英语必修六.doc

realisticabstractsculpturegallery beliefconsequentlyaim symbol renaissance value focus onreligionpossessionperspectiveconvinceimpressionisma great dealshadowridiculouscontroversialattempt predict aggressivescholar in the fleshgeometry bunch avenue mansionexhibitionmetropolitancivilization contemporarypermanentdistricttip【交际用语】意愿和决定 Id prefer Id rather Id like Which would you prefer? Would you rather? Would you likeor? Whether would you prefer to? Im going to I think it will be too difficult to I intend / mean / plan to I think it will be boring. I will Im very interested inso I feel like doing sth Im not very interested inso Id like to I wish that I(do not)want / hope / wish to I dont know much aboutbut Im ready to I think I might want to I would rather not tell you Ive never heard ofso Ive never read anyso二、难点解析1. Have you ever wished you could paint as well as a professional artist? If you were an artist, what kind of pictures would you paint?你曾经希望过自己绘画能同专业的艺术家一样好吗？如果你是一个艺术家，你的绘画风格会是什么呢？这两句的谓语动词使用的都是虚拟语气。1）虚拟语气可用于宾语从句。用作动词wish的宾语的从句，表示愿望，常省去连词that。这种从句的谓语动词可用过去式，表示与现在事实相反，如：I wish I wasnt going to Iraq. 我真希望不是去伊拉克。We wish you had come to our party. 我们真希望你来参加了我们的聚会。We only wish we could help. 我们但愿能提供帮助。(表愿望)2）虚拟语气还可用于if条件句。if条件句所表的假设是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句皆须用虚拟语气。与现在事实相反的非真实条件句，条件从句的谓语用动词的过去式 (be的过去式用were)，结果主句的谓语用should(第一人称)或would(第二、三人称)+动词原形，如：If we left now, we should arrive in time. 假如我们现在就走的话，我们就会及时到达。If I were you, I would accept the present.假如我是你的话，我就会接受那礼物。(would代替了should)Even if he had the money, he wouldnt buy it. 他即使有钱也不会买它。2. There are so many different styles of Western art that it would be impossible to describe all of them in a short text.西方艺术存在很多不同的风格，在一篇短文中是不可能尽述其详的。1）it在从句中作形式主语，而真正的主语是动词不定式短语。在英语中，当不定式或that从句充当主语时，常常为了避免句子结构头重脚轻，借助it把主语移到句尾，而用it来填补正常的位置。在这种情况下，it叫做形式主语或者是先行主语，而后移的部分叫做真实主语或后移主语。形式主语it只是起一种结构作用，它本身并不传递任何信息，它在语义的作用只是预示主语的内容。How long does it take you to go home?It is no use your running away.It is compulsory to wear a safety belt.It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.2）style n风格；式样；作风；文采These are the latest style in skirts. 这些是最新款式的裙子。They live in American style. 他们过着美国式的生活。 注意区别：fashion和style，两个单词都含“时式, 式样”的意思。fashion 是一般用语, 指“一时或某一团体中流行的时尚”, 如:This kind of dress is now in fashion. 这种衣服现在很时髦。style常用来代替 fashion, 但主要指“高雅”, 如:That dress is such a good style that it will be fashionable for years.那衣服的样式如此雅致, 一定会流行好几年。3）describe v. 描写, 记述, 形容Let me describe our school. 让我来把我们的学校描述一番。Words cannot describe the beauty of the scene. 语言难以描述出这景色的秀美。He described himself as a manager. 他自称是经理。 describe sb. as把某人说成是(称作)Vivian described him as a liar. 维维安说他是个撒谎的人。3. During the Middle Ages, the main aim of painters was to represent religious themes.在中世纪时期，画家的主要目的是展现宗教主题的。aim用作及物动词时，表示“瞄准”，后跟表示武器的名词或代词作宾语，以at短语表示瞄准的目标；aim偶尔可用作不及物动词，表示“针对”，也常与at短语搭配。He picked up a stone and aimed it at the dog. 他捡起一块石头朝狗扔去。He aimed with the gun. 他用枪瞄准。aim表示“意欲”、“志在”或“目的在于”时，可跟动词不定式作宾语，也可跟at短语。He aimed to swim a mile. 他的目标是游一英里。I aim at becoming an astronaut. (英) = I aim to become an astronaut.(美)我的目标是要成为一名宇航员。I aim to be a lawyer. 我要当个律师。aim用作不可数名词时，表示“瞄准”；用作可数名词时，表示“目标”或“目的”。His aim was to swim a mile. 他的目标是游一英里。The hunter took careful aim at the wolf and fired. 那个猎手仔细地瞄准那条狼，然后射击。 aim at是“瞄准，旨在，针对”的意思，如：He aimed the gun at the enemy officer. 他用枪瞄准了敌军官。如果aim作名词，这句话就可以说成：He took aim at the enemy officer with his gun.4. In the Renaissance, new idea and value took the place of those that were held in the Middle Ages.在文艺复兴期间，新的思想和价值观取代了中世纪的思想和价值观。 take the place of = take ones place 表示代替（某人的职务或工作）His secretary is ill, and Ive to take the place of her / take her place.DVD players have now taken the place of VCD in China. take place 发生，举行，不可用于被动语态。The wedding will take place next Sunday. Please come on time! in place (of) 代替， -而不用；适当The adults had some beer but the children wanted orange juice in place of beer.With everything in place, she started to cook. 