的上下文推断；3听到生词反应不及，慌张之下漏听其他信息；4在一道题的上思考太多时间，直到下面一题对话开始，结果瞬息间错过对话内容。5听不懂。以上种种原因，可以在平时模拟训练中做实战的练习来避免考试中这些情况。短对话包括明示题和暗示题。所谓明示题就是可以直接在所听内容中听到答案的；暗示题是指对话中没有直接说明答案，需要根据内容做一些推测、计算等。四级考试中暗示题是占大部分，但是仍然会出现少量明示题。而对于占绝大部分比重的暗示题可以按照问题类型又分为地点、关系和职业、数字计算、短语、条件、因果、请求建议、观点态度、话题主旨、推断判断等等。就这些题目，我们总结了以下一些解题技巧和策略：短对话的四个解题技巧:1. 可以利用录音正式开始之前的几分钟播放考试说明的时间,快速浏览选项,对所谈论的话题和相关的信息有个大概的了解。比如看到下面的选项:A) At the airport.B) In a restaurant.C) In a booking office.D) At the hotel reception.我们就可以推断这个题目很可能问的是对话发生的地点,属于地点类题型。所以我们在听的时候就要特别注意谈话的环境和对话中出现的关于场所的词语。在平时的学习中应掌握一些常用的句型。比如向他人提出建议或请求时,往往采用委婉的方式来表达。表示建议的常用句型:If I were you, Ill .Why dont you .? How about .? Maybe youd better .Perhaps we can .表示请求的常用句型:I wonder if you .Would / Could you tell me .?Ill appreciate it if you .2. 另外我们可以边听边做速记,当遇到一时难以判断的题时,可以等听力结束后再回过头来仔细推敲,避免在某一题上花太多时间。遇到内容较复杂的谈话时,记在不同选项旁的关键词可以帮助我们很快找到正确答案。比如在解答有关数字类的题目时,速记就显得尤为重要。3. 在把握细节的基础上,我们要全面掌握整体意思,排除貌合神考试&大离的选项。在所提供的四个选项中,有三个是干扰项,干扰项的设计通常是提供一个读音与对话中某一词组十分相似的选项或提供一个在对话中出现过的词,以达到干扰效果。例如:M: Registration always takes so long.W: What bothers me is all the people who cut in line.Q: What bothers the woman?A) Registration.B) When the line breaks.C) How long the line is.D) People who dont wait their turn.其中,B)、C)两项都出现了line一词,这是在对话中出现过的,许多考生可能被误导选B),而实际上让女士厌烦的是people who cut in line,因此选项D)People who dont wait their turn才是正确的。4. 最后需要指出的很重要的一点是:做听力题时,要注意谈话的环境,重点听主要信息和目的,不要试图听清每一个词。听力测试的设题目的是考查我们对于对话主要内容的全面把握,而不是像听写一样,去听清每一个词。Try out1. W: Carol made up for the time she missed by working overtime.M: Thats why I saw her working the weekend shift.Q: What did Carol do?A) Missed her friends. B) Worked over the weekend.C) Made up a story. D) Timed her job.2. W: How about Mike? Have you seen him after the big earthquake?M: Yes, he is physically sound, but he wont talk to anybody and he is very afraid of the night.Q: What do we learn about Mike?A) He is healthy.B) He doesnt like sound.C) He lacks sleep. D) He has psychological problems.3. W: Donnas birthday is around the corner. What should I give her as a present?M: Well, shes interested in fashion and you know nothing about fashion. So, you could just cook a dinner for her. That is much easier for you. Q: What does the man imply?A) The woman is very ignorant.B) Donna is a shallow girl.C) Cooking is more interesting than fashion.D) The woman is good at cooking.答案&解析1. B)。此题中的选项C)Made up a story.即是利用对话中出现过的词组迷惑考生的,而从Man的谈话中,我们知道Carol worked the weekend shift,即worked over the weekend。故选B)。2. D)。原文中说到Mike身体很好,但是不和别人说话而且很害怕夜晚,可考试&大见他的心理由于地震产生了一些问题。故选D)。3. D)。原文中Man说That is much easier for you. that是指cook a dinner for her,可见,Man的意思是说Woman更擅长做饭。故选D)。2012.3.21. Comprehension Skills in Subjunctive Mood节中的对话虽然简短，但多数情况下，往往不能从听到的内容中找到与选择项内容完全相同的部分，即对话中一般没有现成的答案。因此，在听的时候要注意抓住选择项的同义或反义词（组）用辨别法答题（解活动类多用此方法），或根据对话内容采用归纳、推论或辨别的方法回答。用这种方法答题，类型不仅仅限于诸如what does the man mean?这样的题目，其它如含蓄人物类、人物身份类、含蓄地点类、否定类题目也与此类似。如虚拟语气就是难点中的难点：虚拟语气是考试中最容易失分的一个部分，而虚拟语气又常常作为考查点出现在条件句中。虚拟语气，顾名思义，是虚拟的一种情况，换句话说，是和现实情况相反的或者不太可能出现的。使用虚拟语气的条件句又称为非真实条件句，它和一般的真实条件句存在很大的区别。例如：W： Will you go to the party tonight？M1： I will if I have time.M2： I would if I had time.M1的回答表明，他如果有时间会去，这是一个真实的条件句；而M2的回答使用了虚拟语气，是一个非真实的条件句。也就是说，他有时间的可能性微乎其微，所以他是不会去的。可见对含有虚拟语气的非真实条件句的解读方式是和真实条件句不同的，或者说是相反的。解虚拟语气的思路简单说就是“反着选答案”。如果听到的虚拟语气是一句肯定的说法，那么真实的情况就是否定的。反之亦然。例如：I wouldnt have troubled him so much if I had known he was so busy.这句话使用的是否定“不打扰教授”但是因为是虚拟语气，表示和过去的情况相反，那么事实的情况是“经常打扰”。这就是虚拟语气“反着选答案”的解题方式。W: How do you like the play you saw last night?M: Well, I should have stayed at home.Q: What does the man think of the play?A) It is exciting. B) It is boring.C) He didnt see the play. D) He like it very much.对话中I should have stayed at home.（我真该待在家里），这句话已婉转地表明他不喜欢这出戏，而对没有待在家里表示遗憾、后悔（should have done something这种结构可用来表示对应该发生而实际上没有发生的事情表示遗憾、后悔或谴责）。