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折叠式自行车结构设计

摘要

    本文针对折叠式自行车进行结构优化设计,由于现有自行车存在的缺陷,特设计出这种多功能的折叠式健身自行车,以更好地满足目前的消费人群的需求,并希望得到广泛发展和应用。随着改革开放的不断深入,中国社会经济和人民消费水平显著提高,人民生活重点有所转移,更多地追求时尚、休闲、娱乐,健身成为了休闲的代名词。各式各样的健身器材广泛投入市场,却仅仅局限在室内,固定的场所让运动变得乏味,而这种多功能的折叠式健身自行车能满足用户更多地需求,健身效果更佳。因此,设计一种容易操作、性能优越、方便携带的健身用品成为了一种必要。本文所设计的是一种多功能的折叠式健身自行车,它的优点是使用方便,锻炼效果明显,能随身携带,价格便宜,受场地因素影响小,对行业发展、革新有着重要意义。在本次设计过程中,作者绘制了总装三维图、装配图及其它重要零件图,并做了必要的校核计算,提出了设计方案。


关键词:折叠;自行车;结构


Folding Bicycle Structure Design

ABSTRACT

This paper folding bike for structure optimization design, due to the existing defects of bicycle, specially designed this kind of multi-function folding exercise bikes, in order to better meet the needs of the consumers, and hope to get extensive development and application. With the deepening of the reform and opening up, China's social economy and people's consumption level increased significantly, emphasis shifting people's life, more the pursuit of fashion, leisure, entertainment, fitness has become synonymous with leisure. All kinds of fitness equipment on the market, but limited in indoor, fixed places for sport become boring, but this kind of multi-function folding exercise bikes can satisfy more customers' needs, fitness effect is better. Therefore, design a kind of easy operation, superior performance, portable fitness equipment has become a necessity. In this paper, the design is a kind of multifunctional folding bicycles, it is easy to use, the advantages of exercise effect is obvious, can carry, cheap, small by site factors, the industry development, innovation, has important significance. In the design process, the authors draw the assembly 3D figure, block diagrams and other important part drawing, and make the necessary checking calculation, puts forward the design scheme.


