定语从句精讲与练习.doc

定语从句精讲与练习一. 定语从句的功用和结构 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词who, whom, whose, which 和that,和关系副词when, where, why。例如：This is the present that he gave me for my birthday.Do you know everybody who came to the party?I still remember the night when I first came to the village?This is the place where Chairman Mao once lived.二. 关系代词和关系副词的功用 关系代词和关系副词用来引导定于从句，在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，使二者联系起来。关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系待客做主语，宾语，定语，关系副词可作状语。1. 作主语：关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致。如：I dont like people who talk much but do little.The cars which are produced in Hubei Province sell very well.2. 作宾语：She is the person that I met at the school gate yesterday.The book that my grandmother gave me is called “The Great Escape”.3. 作定语关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。例如：Whats the name of the young man whose sister is a doctor?The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard.4. 作状语Ill never forget the day when I first came to Beijing.This is the house where I was born.三. 各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法1. who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。例如： The person who broke the window must pay for it. The boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever.2. whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语。例如： Do you know the young man (whom) we met at the gate？ Mr. Lee (whom) you want to see has come.3. whose 指人，在定语从句中作定语。例如： The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today. I know the boy whose father is a professor.4. which指物，在定语从中作主语或宾语。例如： A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words. Here is the book (which) the teacher mentioned yesterday.5. that多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。例如： Ive read the newspaper that(which) carries the important news. Who is the person that is reading the newspaper over there?6. when 指时间，在定语从句中作状语。例如： Ill never forget the time when we worked on the farm. He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.7. where 指地点，在定语从句中作状语。例如： This is the house where we lived last year. The factory where his father works is in the east of the city.四. 关系代词 whom， which 在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间，有时为了关系紧凑也可以将 whom 与 which 与先行词紧挨着书写，而将介词置于定语从句的后面，如：That was the room in which we had lived for ten years. = That was the roomwhich we had lived in for ten years. 五. 具体使用时还要注意下列问题：1. 只能使用that,不用which 的情况：(1) 先行词是all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代词时。例如： All that he said is true.(2) 先行词被only, no, any, all,等词修饰时。例如： He is the only foreigner that has been to that place.(3) 先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。例如： He was the second (person) that told me the secret.(4) 先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。 This is the best book (that) I have read this year.(5) 先行词既包括人又包括物时。例如： He talked about the people and the things that he remembered.(6) 主句是who或which开头的特殊疑问句中的定语从句Who is the man that came this morning? Which is the bag that you lost?(7) 先行词为the only, the very, the last, the same所修饰 He is the very person that the police are looking for.This is the only thing that I can remember. 定语从句练习单项选择1. The man _ talked to you just now is my father. A. who B. whom C. whose D. which 2. Please pass me the dictionary _ cover is blackA. whichB. that C. its D. whose3. The foreigner _ visited our school is from Canada. A. whichB. when C. who D. whom4. George Mallory was an English school teacher _ loved climbing. A. who B. whom C. he D. which5. I hate people _ talk much but do little. A. whoseB. whomC. which D. who6. -Does the teacher know everybody _ planted the trees? -Yes, he does. A. which B. whose C. where D. who7. I hate the people _ dont help others when they are in trouble. A. who B. which C. they D. where8. I like the sweater _ looks very beautiful. A. that B. what C. who D. / 9. The film _ he saw yesterday is very interesting. A. where B. when C. which D. what10. Mr. White, _ car had been stolen, came to the policeman. A. whoB. thatC. whoseD. which11. The girl _an English song in the next room is Toms sister. A. was singing B. is singing C. sang D. who is singing12. He still lives in the room _ window faces to the east.A. which B. whose C. where D. of which13. -Where is the scientist _ gave us the talk yesterday? -He has gone back to Qinghua University. A. whom B. who C. whose D. which14. The letter _ I received from him yesterday is very important. A. whoB. whereC. whatD. that15. This is the book about _ you talked yesterday. A. which B. that C. who D. what 定语从句专项练习一. 用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空1. The house _ we live in is very big.2. The boy _ is wearing the black jacket is very clever.3. This is the present _ he gave me for my birthday.4. The man _ talked to you just now is an engineer.5. He talked about the teachers and schools _ he had visited.6. There is nothing in the world _ can frighten him.7. She wears a gold ring _ is very beautiful.8. We visited a factory _ makes toys for children.9. Is this the place _ your father once lived?10. Ill never forget the days _ I joined the League.