unit20知识点补充教师版.doc

Unit20知识点补充一词类转换 按要求写出下列单词的适当形式。1.assist (vt.)协助，帮助 assistant(n.) 助手 assistance(n.) 帮助assistant (adj.)辅助的2. hand (n.)手 handy (adj.) 方便使用的 3. technical (adj.)技术上的 technique (n.) 技术technician(n.)技师，技工 4. starve (vi.) 挨饿 starvation(n.) 饥饿 5. equal (adj.)平等的 equality(n.) 平等 equal（vt.）等于 6. assess (vt.) 评定；估价assessment(n.) 评价；评估 7. electronic (adj.)电子的 electric (adj.) 电的，用电的 electrical（adj.）电的，电气科学的 8. specialist (n.) 专家special (n.) 专门的，特殊的 specialize（v.）专攻，使专门化 9. official (n.)官员 officer(n.)军官，（政府） 高级官员 official (adj.)官方的，正式的 officially(adv.) 官方地，正式地 10. wrestle (vi.) 摔跤，搏斗wrestler (n.) 摔跤选手wrestling (n.) 摔跤11. donate(vt.)捐赠，赠送donation(n.)捐赠donator (n.)捐赠者12. correspond (vi.)通信correspondent(n.)通讯员，记者correspondence (n.) 通信，信件13. phenomenon (n.)现象phenomena（复数）14. permit(v.)允许，准许 permission (n.)允许15.poison(n.)毒药，毒物poison(v.)下毒，使中毒 poisonous(adj.)有毒的二重要词组41. take over 接收；接管2. in a dilemma处于进退两难的困境3. not to mention 更不用说4. (in the) meanwhile / meantime 与此同时5. single out挑选出6. cure sb. of a disease 治愈某人的疾病7. wrestle with something 努力解决难事8. be dedicated to doing sth.致力于做某事9. by mistake / in error 错误地10. figure out理解11. range fromto 从到范围12. get across传达；使人了解13. 信息技术 information technology14. 人工智能 artificial intelligence15. 蓝牙技术 bluetooth technology16. 黑洞black hole17. 光年light year18. 搜索引擎 search engine19. 相对论theory of relativity20.太空竞赛 space race21. 垫脚石 a stepping stone22. 减少 drop off23. 而不是 rather than24. 万一；如果 in case25. 总之；最后in conclusion三核心单词1. electronic adj. 电子的This dictionary is available in electronic version.这部词典有电子版。辨析：electric为“电的，用电的，带电的”，指任何电动的或发电的装置，被修饰的物体本身可带电。electrical为“电的，与电有关的，电气科学的”，指与电有关的事物，被修饰的词本身并不能带电。运用：请使用electric, electrical, electronic填空。(1) Please connect the two electric wires.(2) He buried himself in an electrical book.(3) I love electronic music.2. instruction n. 使用说明，须知(常用复数)；指令，教育，教学I read the instructions on the bottle.我读了瓶子上的用法说明。Instruction knows no class distinction.教育无贵贱之分。(有教无类)辨析：explanation解释 description描述，描写拓展：give instructions to sb./ sth. 给某人发出指令运用：用instruction, explanation, description填空。(1)The beauty of the sunrise is beyond description. (2) Before taking the medicine, you ought to study the instructions or follow the doctors advice.(3)Reasonable as his explanation for his absence sounded, I wouldnt accept it.3. rescue vt. 挽救，救出(save.from harm or danger; set free)He rescued three children from the burning building.他从失火的建筑物内救出了三个孩子。辨析：(1)rescue多指在直接的危险或祸患中给予迅速和有效的救援，较save更能表达拯救的紧迫性，一般指救人；它还有从监禁中救出的意思。(2)save指通过救援不但使受害者(人或物)能脱离危险或祸患，而且使其能保存下来，有时可与rescue通用。从某种状态中把某人拯救出来多用save。运用：用rescue或save填空。(1)只有社会主义才能救中国。Only socialism can save China. (2)救生艇被派出去救沉船的水手。The life boat was sent out to rescue the sailors from the sinking ship. (3)消防队员行动及时，该建筑物方免遭焚毁。The quick action of the firemen saved the building from being burned down. 4. cure v. 治愈，治疗n. 治愈，疗法The only way to cure backache is to rest.