Unit 5 Music (B 2).doc

Unit 5 Music (B 2)Section 1 Warming Up, Reading & Comprehending重点知识精讲一、重点单词1. roll vt.& vi. 滚动；（使）摇摆；把卷起来We watched the waves rolling onto the beach. 我们注视着波浪涌向海滩。He was rolling a pencil between his fingers. 他用手捻动辄铅笔。She rolled over to let the sun brown her back. 她翻了个身，让太阳把她的背晒黑点。Roll up your sleeves. 把你的袖子挽起来。 n. 卷；摇晃Wallpaper is sold in rolls. 壁纸论卷销售。The kittens were enjoying a roll in the sunshine. 那些小猫在阳光下嬉戏打滚。【知识拓展】be rolling in money 非常富有；腰缠万贯roll around 周而复始；循环roll back 击退；使后退roll down 摇开；旋开roll in 大量涌入roll up 到达；摇起（车窗）；把卷起来2. match n. C 火柴；比赛；对手；敌手；配偶；相配的人或物Dont strike a match if you smell gas. 如果你闻到煤气的味的话，不要划火柴。Im going to watch the boxing match tonight. 今晚我要去看拳击赛。Im no match for you in tennis. 我打网球不是你的对手。Both of my daughters made good matches. 我的两个女儿都有很好的归宿。The trousers are not an exact match for my jacket. 这条裤子和我的夹克很不相配。 vt.& vi. 和匹敌；是的对手；与相配No one could match the boxer. 没有人能敌得过那个拳击手。Her clothes dont match her age. 她的衣着。【辨析】match，suit与fit match多指大小、色调、形状、性质等方面的搭配。The Peoples Great Hall and the Historical Museum match the Tiananmen beautifully. 人民大会堂和历史博物馆与天安门映衬，极为优美。 suit多指合乎需要、口味、性格、条件、地位等。Does the time suit you? 这个时间对你适合吗？No dish suits all tastes. 没有合每人口味的菜。(3) fit多指大小、形状合适，引申为“吻合、协调”。The new coat fits me well. 这件新衣我穿着大小合适。Try the new key and sees if it fits. 试试新配的钥匙，看看是否合适。3. pretend vt.&vi. 假装；装作；自称；自以为Im tired of having to pretend all the time. 我讨厌老要装假。He pretended to his family that everything was fine. 他对家人佯装一切都好。She didnt love him, though she pretended to. 她不爱他，虽然装出爱的样子。I cant pretend to any great musical talent. 我不能妄称自己多么有音乐天赋。【注意】pretend一般与不定式连用，可跟不定式的三种形式：pretend to be/ do（一般时）；pretend to be doing（进行时）；pretend to have done（完成时），分别表示动作的现在、进行和完成。She pretended to be a teacher. 她假装是一名老师。When she came in, she pretended to be reading. 当我进来的时候，她假装在看书。When I asked him to read the book, he pretended to have read. 当我叫他看书的时候，他假装自己已经看过了。4. attach vt.&vi. 系、绑、固定、连接、附上；喜欢；依恋、与联系起来Attach a recent photo to your application form. 申请表上请贴一张近照。The web was only attached to the leaf by one thread. 蜘蛛网只有一根细丝吊在叶子上。He attached a color printer to his computer. 他给自己的计算机连上了一台彩色打印机。She found herself growing deeply attached to the old lady. 她发现自己深深地喜欢上了这位老妇人。Both her parents attach great importance to education. 她的父母都认为教育很重要。【注意】attach通常与介词to搭配使用。attach sth to sth 将某事物与另一事物相联系attach a document to a letter 将文件附在信中attach labels to the luggage 把标签贴在行李上attach ones name 在上签名attach oneself to 依附于attach to 归因于；适用于be attached to 爱情；爱慕；景仰5. form vt. & vi. 形成；产生；使形成；排列；构成；组成；养成A plan began to form in her mind. 一个计划开始在她头脑中形成。He was been with the club since it was formed in 2007. 他从2007年这家俱乐部创立之初就一直支持它。The boys and girls formed a line behind their teacher. 