定语从句解.doc

定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。 关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。 关系副词有：when, where, why等。 I关系代词在定语从句中做主语,宾语,定语.(作宾语时可省略，放在介词后不可省。)一.由 who, 引导的定语从句,who在从句中做主语(口语中也可做宾语),修饰表示人的先行词. 例如:This is the man who helped me.Do you know the comrade who spoke just now ?The boy who/whom we saw yesterday is Johns brother.二.that引导的定语从句,that在从句中做主语或宾语,修饰表示人或物的先行词,作宾语时可省略,不能放在介词后面作宾语.The letter (that/which) I received was from my father.I cant find the letter that/which came this morning.Do you still remember the days (that/which)we spent together ?This is the man that/who helped me.The house (that/which) we live in is not large.=The house in which we live is not large.The doctor (that/whom /who)you are looking for is in the room.三. which引导的定语从句,which在从句中做主语,也可做宾语,或介词的宾语,修饰表示物的先行词. 先行词可以是词、短语、句子。This is the book (which/that ) you want.The building which/that stands near the river is our school.The room in which there is a machine is a workshop.(介词后面的which不能省略)The house (which/that) we live in is not large.This is the watch (which/that ) he was looking for.(在含有介词的动词固定词组中,介词只能放在动词之后,不能放在which之前 )四、Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）, 例如： They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。 Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。五、that 和which 都可以修饰表示物的先行词, 1.但是下列情况只能用that. 先行词为不定代词all, few, little, much, everything, nothing 等.All (that) you have to do is to practise every day.There isnt much (that) I can do. 先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级所修饰时.The first lesson (that) I learned will never be forgotten.This is the best film (that ) I have ever seen. 先行词被all, any, every, few, little, no, some 等不定代词修饰时.I have read all the books (that) you gave me. 先行词被the only, the very, the last, the same 等修饰时.The white flower is the only one that I really like.This is the very book that I want to read.This is the same book that I want to read. (同一本书)-This is the same book as I want to read. 当主句以who或 which 开头的特殊疑问句时,定语从句that 引导.Who is the man that is standing there ?Which of us that knows something about physics doesnt know this ?先行词既有人又有物时。We talked about the persons and things that we could remember. time做先行词，前面如果有序数词或 last 来修饰时，定语从句用 that 来引导或省略；如果没有序数词或 last 来修饰时，既可用 when 也可用that来引导。This is the last time ( that ) I shall give you a lesson.The first time ( that ) I saw him was in 1972.Its time ( that ) we got up. 六、that不能置于介词之后（介词后指物用which,指人用whom） The person to whom I am speaking just now is our English teacher. The prize for which he worked so hard was a new bicycle. II关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。when, where, why 关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于介词+ which结构，因此常常和介词+ which结构交替使用，例如： There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。 Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？III定语从句中的主谓一致 引导词在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词人称和数要根据引导词所指内容而定。 1. Here are some sentences that are often used by the students. ( as指代sentences，谓语动词用are)。 2. I, who am a Party member, should work hard for our country.( who指代I, 谓语用am.)。 3. He was one of the students who were praised for it. ( who指代the students) 他是被表扬的学生之一。 4. He was the only one of the students who was praised for it. ( who 指the only one)他是唯一被表扬的学生。 I、用that 、which 、who、填空This is the man _wants to see you.The man _ you went to see has come.Here is the pen _ you lost the day before yesterday.The storybook _ I have just read cannot be easily forgotten.This is shirt _I bought yesterday.I will never forget the people and the places _ I have ever visited.The first thing _ we should do is to clean the room.You should do all _I told you to do.The book has nothing_interests me.This is the best film _ has been shown this year.He took away everything _ belonged to him.This is the very person_I need.I have read all the books_you gave me.He is the only person _is right.I have read every book _I can find.They talked much _ had nothing to do with the matter.There is little _ I can give you.I will never forget the day _ I spent with you.二、单项选择1.Your teacher of Chinese is a young lady_ comes from Beijing. A. who B. which C. whom D. whose2. The students were all interested _ you told them yesterday. A. in which B. in that this C. all that D. in everything3. He was the only person in his office_ was invited. A. whom B. whose C. that D. which4. Charlie told his mother all_ had happened. A. that B. what C. which D. who5. Would you tell me where to get the dictionary _? A. what I need B.I need C. which I need it D. that I need it6.The girl _ an English song in the next room is Toms sister. A. who is singing B. is singing C. sang D. was singing 7.Didnt you see the man _? A. I nodded just now B. whom I nodded just now C. I nodded to him just now D. I nodded to just now8.Is there anything else_ you require ?A. which B. that C. who D. what9.The last place _ we visited was the Great Wall .A. which B. that C. where D. it 10.He talked happily about the men and books _ interested him greatly in the school. A. which B. that C. who D. when11. Do you know the man _?A. whom I spoke B. to who I spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke12. This is one of the best films _ this year.A. have been shown B. that have shownC. that have been shown D. which has been shown13.Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn ?A. that B x C. wh