治疗背痛的唯一办法是休息When I left the hospital I was completely cured.出院时，我已经完全痊愈了。There is still no cure for the common cold.目前仍没有治愈感冒的良药。提示：cure表示治病的良药(=medicine)时，后面接介词for。辨析：treat意为“治疗”，不一定治愈；cure则指“治愈”，且与treat搭配不同；heal意为“治愈”，但其多用于指治愈外伤（wound, injury, cut, burn etc.）。搭配：treat sb. for a disease治疗某人的（疾病） cure sb. of sth. 治好某人的（疾病）运用：补充下列句子。(1)治疗头痛的唯一方法就是休息。The only way to cure headache is to rest.(2)医生治好了他父亲的癌症。The doctor cured his father of cancer.5. permit v. 允许，容许 n. 许可证搭配：permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 permit doing sth.允许做某事注意：permit用做动词时，其后跟宾语(人)，则要加动词不定式作宾补；若不跟宾语(人)，则需要加动名词作宾语。类似的动词还有：allow, forbid, advise, recommend等运用：用permit翻译下列句子。(1)如果时间许可的话，我开完会就来。Ill come after the meeting if time permits.(2)他们不允许你抽烟。They dont permit you to smoke. (3)办公室里不允许抽烟。We dont permit smoking in the office. (4)你有没有取得驾照？Have you got a driving permit? 拓展：说出下列句子中划线部分的意思。(1)With your permission Ill leave now. (如果你许可)(2)You cant take photographs here without permission. (未经许可)6. declare vt. 宣布，公告 vi. 声明，表示She declared that he knew nothing about the accident.她声称她对这起交通事故一无所知。Jones was declared the winner.琼斯被宣布为冠军。We declared for their proposal.我们声明赞成他们的建议。说明：可接that从句，也可接形容词或名词作补语。 搭配：declare for声明赞成 declare against声明反对，表态反对运用：用declare翻译下列句子。(1)他声称自己是无罪的。(至少两种译法)He declared that he was innocent himself innocent /himself to be innocent.(2)人民声明反对这场战争。The people declare against the war. (3)我现在宣布会议开幕。I now declare this meeting open.拓展：declaration n. 宣布；公布 the Declaration of Independence 独立宣言announce (vt.) announcement (n.)通知；布告7. donate v. 捐献运用：用donate翻译下列句子。(1)她把自己的书捐赠给图书馆。She donated her books to the library.(2)献血是我们的义务。Donating blood is our responsibility.拓展：donation n. 捐献 联想：collect /raise money for sb./sth. 为某人/某事募捐四短语1. range fromto 从到范围 (=range betweenand)Leather shoes range from $10 to $30 a pair.皮鞋售价每双10美元至30美元不等。运用：用range fromto翻译下列句子。(1)价钱从7美元到10美元不等。Prices range between $7 and $ 10/range from $7 to $ 10. (2)他的兴趣从下棋到游泳，范围很广。His interests ranged from chess to swimming.2. look into 调查(= investigate / examine)The policemen have looked into the murder case. 警察已经介入调查这件谋杀案了。运用：用look into翻译下列句子。(1) 他们成立了一个委员会来调查这一事件。 They set up a committee to look into the matter. (2) 机器出了问题，我们正在检查。Something is wrong with the machine; we are looking into it.3. figure out 理解，算出，找到Ive never been able to figure him out. 我一直都不能理解他。运用：请说出下列句子中figure out的意思。(1)I cant figure out why he quit his job. (理解)(2) Have you figured out whats wrong with your car? (找到)(3) I have figured out how much the holiday will cost. (算出)五高级句型1. By the year 2015, the clothing industry will have produced new types of material that will remain stainless no matter what you spill on them. 2015年之前，服装工业将生产出新型的材料，不管你将什么东西洒在上面，都不会留下污点。结构分析: 整句是一个较复杂的主从复合句。that will remain stainless是定语从句，定语从句中又有由no matter what引导的让步状语从句。顺便提提，”by+将来时间”常与将来完成时连用，本句中主句的谓语will have produced就是