一切准备妥当，她开始做饭。5. They paid famous artists to paint pictures of themselves, their houses and other possessions, as well as their activities and achievements.他们付酬劳让著名的画家画他们自己，他们的房屋，财富以及他们的活动和成就。1）pay sb. to do sth. 付钱给某人做某事I paid the girl to baby-sit for my sister every Saturday.She was paid to wash and cook.2）possession n. 拥有，着迷，领地，财产（常用复数），自制How did you get possession of it? 你是怎样得到它的？He had few possessions. 他的财产很少。He gave up possession of the house. 他放弃了这房子的所有权。 in possession 占有，持有，控制（某物）The keys are in his possession. 这些钥匙是他的。The information in my possession is strictly confidential. 我掌握的情报是绝对机密的。 possess v.She possesses some interesting pictures. 她有一些有趣的画儿。The thought of getting rich possessed him. 他整天就想着发财。6. When people first saw his paintings they were convinced they were looking through a hole in the wall at a real scene.当人们最初看到他的油画时，人们深信他们是透过墙上的洞看到的真实的场景。convince 动词，意思是“使确信，使信服”，常用于句型convince sb. of sth. 和 convince sb. + that （从句），如：Convinced of the truth of the report, he told his colleagues about it.他相信了报道的真实性，把这件事告诉了同事们。This convinced me of his honesty. 这使我相信他是诚实的。He father convinced him that he should study law. 他父亲劝他学法律。He convinced his mother to buy a new bicycle for him. 他说服他妈妈给他买一辆新自行车。 convinced adj. 确信的, 深信的be convinced of 确信， 承认He was convinced of his error. 他认识了错误。7. If the rules of perspective had not been discovered, people would not have been able to paint such realistic pictures.如果没有发现透视法，人们就不可能画出如此逼真的画。这句的谓语动词使用的也是虚拟语气。与过去事实相反的非真实条件句，条件从句的谓语用had+过去分词，结果主句的谓语用should(第一人称)或would(第二、三人称)+have+过去分词，如：We would have dropped by if we had had time. 假若我们有时间的话，我们就会顺道拜访了。I wouldnt have known what these were for if I hadnt been told.假如别人不告诉我，我就不会知道这些东西是干什么的了。但虚拟式were 也可表与过去事实相反，如：If I were not busy, I would have come. 假如我不忙，我就会来了。8. In the late 19th century, Europe changed a great deal from a mostly agricultural society to a mostly industrial one.在十九世纪末，欧洲从一个农业社会转变为一个工业社会。1）a greatgood deal是一个副词性词组，用来修饰动词、形容词或副词，表示数量或程度，作“大量，许多”解；修饰形容词或副词的比较级时，作“得多”解，如；She seemed to have suffered a great deal她好似受过许多苦。The sun is a great deal nearer to us than the other stars太阳比其它星球离我们近得多。 a greatgood deal of属形容词性词组，意为“大量的”，后接不可数名词，与之搭配谓语动词用单数形式，如：They have spent a great deal of money on this project他们在这一项工程上花费了大量资金。There is a great deal of oxygen in the air空气中有大量氧气。2）mostly是副词，意思是“主要地, 大部分, 通常”The audience consisted mostly of women. 观众主要是妇女。Our weather has been mostly warm. 我们这里的天气多半是暖和的。Most of the Americans use their cars mostly for their job.大多数美国人的汽车主要是用来上班的。9. Some modern art is abstract; that is, the painters does not attempt to paint objects as we see them with our eyes, but instead concentrates on certain qualities of the object, using colour, line and shape to represent them.一些现代艺术是抽象的，那就是，画家不期望画出正如我们用眼睛看到的物体，而是描绘集中在物体的某些特殊的品质上，通过用色彩，线条和图形来展现他们。1）abstract 是形容词，意思是：抽象的，深奥的，纯理论的，非实际的Kandinsky produced abstract art characterized by imagery that had a musical quality.康定斯基创作的抽象派作品有一种音乐美。Abstract expressionism was at its peak in the 1940s and 1950s.20世纪四五十年代是抽象表现主义艺术发展的顶峰时期。Some people say beauty itself is abstract. Do you agree? 有些人认为美本身是抽象的。你同意吗?You explain things in a way that is too abstract for me. 你如此解释事物对我来说太深奥了。Your reasoning seems very abstract. 你的推理似乎很抽象。 abstract还有名词词性，意思是：摘要，梗概，抽象派艺术作品Harper made an abstract of Prof. Hunters lecture. 哈珀将亨特教授的讲座做了摘要。 abstract动词词性：使抽象化;抽取,提取In the end he abstracted the most important points from his long speech.最后他从自己的长篇演说中提取出最重要的几点。The author abstracted his book. 作者为他的书写了内容提要。2）attempt 作动词时，常与to连用，意思是：企图，尝试An astronaut will attempt to leave the stationary spaceship and then return to it.一名宇航员将试着离开停着的宇宙飞船,然后再回到里面去。The boys attempted to leave for camping but were stopped by their parents.男孩子们想去野营但被他们的父母们拦住了。作名词时，常与at, on, to连用，意思是：努力；尝试She made an attempt to cook the dinner. 她试着做这顿饭。3）concentrate作动词表示“集中，聚集，全神贯注”，常与on或upon连用We must concentrate our attention on efficiency. 我们必须把注意力集中在效率上。Our population is concentrated in the big cities. 