英译汉表达难.doc

英译汉：表达难翻译理解占四成，表达占六成。 （著名翻译家萧乾）逐字死译往往不是损害原文的思想就是损害译文语言的正确性，或者两者都损害。 （费罗道夫）时下的译文，有许多是看不懂的，因为译者对原文没有透彻了解，只好逐字移译，有人以为是忠实，其实这是偷懒和取巧。这样的译文用不着熔铸和洗炼的工夫，只把原文硬搬过来就行。 （王宗炎）我做译者一向守一个原则：要译原意，不要译原文。只顾表面的原文，不顾后面的原意，就会流于直译、硬译、死译。 (余光中)短句也难译1. It was a cold winter day. 译文一 这是一个寒冷的冬天。译文二 这是寒冬的一天。译文三 这是冬天的寒冷的一天。改译 2. Late in the afternoon of a chill day in February 译文 二月的寒冷的一天下午，。改译 3. on one sunshiny morning in June,译文 在六月的一个阳光灿烂的早晨，改译 4. What a funny name!译文一 多么有趣的名字！译文二 这名字多有趣！译文三 多好玩的名字啊！改译 5. His best jokes fell flat. 译文 他最好笑的笑话都没能引人发笑。改译 6. A new dignity crept into his walk. 译文 一种新的尊严悄悄潜入了他的步态中。改译7. Journalists fired questions at him.译文 记者们向他提了许多问题。改译 8. John prefers film to stage plays.译文 比起戏剧来，约翰还是喜欢电影。改译 9. Gravity is what makes you weigh what you weigh.译文 地心引力使你有了你的重量。改译 10. Being a metal, Mercury is not a solid. 译文 作为一种金属，贡不是固体。改译11. The African has no political personality.译文 非洲人没有政治人格。改译 12. Mike walks with a half-apologetic roll.译文 迈克半带歉意摇摇晃晃地走起路来。改译13. Ethan kept his hand clasped on hers a moment longer than was necessary.译文 伊坦握住她的手，比必要的时间长了一会儿。改译 14. His drawing of children is exceptionally good.译文 他的小孩画特别好。改译15. Inflation has now reached unprecedented level. 译文 通货膨胀现在已经发展到空前的水平。改译16. The pictures gripped my imagination. 译文 这些画抓住了我的想象力。改译17. I am afraid the joy is too great to be true. 译文 我怕这场欢喜太大了，以致于不是真的。改译18. You are driving too fast for safety.译文 你开车太快了，以致于不安全。改译19. We have also admired your exceptional intellectual qualities, your experience and your kindness. 译文 我们也钦佩你的过人才智，你的经历和你的和蔼。改译20. who is a good Christian, a good parent, child, wife or husband.译文 好基督徒，好父母，好孩子，好妻子或好丈夫。改译21. Revolution in the Marxist sense means a moral as well as a material change. 译文 马克思主义所谓的革命，意味着精神和物质的变革。改译注意动词的时态22. They are leading a happy life.译文 他们过着幸福的生活。改译23. Lastly, a successful scientist is highly imaginative. 译文 最后，成功的科学家具有高度的想象力。改译 24. I was too aggressive. He is spoiled. 译文 我太过分了。他给宠坏了。改译 25. Heikal was the late Nassers alter ego and he is a close friend of President Sadar.译文 海卡尔是纳赛尔的化身，又是萨达特总统的亲密朋友。改译 26. The superpowers are beside themselves with rage at the Chinese bomb. They reckoned that the two “atomic giants” could themselves rule the atomic roost. 译文 超级大国对于中国的原子弹气得发狂，他们以为自己这两个“原子巨人”可以在原子弹方面称王称霸。改译 无生物主语英语句子的翻译27. This medicine will make you feel better.译文 这药会使你觉得好些。改译28. Science demands of men great effort and complete devotion. 译文 科学需要人们巨大的努力和无限的热爱。改译29. These three steps constituted an epochal advance. 译文 这三个步骤构成了一个划时代的进展。改译30. Careful comparison of them will show you the difference. 译文 仔细比较它们就会显示其中的不同。改译31. Business took me to town. 译文 生意上的事使我进了城。改译 32. His wealth enables him to do anything. 译文 他的财富使他什么都能做。改译33. Bad weather prevented us from starting. 译文 坏的天气阻止了我们出发。改译 34. A few steps across the lawn brought me to a large, splendid hotel.译文 穿过草地的几步路带我到了一个华丽的大旅馆。改译 35. His work made it impossible for him to get home oftener than every other weekend. 译文 工作使他不可能回家多于隔周一次。改译 36. Machinery had made the products of manufactories very much cheaper than formerly. 译文 机械使工厂的产品比以前便宜得多。改译 抽象名词译成动词37. The sight of the orphan always reminds me of her parents. 译文 那个孤儿的目光总使我想到她的父母。改译 38. A bit of knowledge kept me from making a big mistake when an important question was to be decided. 译文 一点知识使我在决定重大问题的时候，还没有犯大的错误。改译 39. My hunger and the shadows together tell me that the sun has done much travel since I fell sleep. 