非谓语动词.doc

“非谓语动词”考点透析非谓语动词包括不定式、动名词和分词。是历年高考考查的重点语法项目之一。一、考查非谓语动词做主语能作主语的非谓语动词有不定式和动名词。二者的区别：表示某一具体动作时，多用不定式；表示比较抽象的一般行为倾向时，多用动名词。动名词作主语时通常位于句首；不定式作主语则位于句末，用it作形式主语放在句首。例：Its necessary to be prepared for a job interview. _the answers ready will be of great help.(2005北京卷)ATo have had B.Having had C. Have D. Having解析 此题考查非谓语动词作主语。A、B项分别是不定式和动名词的完成式，而will be great help则表明动作并未发生，应用动名词的一般式。答案为D。二、考查非谓语动词作宾语不定式和动名词都可作动词或介词的宾语。1 有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语，如：want, wish, hope, manage, demand, promise, refuse, pretend, plan, offer, decide, agree, expect等。例：I dont want _like Im speaking ill of anybody, but the managers plan is unfair.(2005天津卷) A.to sound B.to be sounded C.sounding D.to have sounded解析 want后面接不定式，不接动名词作宾语, sound是系动词, 不能用被动语态。答案为A。2 有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语，如：admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, forgive, imagine, keep, mind, miss, resist, risk, suggest, deny等。例：I cant stand_ with Jane in the same office. She just refuse _talking while she works. (2006北京卷)A.working ; stopping B.to work ; stopping C. working ; to stop D. to work ; to stop解析 stand表示“容忍，忍爱”时，后面接动名词; refuse后面只能接不定式做宾语。答案为C。3 有些动词后既可以跟不定式又可以跟动名词作宾语，意义上无多大区别，如love, like, hate, prefer, intent, start, continue等。如：I intent to finish/finishing thetask this morning.4 有些动词后既可以跟不定式又可以跟动名词作宾语，但意义上有区别。如forget, remember, mean, regret, stop, try等，后接不定式表示未做，接动名词表示动作已发生。例：When asked by the police, he said that he remembered_ at the party, but not_.(2005北京卷)A. to arrive ; leaving B. to arrive ; to leave C. arriving ; leaving D. arriving ; to leave解析 根据语境，第一空表示记得做了某事，应用动名词作宾语,第二空和第一空是并列关系。答案为C。5.介词后可接动名词或不定式作宾语。如：I have no choice but to accept the fact. 我除了接受这个事实别无选择。例:Isnt it time you got down to_the paper? (2006重庆卷)A. mark B. be marked C. being marked D. marking解析 get down to（着手做，开始做）短语中to是介词，后面接名词或动名词做宾语。根据语境，“批改试卷”应用主动语态。答案为D。三、考查非谓语动词作宾补和主补能做宾补和主补的非谓语动词有不定式、现在分词、过去分词，用哪种非谓语动词形式往往取决于前面动词的句型和不同非谓语动词所表示的意义。1. 能接带to的不定式作宾补和主补的动词有: ask, tell, force, get, allow, want, wish, like, hate, prefer, intend, expect, encourage, advise, persude, permit, request, order, warn, cause等,表示宾语或主语执行不定式的动作(具有”主动”的意义), 而且其动作多发生在句子谓语动词动作之后(具有”将来”的意义)。例: My advisor encouraged_a summer course to improve my writing skills. (2004北京卷)A. for me taking B.me taking C.for me to take D. me to take 解析 encourage sb. to do sth.是固定结构,宾补应使用不定式。答案为D。2. 使役动词、感官动词能接不带to的不定式作宾补和带to的不定式作主补。常见的使役动词有make, let, have 等；感官动词有see, hear, watch, observe, notice, feel, look at,listen to等。例: Paul doesnt have to be made_. He always works hard. (1995全国卷) A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning解析make接复合宾语时，宾补可用省to的不定式，但用于被动语态后，作主补的不定式要带to。答案为B。3. 不定式和分词作宾补或主补表达的意义不同。接不定式时表示动作发生的全过程；接现在分词时，表示动作正在发生或进行或正要做分词表示的动作；接过去分词时，表示宾语或主语承受了过去分词表示的动作。例: The missing boys were last seen_near the river. (1994全国卷)A. playing B.to be playing C.play D.to play解析 此处表示主补的动作正在发生，故用现在分词。答案为A。四、考查非谓语动词作定语 不定式动名词和分词都可以作定语，主要区别于它们的时态意义和语态意义。1 不定式作定语多和被修饰的名词具有“动宾关系”，即被修饰的名词是不定式动作的承受者；如果不定式是不及物动词，就要在其后面加上相应的介词。例：Im going to the supermarket this afternoon. Do you have anything_. (2004上海春季卷)A. to be buying B. to buy C. for buying D. bought 解析不定式作定语表示要买的东西。答案为B。2 现在分词作定语多和被修饰的名词具有“主谓关系”，即现在分词用主动形式时,被修饰的名词正在执行其动作；用被动形式时，被修饰的名词正在承受其动作；过去分词作定语与其所修饰的名词有“动宾关系”表示一个被动或完成动作，相当于一个被动的定语从句。例: The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket_the desert. (2006湖南卷)A. covering B.covered C.cover D.to cover解析 此题考查分词作定语，与其逻辑主语是主谓关系，应选用表示主动意义的现在分词。答案为A。五、考查非谓语动词作状语能做状语的有不定式、现在分词和过去分词。作什么样的状语往往取决于它们的位置和在句中的意义。不定式短语放在句首多作目的状语，句末多作原因、结果状语。现在分词短语放在句首多作原因、条件、时间等状语，句末多作方式、伴随状语，也可作结果状语。过去分词短语放在句首多表示时间、条件、原因等，放在句末表示对前面的情况起补充说明作用，同时与主语有被动关系。例：He hurried to the looking office only_that all the tickets had been sold out. (2006陕西卷)A . to be told B. to tell C.told D. telling解析 此题考查不定式与only连用作结果状语的用法。tell 是接双宾语的动词，此处只用了一个宾语，应用被动形式。答案为A。六、考查非谓语动词作表语能作表语的有不定式、动名词和分词，选用表示主动还是被动意义的非谓语动词作表语主要看其与主语的逻辑关系。例：It remains_whether Jimll be fit enough to play in the finals.(2006浙江卷)解析 remain后面接不定式作表语，与其主语在逻辑上是被动关系。答案为B。七、考查连词之后加分词分词短语常常可以用在某些连词如since, when, while, whenever no matter how , once, until 等之后，看作是状语从句中的省略现象。例: When _different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.(2006浙江卷)A. comparedB.being compared C.comparing D. having compared解析 compare是非谓语动词的逻辑主语we发出的动作，应用表示主动意义的现在分词。答案为A。八、考查非谓语动词的特殊结构与句式特殊疑问词+不定式结构例：It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows_.(2002全国卷)A. it what to do with B. what to do it with C.what to do with it D.to do what with it2. with复合结构例: I couldt do my homework with all that noise_(2005北京卷)A. going on B.goes on C.went on D.to go on3. better+动词原形，意思是“最好”例：If you are planning to spend your money having fun this week, better _ityouve got some big bills coming.( 2004广东卷)A. forget B.forgot C.forgetting D.to forget4.what /How about +doing?和Why not +do?表示征求对方意见或提出建议。例：I usually go there by train.Why not _by boat for a change.( 1992全国卷)A. to try going B.trying to go C.to try and go D.try going5 sb./ sth.+be said /believed+ to do结构。例： The flu is believed_by viruses that like to repro