孩子们在老师之后排成一条直线。Land ownership formed the basis of their wealth and power. 土地所有权成为他们财富和权力的基础。Her character was largely formed by the loss of her family in the war. 她的性格在很大程度上是由于在战争中失去亲人而养成的。 n. 种类；类型；形态；表格The car is by far the most popular form of transport. 汽车目前是最受欢迎的一种交通方式。Help arrived in the form of six heavily armed police officers. 6位全副武装的警官前来帮忙。Make sure you fill in the application form completely. 务必完整地填写申请表。【辨析】form与shape form强调的是抽象形式，指物质结构的形态。It is only a matter of form. 那只是形式上的问题。 shape强调的是具体的外形。The earth is like an orange in shape. 地球在外形上看起来像一个橘子。form，build，found，put up与set up五个词都含有“建造；建起”之意，但有所不同。 form意为“构成；形成”，强调所构成的东西必须具有外形或具有一定的结构或包括设计工作；另外还有“成立；创立”之意。Ten people form the committee. 十个人组成这个委员会。Group activities help to form a childs character. 团体活动对小孩的性格形成有帮助。 build意为“建设；建造”，既可以接具体名词，亦可接抽象名词。The house was built five years ago. 这房子是五年前建的Reading builds the mind. 阅读能增进智慧。 found意为“创立；创建”，指创立组织、机构、国家等，即可解具体名词也可接抽象名词。The hospital was founded in 1920. 这家医院创立于1920年。 put up意为“搭起；竖起；建立”，多节具体名词。They put up several tents in the forest. 他们在森林里搭起了几个帐篷。 set up意为“搭起；建起；创立；建立”，可接具体或抽象名词。The army has set up road blocks round the city. 军队已在城市四周设置了路障。Lucy and Paul are thinking of setting up house together. 露西和保罗正在考虑一起成家过日子。【知识拓展】form an idea 形成一种观点form good habits 养成好习惯in the form of 以的形式in form 形式上fill in the form 填写表格form into 形成；使形成form the habit of 养成的习惯take the form of 采取的形式be in form 状况良好be out of form 状态不佳6. passer-by n. 过路人；行人A few passers-by saw the accident. 有几个过路人目击了那次事故。注意passer-by的复数形式为passers-by，即在中心词passer的后面加“s”。【知识拓展】looker(s)-on 旁观者sister(s)-in-law 嫂子runner(s)-up 亚军story-teller(s) 讲故事的人film-goer(s) 去看电影的人7. earn vt. & vi. 挣；赚（钱）；赢得；获得She doesnt earn much money, but she enjoys the work. 她挣的钱不多，但她喜欢这份工作。His illness has affected his ability to earn. 他的病影响了他挣钱。His goals have earned him to place in the clubs first team. 他的进球为他在的俱乐部的首发阵容中赢得了一席之地。We had a fantastic lunch, but wed earned it. 我们午饭吃得很好，但这是我们应得的。【知识拓展】earn ones living 谋生earner n. 挣工资者earnings n. 工资；收益【辨析】earn，win，gain与obtain earn强调经过艰苦努力而获得的一种结果，其宾语多为金钱、荣誉和理应得到的东西。The old man earned his living as a fisherman. 这位老人以捕鱼为生。 win指在竞争、战争、比赛中获胜，并可能由此得到奖赏。Who is going to win the election? 谁将赢得大选？She won $1,000 in a competition. 她在竞赛中赢得了一千美元。 gain指获得有用或需要的东西，而且与win，earn不同，它是用在于钱没有关系的场合。He gained experience while working for the newspaper. 他在这家报社工作期间获得了经验。 obtain意为“获取；获得；买到”，多数情况下指通过较大的努力而获得急需的东西或达到某种目的，强调愿望的满足。I havent been able to obtain that record anywhere, can you obtain it for me? 我到处都弄不到那张唱片，你能替我弄到吗？8. extra adj. 额外的；特别的；外加的 adv. 额外地He packed an extra shirt in case he had to stay another day. 他多装了一件衬衫以防会多呆一天。You shall be at the office extra early tomorrow. 你明天要早早地到办公室。