2012年大学英语四级模拟测试一试题册.doc

2012年大学英语四级模拟测试一Part I Writing （30 minutes）Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Choosing an Occupation. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below. 注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上作答。1. 选择职业是一个人要面对的众多难题之一。2. 需要花时间去选择职业。3. 选择职业时可以向许多人寻求建议和帮助。Choosing an Occupation_Part II Reading Comprehension （Skimming and Scanning）(15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C), and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.DepressionDepression is a common type of mental disorder most people will be affected by depression in their lives either directly or indirectly. Confusion about depression is commonplace: for example, about what depression is and what makes it different from just feeling down. There is also confusion surrounding the many types of depression that people may experience. There have been so many terms used to describe this set of feelings weve all felt at one time or another in our lives, to one degree or another, that it is time to set the record straight.1. Types of DepressionDepressive disorders come in different forms, just as other illnesses such as heart disease. This passage briefly describes three of the most common types of depressive disorders. However, within these types there are variations in the number of symptoms, their severity, and persistence.Major depression is manifested by a combination of symptoms that interfere with the ability to work, study, sleep, eat, and enjoy once pleasurable activities. Such a disabling episode of depression may occur only once but more commonly occurs several times in a lifetime.A less severe type of depression, dysthymia, involves long-term, chronic symptoms that do not disable, but keep one from functioning well or from feeling good. Many people with dysthymia also experience major depressive episodes at some time in their lives.Another type of depression is bipolar disorder, which is characterized by cycling mood changes: severe highs (mania) and lows (depression). Sometimes the mood switches are dramatic and rapid, but most often they are gradual. When in the depressed cycle, an individual can have any or all of the symptoms of a depressive disorder. When in the manic cycle, the individual may be overactive, over-talkative, and have a great deal of energy. Mania often affects thinking, judgment, and social behavior in ways that cause serious problems and embarrassment. For example, the individual in a manic phase may feel elated and full of grand schemes that might range from unwise business decisions to romantic sprees. 2. Symptoms of Depression Depression is characterized by a number of common symptoms. Not everyone who is depressed or manic experiences every symptom. Some people experience a few symptoms, some many. Severity of symptoms varies with individuals and also varies over time. Persistent sad, anxious, or “empty” mood Feelings of hopelessness, pessimism Feelings of guilt, worthlessness, helplessness Loss of interest or pleasure in hobbies and activities that were once enjoyed Decreased energy, fatigue, being “slowed down” Difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions Insomnia, early-morning awakening, or oversleeping Appetite and/or weight loss or overeating and weight gain Thoughts of death or suicide; suicide attempts Restlessness, irritability Persistent physical symptoms that do not respond to treatment, such as headaches, digestive disorders and chronic pain 3. Risk Factors of Depression While depression can strike anyone at any time, research has identified several factors associated with an increased risk for depression:Family History Having an immediate family member with depression increases the risk of developing depression. Other mental illnesses, such as alcoholism in family members, can also increase the risk for depression.Early Childhood Experience Early childhood trauma, such as loss of a parent before adolescence, child neglect, physical, emotional abuse, and parental divorce are all linked to increased risk for adult depression.Stress Negative life events, such as divorce, loss of a loved one or loss of employment are associated with increased depression. Research shows that chronic stresses (such as illness, lack of social support and numerous “daily hassles”) are also linked to depression.Alcohol Depression and alcoholism is often seen in the same patients at the same time. Alcohol is a depressant drug and its presence in a depressed person has serious implications for treatment outcome.Residence Depression seems to be higher in urban residents than in rural residents. In fact, one study found that depression was twice as common among city dwellers as among those who lived in rural areas.Marital Status Depression is highest among divorced, separated, or co-habitating people. It is lowest among single and married people. People living alone have higher rates of depression than those living with others do.Work Status Research shows that people unemployed for six months or more in the last five years had a rate of depression three times that of the general population.Physical Illness Certain physical illnesses are associated with depression, such as thyroid disorder, hormonal imbalances, chronic viral infections, cancer and heart diseases.Gender It is estimated that one out of every four women and one out of every ten men experience some type of depression during their lifetime. While women suffer from depression more often and attempt suicide more frequently, men are more successful in their suicide attempts. Women also suffer from unique forms of depression related to their unique biology and life experiences. Age Most people experience their first episode of depression between the ages of 20 and 40. In fact, the average age of onset of depression is the mid-20s. Alarmingly, recent research shows that the average age of onset is decreasing with each generation. Children, adolescents and elderly persons often display unique symptoms of depression and have specific stressful events that predispose them to depression. Ethnic and cultural groups The World Health Organization named depression the fourth most devastating illness in the world today and predicted that it would become the second ranked illness by 2020. No ethnic or cultural group is immune. While depression occurs at about the same rate in different groups, ethnic and cultural differences often impact the ways in which their members express their feelings and their willingness to seek treatment. Tobacco Increased tobacco use has been noted in depressed persons and individuals with underlying or current depressive symptoms are likely to experience mood disturbances when they attempt to quit. 4. Treatments for Depression Fortunately, there are many effective treatment options for depression. To be most effective, treatment should be specifically tailored to each individual. That is why a detailed interview by a mental health professional is extremely valuable. Established treatments for depression may include:antidepressant medications psychotherapy (also known as “talk therapy” or “counseling”) All of these treatments have been shown to treat depression successfully. The choice of treatment will be determined by several factors, including the type and severity of depression, by previous treatment history, and patient preference. A combination of medications and psychotherapy is used to treat most patients, although mild forms of depression may be treated with psychotherapy alone.Effective treatment is based on an accurate assessment, which identifies the causes of depression in any person. Usually depression is a result of biological, psychological and social factors, and an effective treatment plan is one that identifies all of these and develops strategies to reduce their frequency and intensity.