语法讲解 定语从句

定语从句（The Attributive Clause） 在复合句中, 修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。如：The man who lives next to us sells vegetables. You must do everything that I do. 上面两句中的man和everything是被定语从句修饰的词, 叫先行词, 其后的黑体部分为定语从句, 其中who和that叫做关系代词。引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who（宾格whom, 所有格whose）和关系副词where, when, why等。关系代词或关系副词处在先行词和定语从句之间, 起着连接主从句、指代先行词和在从句中作句子成分的三重作用。1关系代词that, which, who引导的定语从句：关系代词例句that在从句中作主语或宾语指物1）A plane is a machine that can fly. （作主语）2）The noodles (that) I cooked were delicious. （作宾语）指人1）Who is the man that is reading a book over there?（作主语）2）The girl (that) we saw yesterday was Jims sister. （作宾语）which在从句中作主语或宾语指物1）They planted some trees which didnt need much water. （作主语）2）The fish (which) we bought this morning were not fresh. （作宾语）who, whom在从句中分别作主语或宾语指人1）The foreigner who visited our class yesterday is from Canada. （作主语）2）The boy who broke the window is called Tom. （作主语） 3）The person to whom you just talked is Mr Li. （作宾语）4）Mrs Read is the person whom you should write to. （作宾语）2 由关系代词whose引导的定语从句： 关系代词whose为关系代词who的所有格形式, 用作名词的限定语, whose引导的定语从句既可为限制性的, 也可为非限制性的。先行词既可为人, 也可为物, whose和它所修饰的名词在定语从句中可作主语及动词或介词的宾语。如：Sarah got an email from the woman whose house we visited last week. I went to see my friends, the Smiths, whose children I used to look after when they were small. The room whose window faces south is mine. He has written a book whose name Ive forgotten. = He has written a book the name of which Ive forgotten. = He has written a book that Ive forgotten the name of. = He has written a book of which Ive forgotten the name. 3 由关系副词when, where, why引导的定语从句：关系代词例句when在从句中作时间状语October 1st, 1949 is the day when (=on which) the Peoples Republic of China was founded.Ill never forget the time when (=during which) we worked on the farm.Do you remember the afternoon when (=on which) we first met three years ago?where在从句中作地点状语This is the place where (=at/in which) we first met.The hotel where (=in which) we stayed wasnt very clean.I recently went to the town where (=in which) I was born.Id like to live in a house where (=in which) there is plenty of sunshine.why在从句中作原因状语I didnt get a pay rise, but this wasnt the reason why (=for which) I left.The reason why (=for which) he was late was that he missed his train.4 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句：1）限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语, 如果去掉, 主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切, 写时不用逗号分开。限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略。如： What is the name of the tall man who just came in? Beijing is a city (that) Ive always wanted to visit. He has found the book (that) he was looking for. She married a man (that / whom / who) she met on a bus. This was the time when the two countries were at war. 2) 非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不十分密切, 只是对先行词作些附加的说明, 如果去掉, 主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开, 一般不用that引导。非限制性定语从句中, 关系词不可省略。如： Beijing, which is the capital of China, has a very long history. Yesterday I met Li Ping, who seemed to be very busy. St Petersburg, which is a very beautiful city, was once called Leningrad. 说明： (1) 在限制性定语从句中, 在某些表示时间、地点的词后, 关系副词在口语中有时省略。如： That was the year (when) I first went abroad. We need a place (where) we can stay for a few days. (2) 关系副词why引导的定语从句的先行词只有reason一词, why可转换为for which. 在口语中可用that或者省略。如： 1. he reason (why / for which / that) I bought the roses is that Mary likes them. (3) how不能用作关系副词,