I am going to work extra hard. 我要特别努力地工作。Dinner costs $ 3, and wine is extra. 饭钱是三美元，酒水另计。【知识拓展】extra pay for extra work 多劳多得extra help 额外的帮助work extra hard 工作特别努力9. perform vt. & vi. 做；执行；履行；演出；表演；工作；运转（好/不好）She perform an important role in our organization. 她在我们组织中发挥着重要的作用。This operation has never been performed in the country. 这种手术从未在这个国家实施过。Im looking forward to seeing you perform. 我期待着看你演出。The play was first performed in 2008. 这个戏剧于2008年首次上演。The company has been performing poorly over the past year. 这家公司过去一年业绩欠佳。The engine seems to be performing well. 发动机似乎运转正常。【知识拓展】performance n. 表演；表现；执行performer n. 表演者；演员the performing arts 表演艺术10. celebrate vt. 庆祝；祝贺；表扬；赞美How do you celebrate Christmas? 你怎样庆祝圣诞节？She was celebrated as one of the finest dances of her generation. 她被称赞为她那一代舞蹈演员中的佼佼者。【知识拓展】celebration n. 庆祝；庆贺celebrated adj. 著名的；闻名的in celebration of 为举行庆祝活动【辨析】celebrate与congratulatecelebrate常指举行盛大、隆重的仪式庆祝，或纪念有意义的日子或时刻，后面直接跟事物作宾语。They celebrate his birthday. 他们庆祝他的生日。congratulate为及物动词，意为“祝贺；恭喜”，常用于congratulate sb. on/ upon sth，意为“就某事祝贺某人”。也可用名词congratulations，常用复数形式。We congratulate him on his success. 我们就他的成功向他表示祝贺。11. attractive adj. 有魅力的；有吸引力的The stories written by her are so attractive that the young want to read. 她写的故事如此吸引人以至于年轻人都想看。I find the idea of travel very attractive. 我觉得旅游这个主意非常有吸引力。【知识拓展】attract vt. 吸引；引起attraction n. 吸引力；魅力attract ones attention 引起某人的注意attract sb. to + n./ pron. 把某人吸引到have an/ no/ a little/ much attraction for sb. 对某人具有/不具有/有一点/很有吸引力tourist attraction 旅游景点二、重点短语1. dream of 梦见；梦想；渴望；想到；料到He sometimes dreams of his daughter. 他有时梦见自己的女儿。When I was young, I dreamed of becoming a scientist. 我年轻时，梦想成为一名科学家。All the people in the world dream of peace. 全世界人民向往和平。I little dreamed of seeing you here. 真没想到会在这里见到你。【知识拓展】dream vt.&vi. 梦见；想要dream a good dream 做个好梦dream of/ about (doing) sth. 梦想/梦到（做）某事beyonddream 超过的期望dream away ones time 虚度时光dream up 凭空想出；构思；创造；设计【注意】dream作不及物动词，构成短语dream of/ about (doing) sth.，意为“梦见/梦想（做某事）”；作及物动词，可接宾语和从句，表示“梦想到”，但其宾语多接dream作同源宾语。2. to be honest 说实话；说实在地（通常位于句首）To be honest, I dont approve of your plan. 说实话，我不赞成你的计划。To be honest, I dont like him very much. 老实说，我不太喜欢他。【知识拓展】honestly speaking 说实话；老实说to tell the truth be honest with 对说老实话generally speaking 一般来说to be frank (= frankly speaking) 坦率地说3. in cash 用现金；用现钱Payment can be made by cheque or in cash. 支票或现金付款均可。The thieves stole 500 in cash. 小偷盗走500英镑现金。【知识拓展】cash down 即付现款；即期付款cash in hand 现金支付cash on delivery 货到付款cash in (on sth) 从中牟利cash sth in 把兑成现金cash up/ out 结算当日进款4. play jokes/ a joke on (sb) 开（某人）玩笑；捉弄She likes plying jokes on her little brother. 她喜欢与她小弟弟开玩笑。The joke that he played on her was too terrible. 他跟她开的玩笑太过分了。【知识拓展】make fun of sb. 