译文 我的饥饿以及日影的倾斜告诉我，我睡着了以后，太阳已经走过很远的路了。改译 40. The growing awareness by millions of people of their intolerable condition of life had prompted them to relinquish the present social system. 译文 千百万人民对于他们那种不可容忍的生活状况的逐步的觉醒，已经促使他们放弃现行的社会制度。改译41. The international food shortage had a direct impact on Kuwait and other barren desert countries. 译文 国际粮食的缺乏，对科威特和其他不毛的沙漠国家产生了一种直接的影响。 改译42. The presence of the Indians here at the time of Columbus arrival has been sufficient proof of it. 译文 哥伦布来到美洲的时候，印第安人的在场就是它的足够证据。改译43. And this failure to recognize and analyze the interrelationship of linguistic and non-linguistic problems produces two major signs of ineffectiveness. 译文 语言问题和非语言问题之间相互关系的认识和分析失败，导致了两个主要的无效迹象。改译44. The failure of the teaching of grammatical rules to ensure correctness of expression has caused many people to throw grammar aside. 译文 语法规则的讲授在保证正确表达方面的失败，使得许多人把语法搁置一旁。改译45. The existence of organic chemistry is justified by the importance of carbon compounds or mixtures in our lives. 译文 碳的化合物或混合物在我们日常生活中的重要性，证明有机化学存在的必要性。改译46. Their strength lay in the lack of consciousness on the part of the people.译文 他们的力量在于人民缺乏意识。改译47. His progress in the language naturally made his work more easy and pleasant.译文 他在语言方面的进步自然使他的工作变得更轻松愉快了。改译48. The thought that she would be separated from her husband during his long and dangerous journey saddened Mrs. Brown.译文 在她丈夫那漫长而危险的旅程时间内她将和他分离的这个思想使布朗太太悲伤。改译某些副词译成短句49. Interestingly, he never knew that he was the victim of his won joke. 译文 他有趣地不知道，他是在自作自受。改译50. If the hearts blood supply becomes dangerously low, . the patient will have a heart attack. 译文 如果心脏的血液供应危险性的低，病人就会心脏病发作。改译51. The cruel murder of the patriots by the South African white regime has understandably aroused worldwide indignation. 译文 南非白人政权残酷杀害爱国志士的行径，可以理解地激起了全世界人民的义愤。改译52. He also concluded that insight into prehistoric cultures should ideally proceed from knowledge of living cultures.译文 他还得出这样的结论：要对史前各种文化有深刻的认识，应从了解现存的各种文化理想地着手。改译53. If, instead of two protons, the nucleus of an atom should contain three protons, we would normally find four neutrons in that nucleus. 译文 如果一个原子核不是含有两个而是三个质子，我们就能正常地在这个原子核中发现四个中子。改译54. It was a tense meeting, but in typically Arab fashion the men who had been ready to kill one another in the morning were kissing one another in the evening. 译文 这次会议气氛有些紧张，然而，早上还准备拼个你死我活的那些冤家，到了晚上却以典型的阿拉伯风格相互亲吻了。改译比较级的表达55. She liked to be with him better than with others. 译文一 她喜欢和他在一起，并不那样喜欢和别人在一起。译文二 她喜欢和他在一起，胜过和别人在一起。译文三 和他在一起，比和别人在一起，是她更加喜欢的。译文四 她觉得跟他比跟别人在一起更开心。译文五 她觉得跟他在一起比跟谁都开心。改译56. Nothing demonstrated more his sincere love of music than the fact that he had made new English translations of the entire vocal works of Bach.译文 没有什么比他把巴赫的全部声乐作品重新译成英语更能说明他酷爱音乐的事实了。改译57. He is more good than bad. 译文 他好的方面比坏的方面多。改译58. It seems that the so-called division between the pure scientist and the applied scientist is more apparent than real. 译文 看来，理论科学家和应用科学家之间的所谓界限，实际的比表面的要多。改译59. The oceans do not so much divide the world as unite it.译文 海洋把世界分隔开来，没有象把它连接起来的多。改译60. The beauty of this city is more than words can describe. 译文 这个城市的美丽超过了言语所能描绘的。改译61. Peace is much more than the absence of war. 译文 和平比没有战争要多多了。改译62. What more have we to guide us in nine-tenth of the most important affairs of daily life than hypotheses?译文 我们日常生活中十之八九最重要的事情，还有什么比假设更多的东西可以作为指导呢？改译63. The greatness of a people is no more determined by their number than the greatness of a man is determined by his height. 