2014职称英语(卫生A)内部押密卷.doc

一、词汇选项题：阅读下面的句子，每个句子中均有1个词或者短语用()进行标识，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与()标识部分意义最相近的词或短语。1She (exhibited) great powers of endurance during the climbAplayBsendCshowDtell 正确答案:C 2The (eternal) motion of the stars fascinated himAlongBnever-endingCboringDextensive 正确答案:B 3She could not answer，it was an (immense) load off her heartAnaturalBfatalCtinyDenormous 正确答案:D 4The book made a great (impact) on its readersAforceBinfluenceCsurpriseDpower 正确答案:B 5Accompanied by (cheerful) music，we began to danceApleasantBcolorfulCfashionableDdifferent 正确答案:A 6He was not (eligible) for the examination because he was over ageAcompetitiveBdiligentCqualifiedDcompetent 正确答案:C 7Her novel (depicts) an ambitious ChineseAwritesBsketchesCdescribesDindicates 正确答案:C 8Dont (irritate) her，shes on a short fuse todayAteaseBattractCannoyDprotect 正确答案:C 9It is (absurd) to go out in such terrible weatherAridiculousBfunnyCoddDinteresting 正确答案:A 10I (notified) him that my address had changedAinformedBobservedCmockedDmisled 正确答案:A 11The manager (allocate) duties to the clerksAassignBpersuadeCaskDorder 正确答案:A 12The once (barren) hillsides are now good farmlandAhairlessBbareCemptyDbald 正确答案:B 13It is (postulated) that a cure for the disease will have been found by the year 2000AchallengedBassumedCdeductedDdecreed 正确答案:B 14We must (abide by) the rulesAstick toBpersist inCsafeguardDapply 正确答案:A 15From my (standpoint)，you know，this thing is just funnyApositionBpoint of viewCknowledgeDopinion 正确答案:B 二、阅读判断题（16-22题共用题干） Spare a Kidney? It is no longer unusual for a spouse or relative to donate a kidney to a loved one，but the number of Americans who have given a kidney to a friend，a co-worker or even a complete stranger has risen sharply from 68 in 1994 to 176 in 1998 There are many reasonsFirst，its possible to live a normal life with only one kidney(The remaining kidney enlarges to make up most of the difference)In addition a kidney from a live donor lasts longer than a kidney taken from someone who has died suddenlyBut the biggest change in the past few years is that transplant surgeons have started using laparoscopic techniques to remove the donor kidney through a much smaller incision，and this can cut recovery time for the donor from six weeks to four weeks Just because you do something，however，it doesnt mean you shouldDonating a kidney means under-going an operation that carries some riskYou could argue that you may be helping to save a life，but you certainly cant pretend that youre better off with one kidney instead of two So，what are the risks?“As with any major operation，there is a chance of dying，of reoperation due to bleeding，of infection，of vein clots in the legs or a hernia at the incision，”says DrArthur Matas，director of the renal-transplant program at the university of Minnesota Medical Center in MinneapolisEven lapa-roscopy，a relatively new technique for kidney donation，is not risk-freeDoctors estimate that chances of dying from the procedure are about 3 in 10，000 Theres no money to be made；selling an organ is illegalBut the recipients insurance normally covers your operation and immediate aftercareYour costs can include hotel bills，lost pay during recovery or possible future disability Although transplant centers must evaluate any potential donors suitability，it never hurts to have an independent opinionThe most common contraindications(禁忌征候)are heart disease，diabetes and high blood pressure Never let anyone，not even a close relative，pressure you into giving up an organ-no matter if youre healthy“Theres often the feeling that youre not a good friend，father，mother if you dont do this，”says Arthus Caplan，director of the University of Pennsylvanias center for BioethicsSome transplant centers will invent a“medical problem”on behalf of those who are reluctant to donate but feel they cant say no16From 1994 to 1998 the number of Americans who had donated a kidney reached 2419ARightBWrongCNot mentioned 正确答案:B 17Why the number of kidney donors has risen is that one is better off with one kidney instead of twoARightBWrongCNot mentioned 正确答案:B 18There exist risks if a person donates a kidneyARightBWrongCNot mentioned 正确答案:A 19None of the Americans who donates a kidney during the period lasting from 1994 to 1998 died from the procedureARightBWrongCNot mentioned 正确答案:C 20Selling organs is illegal，so no one does it in the USARightBWrongCNot mentioned 正确答案:C 21People with heart disease，diabetes and high pressure are not suitable for kidney donationARightBWrongCNot mentioned 正确答案:A 22If a person is healthyhe or she should donate an organ to those who need helpARightBWrongCNot mentioned 正确答案:B 三、概括大意与完成句子：阅读下面短文，每篇短文后有两项测试任务：(1)前四个小题要求从所给的6个选项中为前四小题选择最佳的小标题；(2)后第四个小题要求从所给的6个选项中选择正确选项，分别完成每个句子。