取笑某人play tricks on sb. 捉弄某人，愚弄某人laugh at sb. 嘲笑某人；讥刺某人for a joke 只是开玩笑have a joke 说笑话joke about 拿开玩笑5. rely on 依赖；依靠；信任；信赖You may not rely on the weather report. 天气预报不足为信。You can rely on him. 你可以信任他。【知识拓展】rely on sb. doing/ to do sth. 指望某人做某事；相信某人会做某事rely on it that 相信；指望rely on it 一定；确定depend on 依赖；依靠；信任；信赖；视而定；取决于6. get familiar with 熟悉；与熟悉起来The little boy is familiar with me. 这个小男孩跟我熟悉起来了。【注意】get familiar with中的get为系动词，也可用be代替。但前者强调动作，后者强调状态。要注意以下搭配： 人 与亲密；与熟悉人+be familiar with + 物 通晓物+be familiar to + 人 为所熟悉He is familiar with my family. 他和我家人的关系密切。He is familiar with three languages. 他通晓三种语言。Your name is familiar to me. 你的名字我很熟悉。7. or so 大约；左右（常位于数量词之后）Mr Brown will be back in a day or so. 布朗先生大约一天后回来。They had to wait an hour or so for the police to arrive. 到警察赶来，他们得等一小时左右。【辨析】or so，about，some，around与round以上单词或短语均可用作副词，除or so外都用在数次前面，表示“大约；大概；左右”，一般情况下可互换。or so要置于数量词之后。about不与several，a few，more than等连用，只与较肯定的数字连用。round多修饰时间和数额。some修饰时间和数额，但不能修饰点时间概念的数词。around多修饰时间和日期。There are some/ round 3,000 students in our school. 我们学校大约有三千名学生。Most guests started to make their way home around/ about 10 oclock. 大多数客人在十点钟左右开始回家。It will take us a week or so to finish the task. 完成这项任务将花费我们大约一周时间。8. break up 打碎；分裂；解体；散（会）；开始放假；驱散；拆散；（关系）破裂After midnight, the party broke up. 午夜以后，聚会散了。The struck tanker began to break up on the rocks. 被击中的游船触礁后开始断裂了。Three policemen were needed to break up the fight. 需要三名警察制止这场斗殴。When do you break up for Easter? 你们复活节什么时候开始放假？【知识拓展】break away from 脱离break down 出毛病；分解；身体垮掉break into 闯入break off 打断；折断break out 爆发break in 非法闯入；打断；插嘴break through 突围；冲破；取得突破性进展break away 逃走break into pieces 破成碎片 9. sum up 总结；概括；判断；估量To sum up, there are main ways of dealing with the problem. 概括起来说，这一问题主要有三种解决办法。Can I just sum up what weve agreed so far? 我能否把我们目前已经形成的共识作个概括？She quickly summed up the situation and took control. 她很快就看出是怎么回事，并控制住了局面。【知识拓展】sum. n. 金额；总和；全部in sum 总而言之summary n. 总结；概要10. in ones opinion 在某人看来In my opinion, this is a very sound investment. 依我看；这是一项十分合理的投资。In his opinion, people dont take enough exercise. 在他看来，人们运动的不够。【知识拓展】public opinion 公共舆论have a good/ bad/ high/ low opinion of sb./ sth. 对某人/某事评价好/不好/高/低a matter of opinion 看法问题be of the opinion that 相信三、 重点句型1. How does music make you feel? 音乐使你有什么感受？ 本句中使用了“make + 宾语+ 宾补（动词原形）”，即make sb. do sth.意为“使人干某事”，主动与台中要用省略to的不定式做宾补，但要变为被动语态时，则不能省略to。The teacher made him stay after school. 老师要他放学后留下来。He was made to stay after school. 他被要求放学后留下来。“make + 宾语 + 宾补”的其他几种形式：A: make + 宾语 + 形容词Therefore advertising, instead of making a product more expensive, often makes it cheaper. 因此，广告没有使产品更贵，相反常常使它更便宜。B: make + 宾语+ 过去分词We must make it known to the public that the pollution is very terrible. 