英语人教版八年级下册下曲中学宁高宏.docx

八年级英语下册第十单元Unit 10 Ive had this bike for three years.Period 1 Section A 1a-2d教学目标：1、知识与能力：（1）认知并熟练运用本课时重要单词和词组；（2）能听懂谈论人们拥有某物多长时间的话题，能熟练运用since, for 谈论自己的个人物品。2、过程与方法：学生自主预习，教师主导，小组交流，合作探究3、情感态度价值观：正确处理并充分利用自己的废旧物品。教学重点：会运用现在完成时。教学过程：一、课前预习Task1: 朗读并识记P73-P74的单词，根据汉语意思写出下列单词院子_ 甜蜜的，甜的；含糖的_ 记忆；回忆_ 分，粉笔_玩具_熊_生产者；制造者_围巾；披巾；头巾_软的；柔软的_检查；审查_ 板；木板_Task2: 重点词组识记庭院拍卖会_面包机_软体玩具；布绒玩具_察看；观察_棋类游戏_Task3: 句型展示你拥有那辆自行车多久了？_?我拥有它三年了。_.二、合作探究完成句子：1. 你也能把这些旧物品捐赠给需要的人。You can also _ old things _ to people in need.2.你能付75美分买它。You can _ it _ 75 cents.4. 自从我是一个孩子的时候我就拥有它们。Ive had them_I_ a child.三、达标检测1. - _ have you been married？ - For twenty years. A. How far B. How often C. How long D. How soon2. If you sit in a chair _ a long time, your back may begin to hurt. A. at B. in C. on D. for3. - I often have hamburgers for lunch.-Youd better not. Its bad for you _ too much junk food.A. eat B. to eat C. eating D. ate4. - When did you _ the bike? - in 2012 . I have _ it for two years.A.buy ; bought B.have ; bought C. buy ; had D.bought; bought5. - How long has Mr.Green lived in Lanzhou? - Hes lived here _ 1998.A. for B. since C. at D. on四、现在完成时基本定义（一）、现在完成时有两种用法1.过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。到现在为止已经发生或完成的动作。2.表示过去发生的、持续到现在的动作或状态。（二）、基本结构:主语+have/has+动词的过去分词(p.p)现在完成时用法肯定句:主语+have/has+动词的过去分词(p.p)(V-ed)+宾语(或者其他).否定句:主语+have not/has not+动词的过去分词(p.p)(V-ed)+宾语.一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词(p.p)(V-ed)+宾语(或者其他)?特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句(have/has+主语+过去分词+其他)（三）、用法要点1.现在完成时不能单独与准确时间状语连用，(如表示过去的时间状语)如yesterday(morning、afternoon),last(morning、afternoon)等，除非与for,since连用.2.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用如already(肯定句中)，yet(否定，疑问，句末)，just,before,recently,still,lately,never等:He has already obtained a scholarship.他已经获得了一份奖学金。I havent seen much of him recently (lately).我已经很久没有看到他(最近的)。时态We have seen that film before.我们以前已经看过那部电影了。Have they found the missing child yet?他们找到失踪的孩子了吗?3. 现在完成时态经常与表示频度的时间状语连用，如often,sometimes,ever,never,twice,on several occasion等:Have you ever been to Beijing?你以前去过北京吗?I have never heard Bunny say anything against her.我从来没有听到Bunny说她的坏话。I have used this pen only three times. It is still good.这支钢笔我只用过三次。它仍然是好的。George has met that gentleman on several occasions.乔治已经在好几个场合见过那个先生几次。4. 现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用如now,up to these few days/weeks/months/years,this morning/week/month/year,just,today,up to present,so far等:Peter has written six papers so far.到目前为止，彼得写了六篇论文。Man has now learned to release energy from the nucleus of the atom.人们现在已经学会了从原子核中释放能量。There has been too much rain in San Francisco this year.今年以来旧金山雨水太多。The friendly relations and cooperation between our two countries have been enhanced in the past few years.我们两国之间的友好合作关系在近几年得到了提高。Up to the present everything has been successful.到现在为止一切都是成功的。5.现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作.6.现在完成时的完成用法指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束。例如:He has turned the light off .他已把灯关了。现在完成时完成用法的特点是动作不延续，因此，该时态只能与表示不定的过去时间状语(如:already，yet，before，recently等)、频度时间状语(如:never，ever等)、包括现在时刻在内的时间状语(如:this morning / month /year.，today等)连用。例如:Have you found your pen?你已经找到你的钢笔了吗?例如:Mary has done her homework . Mary有做她的家庭作业。7.现在完成时的未完成用法指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去。例如:He has lived here since 1978.自从1978年以来，他一直住在这儿。(动作起始于1978年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。)I have been in the army for more than 5 years.我在部队已经呆了五年多了。(动作开始于5年前，一直延续至今，有可能还要继续下去。)此种用法的句中常需一个表示一段时间的状语(由since或for引导)，或表示与现在时刻相连的时间状语(如:up to now，so far)等。例如:I have heard nothing from him up to now.到目前为止我没有他的任何消息。注意:(1)现在完成时的未完成用法只适用于延续性动词，不可用于终止性动词，即瞬间完成或延续时间很短的动词。如:come，go，arrive，leave，join，become，die等。8.一段时间+has passed+since从句。9.现在完成时常用短语 up to now /till now,so far (意思是从过去某一确定的时间一直延续到现在)连用。Up to/till now hes read many story books. 至今他已读过好多故事书。Ive been to New York three times so far. 至今我已到纽约去过三次。has gone (to),has been (to),has been (in) 的区别。