虚拟语气5.doc

语法词汇指导：虚拟语气详解（六）第二节：主语从句中的虚拟语气一、“It is (was)+形容词（或过去分词）+that”结构中的虚拟语气在形如“It is (was)+形容词（或过去分词）+that”结构中，使用某些表示愿望、建议、请求、命令、可能、适当、较好、迫切、紧近、重要等形容词后的主语从句的谓语也用虚拟语气。其表达形式为should 动词原形或省略should直接用动词原形（美国英语中省去should）常用的形容词：* natural (自然的), appropriate (适当的),advisable (合适的), preferable (更可取的), better (更好的)* necessary (必须的), important (重要的), imperative (急需的), urgent (急迫的), essential (本质的), vital (必不可少的)* probable (很可能的), possible (可能的)* desirable (极好的)advisable（合理的），compulsory（必须的），crucial（紧急的），desirable（理想的），essential（必要的），imperative（迫切的），incredible（惊人的），necessary（必要的），possible（可能的），strange（奇怪的），urgent（紧迫的）。常用的过去分词(Past Participle):* required (需要的), demanded (要求), requested (被请求的), desired (要求)* suggested (建议), recommended (推荐)* orderd (命令)1. It is necessary that we (should 可省略,下同）have a walk now.(necessary, should + have) (表示有需要去散步)2.It was necessary that we (should) make everything ready ahead of time.(necessary, should + make) (表示有必要事先做好准备)3. It is required that nobody (should) smoke here.(required, should + smoke) (表示要求不要在此抽烟)4. It is important that every pupil (should) be able to understand therule of school.(important, should + be) (表示重要的是学生都能了解校规)5. Its important that we (should) take good care of the patient.(important, should + take) (表示重要的是照顾好病人)6. It is natural that she should do so. (形容词natural, should+动词原形do)7.It is essential that these application forms be sent back as early as possible这些申请表应尽早地寄回，这是很重要的。8.It is vital that enough money be collected to fund the project重要的是募集足够的钱，为这个项目提供资金。9.It is desired that we（should）get everything ready this evening希望我们今晚一切都准备就绪。注：在上述所列形容词后面用that引出的宾语从句中，谓语动词也要用虚拟语气。10.I dont think it advisable that Tom be assigned to the job since he has no experience汤姆缺乏经验，指派他做这项工作我认为是不恰当的。二、在It is 名词that的主语从句中的虚拟语气在It is 名词that的主语从句中，常用虚拟语气，表示建议、命令、请求、道歉、怀疑、惊奇等。这类名词有：advice ，decision ，desire ，demand ，idea，motion ，order，pity ，preference ，proposal，recommendation ，requirement，resolution，shame，suggestion，surprise，wish，wonder等。、It is my proposal that he be sent to study further abroad我建议派他去国外进一步学习。第三节：虚拟语气用在表语从句或同位语从句中当某些表示建议、请求、命令等主观意向的名词作主语时，其后的表语从句或同位语从句需用虚拟语气，其表达形式为should 动词原形或直接用动词原形。这类名词常见的有：demand (要求), desire (请求),requirment (要求)advice (劝告), recommendation (建议),suggestion (建议)order (命令)necessity (必要地), preference (优先)proposal (计划), plan (计划), idea (办法)，recommendation以及plan，idea，resolution等。We are all for your proposal that the discussion be put off我们都赞成你提出的将讨论延期的建议。The suggestion that the mayor present the prizes was accepted by everyone由市长颁发奖金的建议被每个人接受。、 The advice is that we (should 可省略，下同) leave at once.(名词advice，should + leave) (表示加以劝告)、 My idea is that we (should) get more people to attend the conference.(idea, should + get) (表示做出主意)、 I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week.(proposal, should + hold) (表示做出计划)、 The judge assented to the suggestion that .Aboth of the criminals will soon be set freedomBsome of the criminals there are of guilt onlyCthe girl was to be paroled in the custody of a welfare societyDthe prisoner be sentenced to death第二部分：简单句中的虚拟语气一、情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌、或委婉的语气，常用于日常会话中。