我们必须让公众知道，污染太严重了。He raised his voice to make himself heard. 他提高了声音以便使他自己被听到。C: make + 宾语 + 名词By 1820 the population of New York has grown to about 125,000, making it the largest city in the USA. 到1820年纽约的人口已增长到12万5千人，使它成为美国人口最多的城市。We made him monitor of our class. 我们选他做我们的班长。D: make + 宾语 + 介词短语Make yourself at home. （招待客人时用语）请不要客气（就像在家一样）。【知识拓展】make ends meet 量入为出make for 走向；朝前进；有利于make from 用制成make into 把制成；使转变为make of 理解；看待make sth. out 辨认出；看出；开支票；理解；了解make up 编造；虚构（故事、接口等）；化妆；组成；补充make up for 偿还；赔偿；弥补make up of 由构成make up ones mind 下定决心make use of利用2. The TV organizers had planned to find four musicians who could act as well as sing. 电视制作人原计划寻找四位既能唱又能表演的乐手。句中had planned表示本计划做某事而没有实现。动词want，think，intend，expect，hope等的一般过去式与不定式的完成时连用。均可表示原先的打算或想法但实际上没有实现，也可用过去完成时来表示。I intended to have helped you (= I had intended to help you), but I had no money then. 我本想帮你，可当时我没钱。3. They put an advertisement in a newspaper looking for rock musicians, but 他们在报上登了广告，想招摇滚乐手，但是句中looking for rock musicians为分词短语，在句中作状语。分词在句中作状语，应根据句子的主语判断分词形式，若分词与句子主语之间为主动关系，用现在分词；若为被动关系，用过去分词，若分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前，则分词用完成式。Standing on the top of the mountain, we can see the whole city. 站在山顶上，我们能看见整座城市。Having finished his homework, he went out to play. 完成了作业之后，他出去玩了。4. Each week on TV, the Monkees would play and sing songs written by other musicians. 每个星期门基乐队都要在电视上演奏并歌唱其他乐手谱写的歌曲。句中written by other musicians是过去分词短语在句中作后置定语，修饰前面的songs。英语中，若分词与所修饰的名词之间为主动关系，用现在分词；若分词与所修饰的名词之间为被动关系，则用过去分词。Will the people sitting at the back please keep quiet? 坐在后面的人请保持安静好吗？The boy sitting there is my brother. 坐在那里的男孩是我的弟弟。The boy called Tom is my brother. 叫汤姆的男孩是他弟弟。【知识拓展】分词在句中作定语，且与所修饰的名词之间为被动关系，有三种形式：done，being done，to be done，分别表示过去，正在进行和将来时的被动。The meeting held yesterday is of great importance. 昨天召开的会议很重要。The building being built there will be a hospital. 那边正建的那座大楼将是一家医院。The problems to be discussed tomorrow are difficult to solve. 明天要讨论的问题很难解决。5. In the USA they became even more popular than the Beatles and sold even more records. 在美国，他们这个乐队甚至比“甲壳虫”乐队还要受欢迎，出售的录音专辑还要多。本句中的even用来修饰形容词的比较级。morethan意为“比更”。除even外，下列几种形式都可用来修饰形容词、副词的比较级： 程度副词，如far，much，any，still，a lot，a great deal等。It was hot yesterday. It is even hotter today. 昨天很热，今天甚至更热。Are you feeling better today? 你今天感觉好点了吗？ 名词词组，如a head taller，three years older等。Tom is a head taller than Jack. 汤姆比杰克高一头。She is three years older than her brother. 她比她弟弟大三岁。 数词，如one more chair，two more weeks等。I need two more weeks to finish the task. 我还需要两周时间才能完成这项任务。We need one more chair. 我们还需要一把椅子。【】知识拓展more than的本义为“比更”。more为形容词或副词的比较级形式。 more than后面跟名词，意为“不只是；不仅仅是”。He is more than our teacher; he is also our friend. 