注意：此部分试题17选择题部分请用2B铅笔涂到答题卡2上，810填空题请在答题卡1上作答。1. How will depression affect the majority of people?A) Directly. B) Indirectly.C) Both directly and indirectly. D) Either directly or indirectly.2. How many common types of depression are discussed in this passage?A) Two.B) Three. C) Four.D) Five.3. Bipolar disorder is characterized by _.A) a combination of symptomsB) long-term symptomsC) cycling mood changesD) serious problems and embarrassment4. Persistent physical symptoms that do not respond to treatment might include _.A) feeling pessimistic B) failure to concentrateC) sleeplessness D) indigestion 5. What kind of people are the least likely to suffer from depression?A) Married people. B) Separated people.C) Co-habitating people. D) Divorced people.6. What percentage of women might suffer from depression during their lifetime?A) 10%. B) 25%. C) 40%. D) 45%.7. The World Health Organization predicts that depression will _ by 2020. A) become the fourth most devastating illnessB) rank as one of the top two illnessesC) spread among all peopleD) be cured in some countries8. While depression occurs at about the same rate in different groups, _ differences often impact the ways in which their members express their feelings and their willingness to seek treatment. 9. There are established treatments for depression, including _ and psychotherapy.10. An effective treatment plan for depression should identify the symptoms and develop strategies to reduce their _.Part III Listening Comprehension(35 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。Questions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.11.A) Shes been extremely successful.B) Shes less successful now than she was last year.C) Her success is hard to understand.D) She owes some of her success to her personality.12.A) The man will not be able to sleep.B) Someone will enter the back door while the man is sleeping.C) The lock on the door will break.D) The man will not be able to come back.13.A) Mary is going to Hawaii.B) Mary has travelled all over the world.C) Mary likes postcards. D) Mary is going on vacation.14.A) Substitute for Laura at work.B) Accept a full-time job.C) Meet Laura at the restaurant.D) Go out of town with Laura.15.A) It looks exactly like Susan.B) It makes Susan look younger than she really is.C) It makes Susan look older than she really is.D) It makes Susan look better than she looks in person.16.A) He is sick. B) He is worried.C) He is confident. D) He is angry.17.A) At Sun Valley. B) At the health center. C) At home. D) At work.18.A) Where Professor Stevens came from.B) When the economics course was supposed to meet.C) What the economics professors name was.D) How recently professor Stevens began teaching there.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) Two weeks. B) One month.C) One week. D) Eleven days.20. A) Its too expensive. B) It would take too long.C) Theres nothing worth seeing. D) Hes been there before.21. A) Therere lots of pretty girls. B) Everybody speaks English.C) They arrange everything for you. D) It has the lowest price.22. A) Portugal. B)Miami. C) Arizona or New Mexico. D) Spain. Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. A) The man. B) The woman.C) They pay for their own dinner respectively. D) A Dutch friend.24. A) It serves only a few specialties. B) Its too crowded.C) Its too costly. D) The service is too slow.25. A) Children do not usually eat at home. B) They usually bring lunch with them from home.C) They have little time for lunch. D) The cities are too big for people to find restaurants.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. A) To have an early detection of possible diseases.B) To discover the side effects of thermography.C) To find out why a body requires rest.D) To improve the analysis of blood and tissue sample.27.A) It is not painful.B) Patients can see the pictures.C) The process is very relaxing.D) No side effect is involved.28.A) Thermographic techniques are now widely used.B) Scientific research on thermography is still being conducted.C) Thermography will not make diagnosis easier for doctors.D) Acceptance of thermographic techniques will be enthusiastic.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.29.A) Teenage drunk driving and how to prevent it.B) D.U.I. and its deadly consequences.C) A safe families report.D) Two teenage driver volunteers.30.A) A policeman. B) A social worker.C) A parent of one of the kids. D) A teacher from Dade High School.31.A) To save them from serving in a prisonB) To make them lose face as a punishment.C) To warn the public of the dangers from these offenders.D) To warn other teens of the dangers of drinking and driving.Passage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.32.A) How different types of people are affected by breakfast.B) How different types of breakfast affect people.C) How males and females of all ages react to different kinds of breakfast. D) How well the participants bodies function.33.A) Various kinds of breakfasts were given to the participants.B) A well-balanced meal was eaten.C) Breakfast was altogether skipped.D) Special tests were introduced.34.A) They will work efficiently and productively after an adequate breakfast.B) Their work efficiency does not affect whether they take breakfast or not.C) They have to go without breakfast if they try to lose weight.D) They will probably lose more weight by reducing other meals.35.A) Eating less at meals other than breakfast.B) Going on a diet.C) Skipping breakfast.D) Taking less breakfast.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。In many English homes four meals are served: they are breakfast, lunch, tea and dinner. These are the meals that are served in the homes of people who are (36) . It might be (37) _to you to know what (38) _ of meals English people have and how they (39) _ at the table, for the people of one country act rather (40) _ from those of another. An old (41) _ says, “When in Rome, do as the Romans do,” and this is good (42) .Breakfast may be served any time from seven to nine. Lunch comes at about one oclock. It (43) _ consists of cold meat, potatoes and salad. Most people drink water or beer instead of strong alcoholic drinks. Afternoon tea, served between four and five, is the most informal meal of the day.(44) . Many people even wear special clothes for dinner, so if you are asked out to dinner, you must find out whether you are expected to wear a dinner suit. (45) . During the meal, conversation is carried on. You should try to get into conversation with the person on your right or left, (46) . If you are in unfamiliar surroundings, keep an eye open for what the others are doing.Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section A Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line throug