我国人口集中在大城市里。She couldnt concentrate on a book very long. 她不能长时间专心读一本书。三、 词语辨析1.picture，portrait和photoportrait作“相片”、“肖像”解时，指的是人或动物的照片，用线条或颜料画的人或动物的画，如：There are the portraits of the revolutionary leaders. 这有革命领袖的画像。photo是photograph的缩略形式，仅指用照相机拍摄的相片，如：I took a photograph of my sister我给姐姐照了一张相。Ive just had some new photos taken我刚刚照了几张相。picture的含义较广，可指相片、图片、电影片等，如：Photographers took pictures of them摄像师为他们拍照。May I take your picture？我可以给你拍照吗？You cant paint a picture without an inspiration没有灵感你难以绘出画来。These papers had pages full of comical pictures这些报纸上有一些画满好笑的图画的专栏。Lets go and see a good picture我们去看一部好电影。The picture is not very good tonighttheres some interference（干扰） from somewhere图像今晚不清晰，有来自某个地方的干扰。2. most和mostlymost可修饰动词，意思是“最，第一”，如：That problem troubles him most那个问题最使他头痛。most常可作very用，修饰kind，helpful，grateful，beautiful等表示主观感觉的形容词和副词。这样用时不表示比较，不能和the连用，且只用于表示感觉的肯定句中，如：I do thank you most warmly for doing this job for me我确实非常热诚地感谢你为我干了这件活。Its most kind of you你真好。注意：I want to read some most interesting books是错句。应把most去掉，因为这句话不属于发表主观感觉的句子。most作very用时，不能用于否定句、疑问句和条件句。试比较：She is a most beautiful girl in the class她是班上一个很美丽的姑娘。(从客观评价来说她美丽，不含比较关系。)She is the most beautiful girl in the class她是班上最美丽的姑娘。(指全班比较之下，她最美丽)mostly用作副词，表示“大体上、主要地、大部分、多半、通常”等意思。如：Houses built in here are mostly of brick and stone这儿的房屋大多是用砖和石头建造的。She is mostly out on Sundays星期天她多半不在家。The students in the Beijing Overseas Chinese School are mostly from Japan，Burma and Thailand北京华侨学校的学生大部分是日本、缅甸和泰国来的。注意：most和mostly作副词用时，意思差别很大。试比较：Your answers are most correct你的回答非常正确。Your answers are mostly correct你的回答大部分是正确的。most也可作“大部分，大多的”等解。这时，它是形容词或名词。如：Most people think so大多数人这么认为。Most of them are from America他们中的大多数人来自美国。四、练习检测. 单项填空1. In fact _ is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important basketball match.A. that B. this C. it D. there2. Charles Babbage is generally considered_ the first computer.A. to inventB. inventing C. to have inventedD. having invented3. _we will go to the Great Wall _ the weather.A. Whether; depending onB. Whether; depends onC. If; depends upon D. If; depending on4. What would you wish to do if you were to be a college student again? Thats very hard to say, but I wish I _ biology when I was a college student.Ahad studied BstudiedCstudy Dhave studied5. The woman _ there, _ in a blue shirt, is Lilys teacher.A. sitting; dressingB. sitting; dressed C. sat; dressed D. seating; dressed6. After Denmark beat France 2-0, France had to confess that experience cant make up for _ pace and inspiration.A. lackingB. lack ofC. lacking in D. lack for7. The more I thought about it, the more questions I thought of _.A. to be askedB. being askedC. asking D. to ask8. Mr Johnson said angrily, “Dont order me about, as if I _ your wife. Im not. We are both the bosss men. ”Awere BamCwould be Dhad been9. If the government had built more houses for the homeless people after the earthquake, the housing problems now in some parts of the city _ so serious now.Awouldnt be Bwill not have beenCwouldnt have been Dwould have not been10. Ive forgotten his telephone number. If I _ it down, I _ you now.Aput, would have told Bput, would tellChad put, would have told Dhad put, would tell11. _ that hell pass the final exam.A. It is sure B. It is certain C. Im sure of D. It is certainly12. Beef cattle are _ on the farm west of the lake.A. raised B. risen C. fed D. grown13. Will the plane take off on time?It all _. The weather might be a problem, you know.A. considers B. worries C. depends D. doubts14. Once _, the machine can be put into immediate service.A. it necessaryB. necessaryC. is necessaryD. necessary it is15. _ busy tomorrow, she would come to help me.A. If she is notB. If she will not beC. Were she not D. Was she not to be. 