Key words: Fold; Bicycle; Structure


目录

1 前言1

1.1 折叠式自行车的作用1

1.2 折叠式自行车2

1.3 齿轮2

1.4 轴3

1.5 结构设计准则4

2 方案选择5

2.1 折叠式自行车的控制和传动方式5

2.2 设计方案选型与分析5

2.3 方案的确定6

2.4 装配图的绘制6

2.5 传动动力参数6

2.5.1 折叠式自行车输出轴的转速6

2.5.2 折叠式自行车输入轴的转速7

2.5.3 折叠式自行车输出轴的功率7

2.5.4 折叠式自行车输入轴的功率7

2.5.5 折叠式自行车输出轴转矩7

2.5.6 折叠式自行车输入轴转矩7

3 传动件的设计8

3.1 齿条的设计8

3.1.1 材料选择及热处理8

3.1.2 齿条精度的选择8

3.1.3 齿条模数的选取9

3.1.4 齿条尺寸的确定9

3.2 齿轮的设计9

3.2.1 材料选择及热处理9

3.2.2 齿轮精度的选择10

3.2.3 齿轮齿数和模数计算11

3.2.4 几何参数的计算11

3.2.5 齿轮弯曲强度的验算11

3.2.6 齿轮圆周速度的计算12

3.2.7 齿轮齿条参数的计算结果12

3.3 链轮的设计12

3.3.1 链轮齿数12

3.3.2 链条节数12

3.3.3 功率计算13

3.3.4 链条节距13

3.3.5 实际中心距13

3.3.6 链速计算13

3.3.7 计算作用在轴上的压力14


4 传动轴和传动轴承的设计15

4.1 轴设计时应注意的事项15

4.1.1 轴的结构设计应注意事项15

4.1.2 确定轴结构尺寸时的注意事项15

4.2 折叠式自行车输入轴的设计16

4.2.1 轴的选材和许用应力的确定16

4.2.2 轴的基本直径16

4.2.3 轴径、轴长的确定16

4.2.4 校核轴的强度17

4.2.5 求危险截面弯矩,并绘制弯矩图17

4.3 折叠式自行车输出轴的设计18

4.3.1 轴的选材和许用应力的确定18

4.3.2 轴的基本直径18

5 轴承的选用19

5.1 滚动轴承19

5.2 滚动轴承的结构设计19

5.2.1 面对面排列(轴承正装)19

5.2.2 背对背排列(轴承反装)20

5.2.3 串联排列20

5.3 轴承的选择与计算20

6 车轮的选择21

7 轴承隔套和垫片的选用22

7.1 隔套装配尺寸链的计算22

7.2 止动垫片的选用22

8 座板的设计23

9 设计方案特点及创新点24

参考文献............25

致谢.................26


1前言

1.1折叠式自行车的作用

折叠式折叠式健身自行车是一种集运动、休闲、娱乐于一身的机械产品,车体由车架、链轮、车轮组成,但由于传动方式、用途不同,其结构也存在很大的差异。本设计针对目前市场上拥有多种室内外健身器材,如跑步机、划船器、直立式固定脚踏车等,然而这些健身器材绝大部分均为固定式,且多数仅在室内使用,而且价格较高,健身效率不高的情况下所开展的机械结构设计,设计中包括其传动机构、健身实用性、工艺性等综合方面的设计。


