词汇学Unit 5.doc

Unit 5 词的语用意义 Pragmatic Meaning of Word一、语用意义的定义I. Linguistic Meaning and Pragmatic MeaningLinguistic Meaning contains two aspects: lexical meaning and grammatical meaning. Lexical meaning refers to conceptual meaning or cognitive meaning.Grammatical meaning reveals the information conveyed by grammatical category, such as the action referred to as present tense, or past tense, or plural form or not, etc. While linguistic meaning is used to study the static meaning of word, i.e. the adherent, fixed, unaffected meaning, pragmatic meaning is used to study the dynamic meaning of word, i.e. the meaning expressed by speakers with specific intention in specific context while using language. II. ContextContext includes linguistic context and non-linguistic context下列各组同义词在日常使用时所含意义的褒贬程度不一。将它们按褒义、中性和贬义的顺序重新排列：1. student, scholar, bookworm 2. stubborn, firm, pigheaded3. counterfeit, replica, copy 5. unusual, bizarre, unique 6. tolerant, flexible, wishy-washy7. caustic, penetrating, sharp 8. reserved, aristocratic, snobbish9. buffoon, wit, comic 10. officer, policeman, cop11. slender, skinny, thin 12. literary artist, hack, writer13. friend, accomplice, company 14. depreciation, appreciation, perception二、语用意义的特点I. 原词附属性II. 主观体验性III. 词义不确定性IV. 概念临时性1. 指示（deixis）现象2. 共轭搭配（zeugma）V. 语境共生性下列各对句子中的斜体词具有相似的语义，但它们表示的语用含义不同。分析它们在各局中的实际意义：1. The thief tried to conceal the evidence.The thief tried to hide the evidence.2. Im going to buy a new coat. Im going to purchase a new coat.3. These tomatoes are large.These tomatoes are big.4. This is a very loose definition.This is a very short definition.5. You have my deep sympathy.You have my profound sympathy.6. It is a very wide street.It is a very broad street. 7. The boy felt surprised at the happenings.The boy felt shocked at the happenings.根据语境解释下列各句中斜体词的fish意义：1. I like fish.2. He caught a fish.3. You are such poor fish.4. He looked eager to fish for compliments.以下两组句子中各有一个词同时满足所给语境，猜出这个词（每一短横为一个字母）：1. -(8个字母) One of the keys on the _ is stuck. His _ is twenty years old, but it still works. Bill Smith just bought a portable electric _. The new girl typed her composition on the_. I dont care what you say. I think a _ is better than an abacus.2.-(5个字母) Im not cross, just_. He seems to be completely_. The news of my failure in the exam made me rather _. If you want to get over that_ feeling, take a walk for a relaxation. Some people feel most_ in the early morning, but I get that way just before supper.No more trustable a man who is an obsessive seducer of womenFailure or defeat in low spirits Love which is both fresh and long lasting Cunning/ cheating, cruelSecret , not open 1. Situation A:Semantic meaning: the temperature in the sitting room is rather low. Pragmatic meaning: lets just have d