用所给词组的适当形式填空disappoint, doubt, devote, admit, effect,admire, cure, suffer, defeat, seize,celebrate, exist, defend, purpose, willing1. Does the medicine have a side _ on the patient?2. To our _, our team failed to advance to the finals (决赛).3. You can take part in the competition if you are _ to.4. A meeting is held to _ the old scientists 80th birthday5. There is no _ in my mind that you have had the right judgement.6. His rich teaching experience is highly _ by the young teachers.7. The doctors have tried every possible means to _ the boy of the unusual disease.8. I _ the whole morning to fixing my bicycle.9. The street performers played for three days without rest with the _ of raisingmoney for the disabled.10. Though _, they didnt lose heart.11. Is the elephant the biggest animal that has ever _ on earth?12. He was _ into college when he was only 15.13. I _ a great deal from a headache yesterday.14. The boy _ every chance to practise his oral English.15. The speaker used several examples to _ his point of view. 阅读理解（A）The blue tits(一种小鸟) have been inspecting the nest-box again this year. The male (雄性)is the house-hunter but the female (雌性) will make the final choice. He lands at the hole and turns his head to expose his white cheeks as a signal to attract the female from where she has been feeding.In many birds that nest in holes, the male has a light-coloured patch on its plumage(鸟羽)which acts as a signal for drawing the females attention to a suitable-place.Unlike the blue tit, it may be only the male that is strikingly coloured. The male redstart is a handsome bird but the female is not beautiful.A few years ago I was lucky enough to spot a pair of redstarts in a Walsh wood. The male was leading an interested female to holes that he had previously (先前) checked out. He sat at the entrance to each hole and put his head out to show off his white forehead, or his head in to reveal (显示) his tail.If the female failed to react to his visual signals, the male sometimes sang for extra effect, while gliding towards her on spread wings and tail. Once the female accepts by following the male through the hole the displays stop, so you must be at the right place at the right time to see them.1. How do the blue tits choose their nest?A. They choose their nest together.B. The male chooses their nest.C. The house-hunter chooses their nest.D. The female chooses their nest.2. The male shows off his _ for attracting the female to a nesting-place.A. bright plumage and his song B. white cheeksC. white forehead D. wings and tail3. The writer was lucky to see _.A. how the male made his tricksB. how an interested female played with the male happilyC. what the male displayed and won the femaleD. that the male tried his best but failed to attract the female4. You can spot a pair of redstarts in a Walsh wood .A. at any timeB. regularlyC. in April D. occasionally（B）Many animals make sounds. Dogs bark, frogs croak, rooster crow, birds sing, lions roar. Animals use their voices to send messages. Sometimes the message is to one of their own kind: “Here I am, come and be friends.” Sometimes the message is less friendly, and is meant as a warning: “Here I am, keep away.” One of the most important uses for an animal is that voice is to help it find a mate(配偶). Mating calls may only be made at certain times of the year.In spring, male frogs croak to attract female frogs. Birds sing to attract mates and alsoto warn off rivals(对手). The squawking blue jay(蓝槛鸟)may be telling other birds, “Keep out of my tree!” voices may be used to scare away(吓跑)enemies or to defend territory by warning others to stay outside. The loud roar of the male lion declares. “Im the boss around here.” Mother animals use their voices to call their young. For example, hens cluck to their chicks to keep them together.5. Which of the following statements may be the suitable title for the passage?A. AnimalsB. Animal VoicesC. Where Does the Animal Voices Come from?D. The meaning of Animal Voices 6. What is the use of animal voices?A. To warn the rival or enemy.B. To attract each other.C. To signal to each other. D. To se