能使他产生此感想的原因自然是The play is boring.（演出令人厌烦），因而是正确的答案。否定类题目多含有虚拟语气、语气否定、暗示比喻、强化意见等形式。这一节属于此数字类题目的对话中，多出现两处，甚至三、四处数字或时间，因此，除了用辨别方法外，有时必须用计算方法才能得出正确答案。再如新动力听力中Unit 1 Customs We Should Follow中的short conversation的第三题：M: How about your trip to Chicago?W: To tell you the truth, I would rather have spent my vacation here.Q: What does the woman mean? (C) 2012.3.172, Comprehension Skills on Numbers Direct and Indirect数字涉及的内容主要有：年代、年龄、日期、时间、价格、数量、房号，电话号码、尺寸、大小等。数字的读法最重要，会读，才能会听。一般听力中不会有太大的数字，一般到千位、万位。如1985读作nineteen eighty five或nineteen hundred eighty five。考生应对年、年代、世纪的读法和含义加强训练。如541 BC，读作five hundred forty-one B.C.，392 A.D.读作three hundred ninety two A.D.；年代一般为the 基数词加上十位数复数，如十九世纪二十年代应为in the 1820s； 判断世纪应在题前两位数字加上1，如1930就是20世纪30年代。考生可以看出，数字的应用与语言基本功是相辅相成的，从基本做起，加强自身的语言功底，就会轻而易举地解决数字问题。、时间类：包括直接型和计算型。如：W: Your library books are due on December 13th. If you have not finished using them by then, you may renew them once.M: Thank you very much. I only need them for a few days.Q: When must the man return his books to the library?、数字类：包括直接型和计算型。如： W: Do you live in a college dormitory?M: Yes, I do. Its a six-man suite, but at the moment only four of us live there.Q: How many people share the suite now?如大学新动力英语中Unit 6的两个题目：W: How many students took part in the English Speaking Contest?M: Well, let me see, 20 had registered, but some students didnt show up. I think there were 8 from Grade One and 7 from Grade two.Q: How many students took part in the English Speaking Contest? (B)W: Tony is having his second birthday party this night. The twins are two years older than Lily, and Lily is one year older than Tony.M: You mean you have four children and they are all still quite young.Q: What can we learn about the childrens ages? (A)和Unit 7 Job Hunting中conversations的第一题和第三题1， W: The lecture was supposed to start at 9:30 am, but the doctor was an hour late.M: he would have arrived on time, but an accident jammed the main road for one and a half hours.3， Q: M: When dose the nest bus leave for Austin?W: Buses leave for Austin every half hour. You just missed the 10:30 bus by 5 mins.Q: When will the next bus leave for Austin? (A)When did the doctor arrive for the lecture? (C)对于数字，(特别是一些较大的数字)，一要会读，二要能听，三要能记。能做到这几方面，考试才有把握。掌握这些技能要平时多积累，多练习。 2012.3.303, Comprehension Skills on Location问题是关于对话发生的场合、地点或者涉及到的人或事物所处的位置。提问方式通常为：Where is the conversation most probably taking place?Where are the two people?此类题型解题技巧如下：1.单个地点题：抓住与特定地点相关的常用词语。这类题目的对话中一般不会提到具体场所，问题往往要求根据对话内容推测出谈话场所或某人的去向。考生要注意抓取信息词，即与特定地点相关的最常用词语。2.多个地点题：依赖笔记，留意提问中的核心词。这类题目对话中一般会提到几个地点，而就其中某一个进行提问，解题关键在于区分细节，对与选项相关的细节进行速记，并注意抓住提问中的核心词。3.熟悉常考的地点。四级对话中常涉及的地点场景包括：诊所或医院(clinic or hospital) 餐馆(restaurant)学校或校园(school or campus) 书店 (bookstore)火车站 (railway station) 机场 (airport)图书馆 (library) 邮局(post office)银行(bank) 旅馆 (hotel)【真题示例4】(新06-6-15)A At a clinic.B In a supermarket.C At a restaurant.D In an ice-cream shop.M: Ill have the steak, French Fries, and lets see, chocolate ice-cream for dessert.W: Oh-oh, you know these things will ruin your health, too much fat and sugar, how about ordering some vegetables and fruit instead?Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place?【解析】地点场景题。本题是问对话最可能发生在哪。由对话中steak, ice-cream, order等关键词即可推断出对话应该是发生在餐馆。再如新动力听力中，Unit 3 Different Countries, Different Traditions中short conversation的第九题W: Id like to open an account.M: Certainly. What sort of account would you like to open?W: Could you tell me what sort of account there are?M: Well, there are basically two types of account. There are current account and deposit account.Q: Where does this conversation most probably take place? (C) Unit 9 solutions to water shortage的conversations中的第一题：1.W: Good morning. Im Jane Smith, your flight attendant. Welcome aboard.M: Hello. Ive got seat