（23-30题共用题干） Screen Test 1Every year millions of women are screened with X-rays to pick up signs of breast cancerIf this happens early enough，the disease can often be treated successfullyAccording to a survey published last year，21 countries have screening programmesNine of them，including Australia，Canada，the us and Spain，screen women under 50 2But the medical benefits of screening these younger women are controversial，partly because the radiation brings a small risk of inducing cancerAlsoyounger women must be given higher doses of X-rays because their breast tissue is denser 3Researchers at the Polytechnic University of Valencia analysed the effect of screening more than 160，000 women at 11 local clinicsAfter estimating the womens cumulative dose of radiation，they used two models to calculate the number of extra cancers this would cause 4The mathematical model recommended by Britains National Radiological Protection Board(NR-PB)predicted that the screening programme would cause 36 cancers per 100，000 women，18 of them fatalThe model preferred by the UN Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation led to a lower figure of 20 cancers 5The researchers argue that the level of radiation-induced cancers is“not very significant”compared to the far larger number of cancers that are discovered and treatedThe Valencia programme，they say，detects between 300 and 450 cases of breast cancer in every 100，000 women screened 6But they point out that the risk of women contracting cancer from radiation could be reduced by between 40 and 80 percent if screening began at 50 instead of 45，because they would be exposed to less radiationThe results of their study，they suggest，could help“optimize the technique”for breast cancer screening 7“There is a trade-off between the diagnostic benefits of breast screening and its risks，”admits Michael Clark of the NRPBBut he warns that the study should be interpreted with caution“On the basis of the current data，for every 10 cancers successfully detected and prevented there is a risk of causing one later in lifeThats why radiation exposure should be minimized in any screening programme”23Paragraph 2_ARisk of Screening to Younger WomenBInvestigating the Effect of ScreeningCEffects Predicted by Two Different ModelsDTreatment of CancersEMinimizing of Radiation ExposureFFactors That Trigger Cancers 正确答案:A 24Paragraph 3_ARisk of Screening to Younger WomenBInvestigating the Effect of ScreeningCEffects Predicted by Two Different ModelsDTreatment of CancersEMinimizing of Radiation ExposureFFactors That Trigger Cancers 正确答案:B 25Paragraph 4_ARisk of Screening to Younger WomenBInvestigating the Effect of ScreeningCEffects Predicted by Two Different ModelsDTreatment of CancersEMinimizing of Radiation ExposureFFactors That Trigger Cancers 正确答案:C 26Paragraph 7_ARisk of Screening to Younger WomenBInvestigating the Effect of ScreeningCEffects Predicted by Two Different ModelsDTreatment of CancersEMinimizing of Radiation ExposureFFactors That Trigger Cancers 正确答案:E 27If discovered early，breast cancer may_Abe costlyBharmfulCbe curedDstill open to debateEreduce the risk of radiation triggering a cancerFreduced to the minimum 正确答案:C 28Medical benefits of screening the younger women are_Abe costlyBharmfulCbe curedDstill open to debateEreduce the risk of radiation triggering a cancerFreduced to the minimum 正确答案:D 29Advantages of screening women under 50 are_Abe costlyBharmfulCbe curedDstill open to debateEreduce the risk of radiation triggering a cancerFreduced to the minimum 正确答案:E 30Radiation exposure should be_Abe costlyBharmfulCbe curedDstill open to debateEreduce the risk of radiation triggering a cancerFreduced to the minimum 正确答案:F 四、阅读理解题：下面每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项，请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。（31-35题共用题干） Pool Watch Swimmers can drown in busy swimming pools when lifeguards fail to notice that they are in troubleThe Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents says that on average 15 people drown in British pools each year，but many more suffer major injury after getting into difficultiesNow a French company has developed an artificial intelligence system called Poseidon that sounds the alarm when it sees someone in danger of drowning When a swimmer sinks towards the bottom of the pool，the new system sends an alarm signal to a poolside monitoring station and a lifeguards pagerIn trials at a pool in Ancenis，near Nantes，it saved alife within just a few months，says Alistair McQuade，a spokesman for its maker，Poseidon Technologies Poseidon keeps watch through a network of underwater and overheard video camerasAI software analyses the images to work out swimmers trajectoriesTo do this reliablyit has to tell the difference between a swimmer and the shadow of someone being cast onto the bottom or side of the pool“The underwater environment is a very dynamic one，with many shadows and reflections dancing around”says McQuade The software does this by“projecting”a shape in its field of view onto an image of the far wall of the poolIt does the same with an image from another camera viewing the shape from a different angleIf the two Drojections are in the same position，the shape is identified as a shadow and is ignoredBut if they are different，the shape is a swimmer and so the system follows its traj ectory To pick out potential drowning victims，anyone in the water who starts to descend slowly is added to the softwares“pre-alert”list，says McQuadeSwimmers who then stay immobile on the pool bottom for 5 seconds or more are considered in danger of drowningPoseidon double-checks that the image really is of a swimmer，not a shadow，by seeing whether it obscures the pool,s floor texture when viewed from over-headIf so，it alerts the lifeguard，showing the swimmers location on a poolside screen The first full-scale Poseidon system will be officially opened next week at a pool in High WycombeBuckinghamshireOne man who is impressed with the idea is Travor Baylis，inventor of the clockwork radioBaylis runs a company that installs swimming pools-and he was once an underwater escapologist with a circus“I say full