如：.Would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office?请你告诉我去邮局的路好吗？.It would be better for you not to stay up too late.你最好别熬夜到很晚。二、表祝愿。1、常用“may 动词原形”表示祝愿，但愿，此时may须置于句首（多用于正式文体中）。、May good luck be yours!祝你好运！、May you be happy!祝你快乐！、May you do even better!祝你取得更大成就！、May you have a good time. 祝愿你玩的痛快。、May the friendship between us last long. 祝愿我们的友情天长地久。、May you be happy. (注意那个be ) 祝你幸福。2、用动词原形。例如：(1).Long live the people! 人民万岁！(2).“God bless you,”said the priest.牧师说：“愿上帝保佑你！”(3).Have a good journey! 祝愿你旅途愉快！三、表示强烈愿望。（该类型虚拟语气谓语仅用动词原形，第三人称单数也不加“s”）(1).God save me(2).Heaven help us四、表命令1.命令虚拟语气只能用在第二人称(you)，而且通常省略主语(也就是you)。2.句子尾通常加上感叹号：！3.虚拟语气动词用一般现在时态(Simple Present)，如：work, be , go4.否定形式的命令语气，可用助动词do，加上not。(1). Work !(2). Work harder !(3). Be more alert ! (虚拟语气动词Be)(4). You go out !(5). Do not work so hard. (do not 表示否定的虚拟语气)(6). Dont be afraid. (口语中常用dont 代替do not)五、在一些习惯表达中。如：(1).Youd better set off now.你最好现在就出发。(2).Id rather not tell you the secret.我情愿不告诉你这个秘密。第三部分：名词性从句中的虚拟语气第一节：宾语从句(Subordinate Clasue)中的虚拟语气一、在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气，常省去宾语从句的引导词that。一）、对现在情况的虚拟（与现在的事实相反）：从句用过去式或过去进行式(时间上是同时的)。其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语be和were(was)，实义动词用过去式。例：1. I wish (that可省略,下同)I knew the answer to the question.(wish, 动词过去式knew)我希望知道这个答案。(事实上是不知道)2. I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around.(wish, were)但愿我的家乡四季如春。(事实上不可能)3. I wish I were a bird.(wish, were)但愿我是只小鸟。(事实上不可能)4. When she was at the party,she wished she were at home.(wished,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不在家)5. Now that he is in China, he wishes he understood Chinese.(wishes,过去虚拟动词understood)现在他在中国，他希望能懂得中文。(事实上并不懂)6. When we begin the trip, they will wish they were with us.(will wish,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不和我们在一起)二）、对过去情况的虚拟（和过去的事实相反）：用wish表示对过去事情的遗憾。其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语用过去完成时，或would, could, might 现在完成时。例：1. I wish (that可省略，下同)I hadnt wasted so much time.我后悔不该浪费这么多时间。(事实上已浪费了)2. He wishes he hadnt lost the chance.他真希望没有失去机会。(其实已失去)3. We wished he had spoken to us.(wished，had spoken)(事实上他并没同我们讲)4. I wish you had called earlier.(wish, had called)(事实上已迟了)5. They will wish they had listened to us sooner.(will wish,had listened)(事实上并不如此)例题分析：I wish I _ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.A. could have slept B. sleptC. might have slept D. have slept动词wish后面接从句，表达不可能实现或与事实相反的情况时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即用过去式（表示现在发生的动作）或过去完成式（表示过去发生的动作）。本题后半句谓语动词have用的是过去时had to get up and come, 所以前面要用过去完成时表示过去发生的动作。所以, 选项A)could have slept是答案三）、对将来情况的虚拟(表示将来的主观愿望)：从句动词would/should/could/might 动词原形(时间上较后)(请注意：主句和从句的主语不相同)。用wish表示对将来事情的愿望。例：1. I wish it would stop raining.(虚拟动词would 动词原形stop)我希望雨能停止。(事实上雨还在下着呢)2. I wish you would be quiet.(would be)我希望你安静一些。(事实上那家伙还在吵着呢)3. You wished she would arrive the next day.(would arrive)你希望她第二天会到。(事实上她还没到)4. I wish she would change her mind.(would change)我希望她会改变主意。(呵呵，女孩子可没那么容易就改变主意喔)5. He will wish we would join him the following week.(would join)(只是希望我们和他在一起，实际上还没在一起)四）、注意：1.如果将w