译文 一个民族的伟大取决于其人口的多寡，不比一个人的伟大取决于他的身高多多少。改译64. He is not fond of playing chess any more than you are. 译文 他不喜欢下棋，不比你多多少。改译65. It is not easy to give away money any more than it is to make money. 译文 花钱不比赚钱容易多少。改译66. Everyone acknowledges that Newton was a great man; yet few have more than the vaguest acquaintance with his living personality.译文 大家都承认牛顿是一位伟人，但是对于他的生前为人，很少人超过模糊的认识。改译67. Of his father Robert Newton, little more is known today than that he was the father of Isaac Newton. 译文 关于他的父亲罗伯特牛顿，今天知道的很少多于他是艾萨克牛顿的父亲（这个事实）。改译68. No one can be in China more than a few hours without sensing an enormous optimism. 译文 任何人在中国待上几小时以上，就会感觉到一种巨大的乐观主义精神。改译 长句译成短句69. Im not the first man who has made mistakes. 译文 我不是第一个犯错误的人。改译70. The idea grew with him as he grew into manhood.译文 那个思想随着他长大成人而成熟了。改译 71. The air seemed almost sticky from the scent of bursting buds. 译文 空气由于刚开放的花蕾发出的香味似乎变得几乎是黏糊糊的了。改译 72. There are stories too of early African voyages to America.译文 也有一些关于非洲人最初航海到美洲的传说。改译 73. There were many forces at work which made virtually inevitable the discovery of America at about the time Columbus accomplished it. 译文 有许多力量在哥伦布发现美洲的那个时期前后起着作用，使美洲的发现成为实际不可避免的事。改译74. The South Africa has successfully evolved its own pattern of leading the people of the Territory along the path of “progress” and “self-realization.”译文 南非已经成功地发展了它的领导托管地各部族人民沿着“进步”和“自治”的道路前进的自己的模式，。改译75. His delegation agreed with the Executive Director that the fund should continue working for a better understanding of the interrelationship between economic, social and demographic factors.译文 他的代表团同意执行主任关于基金会应该继续为更好地了解经济、社会和人口的相互关系而努力的意见。改译76. Somebody tapped me on the shoulder. I looked up from the exercise books of my young pupils, which I was just correcting, into the lined, kindly face of a little lay sister. 译文 有人拍了拍我的肩膀。我抬起头来，把目光从我正在批改我那些小学生的作业簿移开，看见了那个满脸皱纹，和蔼可亲，个子不高的做杂役的修女。改译77. The Jim Crow system of segregated and second class housing, school and job for Negro, Puerto Rican and Mexican Americans was unchanged. 译文 对美国的黑人、波多黎各人和墨西哥人的住房、学校、工作实行隔离和分成次等的迫害黑人的政策仍然未变。改译神来之笔78. The reverberations of fighting between the forces of India and Pakistan are reaching us in increasing volume. 译文 印巴军队间的战斗声的回响，传到我们这里来，声音越来越大。改译79. It is well said, in every sense, that a mans religion is the chief fact with regard to him.译文 有句话说得好，从任何意义上说，一个人的宗教是有关他的主要事实。改译80. Many volumes, rather than pages, would be required to do justice to the statesmen, soldiers, philosophers, poets, historians, and other famous men of the Sung Dynasty.译文 要公正对待宋朝的那些政治家、军人、哲学家、诗人、史学家以及其他知名人士，需要若干卷而不是几张纸。改译81. He had left a note of welcome for me, as sunny as his face. 译文 他留下一封和他的脸一样灿烂的短信，对我表示欢迎。改译 82. These alternations of mood were the despair and joy of Ethan Frome.译文 这些情绪上的交替变化也就成了伊坦的灰心和欢乐。改译when的译法83. He was about to give up the question, when suddenly he found the answer.译文 他正要放弃这个问题，当他忽然找到了答案的时候。改译 84. I went out for a walk, when I met him.译文 当我碰见他的时候，我正在散步。改译 85. The conflict began, when it soon appeared which was the stronger of the two.译文 当两者之间的强弱很快表明的时候，战斗开始了。改译 86. He walked when he might have taken a car. 译文 当他可以坐车去的时候，他步行了。改译87. He gave up politics when he might have made a great career in it. 译文 当他在政治方面大有可为的时候，他放弃了。改译 88. But I ask why it is called “homeland” when the South African government plans to abolish this reserve. 译文 但我要问一问，当南非政府计划废除这个保留地的时候