marks to them if this works and can save lives”he saysBut he adds that any local authority spending 30，000-plus on a poseidon system ought to be investing similar amounts in teaching children to swim31AI means the same asAan imageBan ideaCanyone in the waterDartificial intelligence 正确答案:D 32What is required of AI software to save a life?AIt must be able to swimBIt must keep walking round the poolCIt can distinguish between a swimmer and a shadowDIt can save a life within a few months 正确答案:C 33How does Poseidon save a life?AHe plunges into the poolBIt alerts the lifeguardCHe cries for helpDIt rushes to the pool 正确答案:B 34Which of the following statements about Trevor Baylis is NOT true?AHe runsBHe invented the clockwork radioCHe was once an entertainerDHe runs a company 正确答案:A 35The word“considered”in paragraph 5 could be best replaced byA“thought”B“rated”C“regarded”D“believed” 正确答案:B （36-40题共用题干） Eat to Live A meager(不足的)diet may give you health and long life，hut its not much fun-and it might not even be necessaryWe may be able to hang on to most of that youthful vigor even if we dont start to diet until old age Stephen Spindler and his colleagues from the University of California at Riverside have found that some of an elderly mouses liver genes can be made to behave as they did when the mouse was young sireply by limiting its food for four weeksThe genetic rejuvenation(恢复活力)wont reverse other damage caused by time for the mouse，but could help its liver metabolize(新陈代谢)drugs or get rid of toxins(毒素) Spindlers team fed three mice a normal diet fortheir whole lives，and fed another three on half-rationsThree more mice were switched from the normal diet to half-feed for a month when they were 34 months old-equivalent to about 70 human years The researchers checked the activity of 11，000 genes from the mouse liversand found that 46 changed with age in the normally fed miceThe changes were associated with things like inflammation and free radical production(自由基)-probably bad news for mouse healthIn the mice that had dieted all their lives，27 of those 46 genes continued to behave like young genesBut the most surprising finding was that the mice that only started dieting in old age also benefited from 70 per cent of these gene changes “This is the first indication that thee effects kick in pretty quickly”says Huber Warner from the National Institute on Aging near Washington，DC No one yet knows if calorie works in people as it does in mice，bus Spindler is hopeful“Theres attracting and tempting evidence out there that it will work，”he says If it does work in people，there might be good reasons for rejuvenating the liverAs we get older，our bodies are less efficient at metabolizing drugs，for exampleA brief period of time of dieting，says Spindler，could be enough to make sure a drug is effective But Spindler isnt sure the trade-off(交换)is worth it“The mice get less disease，they live longer but theyre hungry，”he says“Even seeing what a diet does，its still hard to go to a restaurant and say：I can only eat half of that” Spindler hopes we soon wont need to diet at allHis company，Life Span Genetics in California，is looking for drugs that have the effects of calorie restriction36According to the passage，which of the following is true?AEating less than usual might make us live longerBWe dont need to go on a dietCA meager diet may be funDWe have to begin dieting from childhood 正确答案:A 37How many mice were compared in Spindlers experiment in one group?A3B6C9D12 正确答案:C 38What can be inferred about the experiment?ACompletely normally fed mice will not experience free radical productionBMice dieting in old age are not prone to diseasesCMice dieting all their lives live longerDDieting doesnt play any role in slowing down aging 正确答案:B 39The researchers studied the miceAto tell us how mices liver genes behaveBto encourage people to diet to be healthyCto try to make it work in peopleDto describe the influence of old age on mice 正确答案:C 40According to the last two paragraphs，Spindler believes thatAdieting is not a good method to give us health and a long lifeBseeing the effect of a diet，people will eat less than normalCcalorie restriction is very important to young peopleDdrugs do not have the effects of calorie restriction 正确答案:A （41-45题共用题干） 15 Million Americans Shffer from Social Anxiety Disorder SociaI anxietv disorder prevents some 15 million Americans from leading normal social and romantic lives，a new survey finds The disorder leaves many isolated，ashamed and often misdiagnosedThirty-six percent of those with social anxiety disorder have symptoms for 1 0 years or more before seeking help，the Anxiety Disorders Association of America reports “Social anxiety disorder is when somebody has an intense，persistent and irrational fear of social or performance situations，”Jerilyn Ross，the associations president and CEO，said during a teleconference Wednesday “The condition causes people to avoid common，everyday situations and even other people for fear of being judged or criticized or humiliated or embarrassing themselves，”Ross said Social anxiety disorder can interfere with daily routines and job performance，Ross noted“It also makes it very difficult for people to develop friends and romantic partnerships，”she said People with this disorder recognize their fear is excessive and irrational，Ross noted“But they feel powerless to do anything about it，”she said Social anxiety disorder can start in the early teens，DrMark HP