语法讲解 被动语态

被动语态 (The Passive Voice) 初中课本给大家介绍了被动语态的构成和用法、一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态的构成, 以及含有情态动词的被动语态, 这里我们继续介绍有关被动语态的知识。1一般将来时的被动语态的构成 (以动词ask为例) 肯定式否定式疑问式I will (shall) You willHe / She / It will be askedWe will (shall) You / They willI will (shall) notYou will notHe/She/It will not be askedWe will (shall) notYou / They will notWill (Shall) IWill youWill he / she / it be asked?Will (Shall) we Will you / they2现在完成时的被动语态的构成 (以动词ask为例) 肯定式否定式疑问式I haveYou haveHe/She/It has been asked.We haveYou haveThey haveI haveYou haveHe/She/It has been asked.We haveYou haveThey haveHave IHave youHas he / she / it been asked. Have weHave youHave they3现在进行时的被动语态的构成 (以动词ask为例) 肯定式否定式疑问式I amYou areHe/She/It is being asked .We areYou areThey areI amYou areHe/She/It is not being asked .We areYou areThey areAm IAre youIs he / she / it being asked?Are weAre youAre they4 短语动词的被动语态 一般来说, 只有及物动词才有被动语态, 因为只有及物动词才可能有动作的承受者。但有许多由不及物动词加介词或副词构成的短语动词, 相当于及物动词, 可以有宾语, 因而也可以有被动语态。但应注意：短语动词是一个不可分割的整体, 在变为被动语态时, 不可丢掉构成短语动词的介词或副词。例如： At last they put out the fire. At last the fire was put out. They will put up a notice on the wall. A notice will be put up on the wall. Have you sent for a doctor? Has the doctor been sent for? I have never heard of such a thing before. Such a thing has never been heard of before. We must take good care of the children here. The children must be taken good care of here. His classmates laughed at him for the foolish mistake. He was laughed at for the foolish mistake by his classmates. 说明： 1) 带有双宾语的句子在变为被动结构时, 可以将一个变为主语, 另一个 (多为直接宾语) 仍旧保留在谓语后面。 The teacher gave the student a new book. The student was given a new book (by the teacher) . A new book was given to the student (by the teacher) . 2) 带有复合宾语的句子, 变为被动结构时, 宾语补足语相应变为主语补足语。要注意, 主动语态中作宾语补足语的不带to的不定式, 在被动语态时必须顶带to, 如： Everybody called her Big Sister. She was called Big Sister by everybody. People last saw the lost girl playing near the river. The lost girl was last seen playing near the river. The engineer made the r