内容简介:
广东技术师范学院天河学院 本科毕业设计外文翻译译文 学生姓名 张奇志 院(系) 广东技术师范学院天河学院 专业班级 机械设计制造及其自动化 指导教师 朱亚峰 完成日期 2013 年 10 月 23 日 ntsMachinery Design and Manufacture Machinery Design as a key component of mechanical engineering, has a long history and a complete system. With the development of mechanical design technology and the continuous improvement of technical level, the traditional design of mechanical design technology has been unable to meet the current dynamism and innovation requirements. The traditional mechanical design technology is reviewed and the connotation of modern mechanical design technology, the application and the inner link between them, this paper expounds the mechanical design and the trend of the development of technology. Pointed out that the development of mechanical industry at the same time, the key is the development and application of modern mechanical design technology, and optimization of mechanical design technology is imperative. Machinery Design is based on the requirement, in view of the mechanical motion way, structure principle and balance of force and energy transfer and material and size of each components and overall consideration lubrication method, etc., make a comprehensive analysis and calculation, eventually into a specific description of the corresponding work of the design process. Mechanical design as a key component of mechanical engineering, plays a very important role in mechanical properties. Machinery design work quality and the quality of the product performance such as associated directly, and with the research cycle and the relationship between technical and economic benefit is very important. Traditional mechanical design techniques are often based on the design of the experience, as a whole by using mathematics and mechanics formula and chart, etc. As real as the design basis, according to the empirical formula and design, in the form of approximation coefficients and the design method of choice, more is given priority to with static design, use more intuitive design and experience design, this way the function of the products have been unable to meet the current needs and market requirements. Current design technology is based on computer technology, based on the network, in the modern management theory, according to a new mechanical design theory and method, the real achieve optimization and implementation results, has become a kind of quantitative dynamic scientific design ntspattern, the entire design process automation and efficiency, the main characteristics of two aspects. Machinery Design manufacturing and automation development direction of our country from the early 1980 s began to mechanical design and manufacturing and its automation development direction of the research and application work, some research institutions and large and medium-sized enterprises for the development and application of this technology have done a lot of work, and achieved some results. But compared with advanced countries such as Japan, there are still quite a gap. Any science is composed of basic theory, technology and engineering system perfect system. Mechanical automation in terms of technology and engineering system has great development, but the basic theory is still developing, is still very incomplete. So the future development direction has the following several aspects. 1.The mechanical and electrical integration Mechanical and electrical integration is the development of mechanical automation and extension, the traditional only to the integration of mechanical and electrical machinery products, is the only way out of the machinery industry development. 2.Intelligent Intelligent mechanical automation technology development in the 21st century is an important development direction. Here Intelligence is the description of machine behavior, is in the control theory, on the basis of absorption of artificial intelligence, operations research, computer science, fuzzy mathematics, psychology, physiology and new ideas, new methods, such as mixed Tun dynamics, simulation human intelligence, giving it a judgment reasoning, logical thinking, autonomous decision-making ability, to ensure our higher control goals. Admittedly, mechanical automation products have low intelligence, or one part of the intelligence, is entirely possible and necessary. 3.Modularity Modularity is an important and arduous project. Due to mechanical automation products and manufacturers, research and development has a standard mechanical interface, electrical interfaces, power, environmental interface mechanical automation ntsproducts unit is a very complicated but it is very important thing. As research integrating slows, intelligent, motor power unit, has a vision, image processing, identification and ranging, and other functions of the control unit can be done as well as a variety of typical operating mechanism. In this way, can use a standard cell rapidly develop new products, at the same time also can expand the scale of production. Obviously, from electrical products to be sure the benefits of standardization, seriation, standard mechanical automation units for production enterprise, or the production of mechanical automation, modularization will bring bright future to mechanical automation companies. 