他不仅是我们的老师，还是我们的朋友。 more than与数词连用，意为“多于；大于；超过”。There are more than ten students in the classroom. 教室里十多个学生。 more than与形容词连用，意为“非常；十分”。Im more than glad to meet you here. 在这里遇到你我非常高兴。 more than和含有情态动词的句子连用，有否定意义，意为“是难以”或“超过了所能”。What he said was more than I could understand. 他所说的是我难以理解的。 morethan意为“与其说（后者），倒不如说（前者）；是（前者），而不是（后者）”。这时morethan跟两个对等成分，more后面的形容词词尾不变。He is more honest than wise. 与其说他聪明，倒不如说他诚实。 no more than后跟数字时，意为“仅仅；不过；只是”。There are no more than 10 apples on the table. 桌子上仅有十个苹果。 not more than后跟数字时，意为“不到；不超过”，没有嫌少之意，只表示实际情况。There are not more than 10 apples on the table.桌子上有不到十个苹果。例题点津(1)例题 1 At the age of 29, Dave was a worker, _ in a small apartment near Boston and _ what to do about his future. A. living; wondering B. lived; wondering C. lived; wondered D. living; wondered答案 A点拨 句意为“戴维29岁时是个工人，住在波士顿附近的一所小公寓里，对未来很迷惘。”living与wondering此处均为现在分词做伴随状语。例题 2 -How about your journey to Mount Emei? -Everything was wonderful except that our car _ twice on the way. A. slowed down B. broke down C. got down D. put down答案 B点拨 考查短语动词的辨析。句意为“-你去峨眉上的旅行怎么样？ -除了我们的车在途中抛锚两次，别的一切都很好。”slow down意为“减速”；break down意为“汽车抛锚、垮掉”；get down意为“写下；记下”；put down意为“击败；记下”。例题 3 Whats the _ of having a public open space where you cant eat, drink or even simply hang out for a while? A. sense B. matter C. case D. opinion答案 A点拨 本题所设的语境是“在不吃、不喝、不动的情况下是什么感觉？”sense意为“感觉”；matter意为“问题；麻烦”；case意为“情况；问题”；opinion意为“意见；看法”。四个选项中只有A项符合语境。例题 4 Though having lived abroad for years, many Chinese still _ the traditional customs. A. perform B. possess C. observe D. support答案 C点拨 observe在此句中意为“遵守；奉行（法律、协议或习俗等）”。句意为“尽管在国外居住了这么多年，许多中国人仍然遵循着传统的风俗习惯。”例题 5 Her shoes _her dress; they look very well together. A. suit B. fit C. compare D. match答案 D点拨 句意为“她的鞋和衣服很搭配，二者看起来很不错。”suit指时间、口味等合乎需要；fit指大小、尺寸合适；compare意为“比较；对照”；match指颜色、款式等的搭配。例题 6 -Did he say something in the lecture that _ year? -Not really, actually I felt sleepy over his speech. A. adjusted to B. attached to C. referred to D. appealed to答案 D点拨 adjust to意为“适应；调整”；attach to意为“依附”；refer to意为“提及”；appeal to意为“吸引”。例题 7 The good thing about children is that they _very easily to new environments. A. adapt B. appeal C. attach D. apply答案 A点拨 句意为“关于孩子们的一大优点就是他们很容易适应新环境。”adapt意为“适应”；appeal to意为“吸引”；attachto意为“使喜欢”；apply to意为“申请；使用于”。例题 8 _ not to miss the flight at 15:20，the manager set out for the airport in a hurry. A. Reminding B. Reminded C. To remind D. Having reminded答案 B点拨 句意为“被提醒不要误了15:20的航班，这位经理匆忙向机场赶去。”the manager与remind之间为被动关系，排除A、C、D三项，reminded为过去分词作状语，表被动和完成。例题 9 Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV. There are pictures _ in your mind instead of before your eyes. A. to form B. form C. forming D. having found答案 C点拨 本题考查非谓