二. 用关系代词或关系副词将下列每对句子连成一个复合句1. The boy is my younger brother. He was here a minute ago.2. The old man is a professor. He teaches chemistry in a college.3. The book is very interesting. I borrowed it last Sunday.4. The woman is here now. You were talking about her.5. This is the hall. We listened to the report in it last week.6. The car was going 90 miles an hour. The car just passed us.7. The man waved to us. The man was my uncle.8. I enjoyed reading the book. You gave me a book last week.9. I prefer the subject. The subject is science.10. I spoke to the man. The man is a professor. 三. 单项选择1. A football fan is a person _ has a strong interest in football. A. that B. which C. whom D. what 2. The house _roof was destroyed in the terrible fire has been repaired. A. whose B. which C. its D. that 3. Can you lend me the novel _ the other day? A. that you talked B. you talked about it C. which you talked with D. you talked about 4. The matter _ you were arguing about last night has been settled. A. that B. what C. why D. for which 5. They talked for about an hour of things and persons _they remembered in the school.A. which B. that C. who D. whom 6. Who _ has common sense（常识） will do such a thing? A. which B. who C. whom D. that 7. All the apples _ fell down were eaten by the pigs. A. that B. those C. which D. what 8. They asked him to tell them everything _ he saw at the front. A. what B. that C. which D. where 9. Ill tell you all_ he told me last night. A. which B. what C. that D. / 10. A child _ parents are dead is called an orphan. A. who B. whos C. whose D. which 11. This is the museum _ you visited the other day? A. that B. where C. in which D. / 12. He lived in a small village _ was a long way from the railway station. A. itB. whenC. whereD. which13. -How do you like the book? -Its quite different from the one _ I read last month. A. that B. which C. / D. A, B and C 14. I like the second football match _ was held last week. A. which B. who C. that D. /15. The train _ she was traveling was late. A. which B. where C. on which D. in that 16. Those _ not only from books but also through practice will succeed. A. learn B. who C. that learns D. who learn 17. Can you see that girl _name is Lily? A. who B. whose C. which D. whom 18. -Who is the man _ was talking to our English teacher? -Oh! Its Mr. Baker, our maths teacher. A. he B. that C. whom D. which19. He often helps the students _ are not quick at their studies. A. whom B. who C. whose D. /20. -Have you read the books?-Yes. Ive read all the books _you gave me. A. which B. what C. that D. who21 We visited the factory _ makes toys for children. A. where B. which C. in which D. /22. Mr. Crossett will never forget the day _ he spent with his students. A. when B. which C. during which D. on which 23. This is just the place _ I am longing to live in these years. A. that B. where C. in which D. to where 24. The letter _ I received from him yesterday is very important. A. whoB. whereC. whatD. that25. The hotel _ during our holidays stands by the seaside. A. we stayed at B. where we stayed at C. we stayed D. in that we stayed 26. Do you know the student _?A. whom I often talkB. with who I often talk C. I often talk with D. that I often talk27. The village _ I once worked has changed a lot. A. which B. where C. that D. /28. The dinner was the most expensive meal we _. A. would have B. have had C. had never had D. had ever had 29. He still lives in the house _ is in the north of the city. A. which B. whose C. where D. that30. He still lives in the house _ there is a beautiful table. A. which B. whose C. where D. that31. _ who leaves the room last should turn off the lights. A. Anyone B. Who C. Those D. That32. _ who leave the room last should turn off the lights. A. Anyone B. Who C. Those D. That33. The life we were used to _ greatly since 1992. A. change B. has changed C. changing D. have changed34. The great day we looked forward to _ at last. A. come B. came C. coming D. comes 35. He did everything he could _ the old man. A. to save B. save C. saving D. saved36. Anyone _ this opinion may speak outA. that are againstB. that against C. who is against D. who are against37. Mr. Smith is one of the foreign experts who _ in ChinaA. works B. is working C. are working D. has been working38. He is the one of the students who _ from America.A. comes B. come C. came D. are coming 39. All that can be eaten _ eaten up. A. are being B. has been C. had been D. have been40. - Do you know the town at all? - No, this is the first time I _ here. A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming 四请找出下列各句中的错误并加以改正。 1. This is the factory where we visited last week. 2. This is the watch for that Tom is looking. 3. The person to who you spoke is a student of Grade Two. 4. The house that we live is very small. 5. Everything your parents have done it is good to you.6. The place where I visited yesterday is very beautiful.7. Do you have anything which you dont understand?8. This is the best TV which is made in China.9. Thisisthe