4.Network In the 1990 s, the outstanding achievement of computer technology is network technology. The rise of the network technology and the rapid development for science and technology, industrial production, the political, military, education, and the Peoples Daily life are of great change. All kinds of network to the global economy, production into an organic whole, the competition between enterprises are tending to globalization. Mechanical automation once developed new products, as long as its function and original, quality is reliable, soon will sell all over the world. Due to the popularity of the network, based on the network in all kinds of remote control and monitoring technology, and remote control of the terminal equipment is mechanical automation products. Fieldbus and LAN technology to make home appliances networking has become a trend. Using the home network connect all kinds of household electrical appliances into computer integrated appliances for the center with the computer system, make people fully enjoy all kinds of high technology in the home bring convenience and happy. Therefore, mechanical automation products will no doubt in the direction of network development. 5.Miniaturization Miniaturization emerged in the late 1980 s, refers to the mechanical automation to the trend of the development of the micro field. Called microelectronics mechanical systems abroad, or micro mechanical automation system, referring to the geometric size ntsof no more than 1 cm3 mechanical automation products, and to the micro and nanoscale development. Micro mechanical automation products small size, less energy consumption, flexible movement, in the biological medical, military, information has incomparable advantages. The bottleneck of micro mechanical automation development lies in the micro mechanical technology, micro mechanical automation product processing in fine processing technology, the ultra precision technology, it includes two categories, lithography and etching technology. 6.Greening Industrial developed to has brought great changes in peoples life. On the one hand, material is rich, comfortable; On the other hand, resource decrease, the ecological environment suffered serious pollution. So, people call for protection of the environment resources, return to nature. Green product concept arises at the historic moment under this voice, color change is the trend of The Times. Green products in the design, manufacture, use and destruction of life in the process, in particular the requirement of environment protection and human health, the ecological environment harmless or the harm is few, the highest utilization rate of resources. Design of green machinery automation products, has broad development prospects. Mechanical automation products of greening is mainly directed is polluting the environment, scrap can be recycled after. 7.Personalization Mechanical automation in the future pay more attention to products and the relationship between the people, the personification of the mechanical automation has two meanings: one is mechanical automation products eventually use object is a person, how to give mechanical automation of intelligence, emotion, human nature is more and more important, especially for domestic robots, the top boundary is the man-machine integration; Another layer is to imitate the biological mechanism, the development of all kinds of mechanical automation products, and, in fact many mechanical automation products are inspired by animals developed. In todays society science and technology changes with each passing day, various ntsnew technologies appear constantly, and mechanical design along with the science and technology content of products, mechanical design of the technical level of the competition is already hots up, in the fierce market competition, to be in the invincible position, must continue to improve technology, reduce costs, improve work efficiency, also is the developing trend of mechanical design methods and direction. With the development of science and technology, the popularity of computer network technology, mechanical design methods have substantial change, new results not abundant thoughts of mechanical design, theory and methods, to promote the development of mechanical design and change. The general mechanical designer, should constantly update the design thinking and method, the better use of modern science and technology, constantly improve the design level, promote the competitiveness of the market. nts外文中文翻译: 机械设 计与制造 机械设计作为机械工程的一个关键组成部分,具有较悠久的历史和完整的系统。随着机械设计技术的发展和技术水平的不断提高,过去传统的机械设计技术已经无法满足当前设计动态化和创新化得要求。综述了传统机械设计技术与现代机械设计技术的内涵、应用及它们之间内在联系,阐述了机械设计技术未来的发展趋势。同时指出当前机械工业的发展,关键是开发、应用现代机械设计技术,而优化机械设计技术已势在必行。 机械设计是依据使用要求,针对机械工作结构原理及运动方式,兼顾力和能量的传递和各器件的材质及尺寸,同时统筹考虑润滑方法等情况, 进行综合分析和计算,最终转化成为具体的描述的相应工作设计过程。机械设计作为机械工程的一个关键组成部分 , 在机械性能方面起着十分重要的作用。机械设计工作的质量和机械产品的质量性能等直接相关联,并与研究周期以及技术经济效益有着十分重要的关系。传统的机械设计技术往往以经验总结作为设计基础,统筹运用数学及力学既有公式和图表等作为实际为设计依据,根据经验公式以及近似系数等方式进行设计,在设计方法选择上,多以静态设计为主,多采用直觉设计和经验设计,这种方式已经无法满足当前产品的功能需要以及市场要求。当前设计技术是以计算 机技术为依托,以网络为基础,在现代管理理论支撑下,根据全新的机械设计理论、和方法,真正达到和实现计算结果最优化,已经成为一种定量动态化得科学设计模式,整个设计过程具有自动化和高效化两方面的主要特点。 机械设计制造及其自动化的发展方向我国从 20 世纪 80 年代初才开始机械设计制造及其自动化发展方向这方面的研究和应用工作,研究机构及一些大中型企业对这一技术的发展及应用做了大量的工作,并取得了一定的成果。但与日本等先进国家相比,仍有相当差距。任何一门科学都是由基础理论、技术和工程系统组成的完善体系。机械自动化在技 术和工程系统方面已有很大的发展,但基础理论方面尚在发展中,还很不完备。所以今后的发展方向有如下几个方面。 4.1 机电一体化 机电一体化就是机械自动化的发展和延伸,传统的机械产品只有向机电一体化方向发展,才是机械工业发展的唯一出路。 4.2 智能化 nts智能化是 21 世纪机械自动化技术发展的一个重要发展方向。这里所说的“智能化” 是对机器行为的描述,是在控制理论的基础上,吸收人工智能、运筹学、计算机科学、模糊数学、心理学、生理学和混饨动力学等新思想、新方法, 模拟人类智能,使它具有判断推理、逻辑思维、自主决策等 能力,以求得更高的控制目标。诚然,使机械自动化产品具有低级智能或人的部分智能,则是完全可能而又必要的。 4.3 模块化 模块化是一项重要而又艰巨的工程。由于机械自动化产品种类和生产厂家繁多,研制和开发具有标准机械接口、电气接口、动力接口、环境接口的机械自动化产品单元是一项十分复杂但又是非常重要的事。如研制集减速、智能减速、电动机于一体的动力单元,具有视觉、图像处理、识别和测距等功能的控制单元以及各种能完成典型操作的机械装置。这样,可利用标准单元迅速开发出新的产品,同时也可扩大生产规模。显然,从
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