英语语音之语调篇.doc

英语语音之语调篇The basic meaning and use of the falling tone降调的基本意义是肯定、完整、独立，所表达的意思是完整的、语法结构是独立的。1. 陈述句（straightforward statements）用降调，因为说话人对作所说的内容肯定无疑。3(1) They are working very hard.(2) I am very pleased with it.(3) Everything is all right.(4) I need a lot of help.(5) The roads are going to be crowed.(6) Thanks for everything.2. 特殊疑问句（special questions）一般用降调。(1) What are you reading?(2) When does she usually get up?(3) What does that mean?(4) Whats the matter with you?(5) Who are you waiting for?(6) How do you manage it?(7) Where shall I meet you?3. 强命令（strong commands）用降调，因为听者没有选择的余地，必须服从。(1) Turn right!(2) Hands up, no harm.(3) Dont waste so much time.(4) Stop talking!(5) Hurry up!(6) Hold this for me!(7) Do what I tell you!(8) Dont make a noise!4. 选择问句（alternative questions）用降调。(1) Would you care for a cup of tea or coffee?(2) Is Dr. Price an American or an Englishman?(3) Do you like this one or that one?(4) Will the meeting start at three or at four?(5) Shall I read it to you or will you read it yourself?(6) Are you going home or do you prefer staying here?(7) Shall I write him a letter or will you go and see him yourself?5. 从句前面的主句（main clause preceding the subordinate clause）用降调。(1) I picked up the receiver and was overjoyed when I recognized the voice of Grant.(2) Firemen had been fighting the forest fire for nearly three weeks before they could get it under control.6. 非限制性定语从句的先行词（antecedent of nonrestrictive clause）用降调。The woman handed an expensive mink coat to the assistant, who wrapped it up for her as quickly as possible.7. 非限制性同位语前的先行词（antecedent of nonrestrictive apposition）用降调。 We have just seen Dr. Smith, our new president.8. 表示痛苦、恐惧、愤怒、惊讶等强烈情感的感叹词（exclamations expressing strong feelings of pain, fear, anger or surprise）用降调。(1) My goodness!(2) Disgusting!(3) What a shame!(4) What a lovely weather!(5) What a silly mistake!(6) Hey!9. 一般疑问句若有言下之意的一般疑问句（general questions with implied meanings）用降调。(1) Do you understand it now? (2) Are you satisfied? 10. 修辞性疑问句（rhetorical questions）是表示较强意思的陈述，不需要回答，用降调。(1) Wasnt Pat a marvelous dancer?（言下之意“Pat surely is a marvelous dancer.”）(2) Is that a reason for despair?（言下之意“Thats not a reason for despair.”）The basic meaning and use of the rising tone升调的基本意义是不肯定、不完整、不独立，即讲话人所谈内容不很肯定、所表达的意思往往是不完整的、语法结构通常不独立，因此升调主要用于短语后面，也常常用于句中不完整的部分后面。1. 一般疑问句用升调，表示讲话人提出疑问。(1) Are you quite sure?(2) Have you been staying here long?(3) Does it work?(4) May I try it?(5) Is that all right?(6) Was there a knock at the door?(7) Have you heard anything of him lately?(8) Could you come a little later?2. 反意疑问句用升调，表示讲话人对事实不肯定。(1) We can come here another time, cant we?(2) They all speak English, dont they?(3) You havent finished, have you?(4) You were late this morning, werent you?(5) Lets go and skate, shall we?(6) Try and do better, wont you? But we have some exceptions: Its a fine day, isnt it? What lovely weather, isnt it? You dont believe me, do you? We had a very good time, hadnt we? We had no choice, had we? I cant do two things at once, can I?3. 选择问句的第一部分用升调，给听者一个选择的余地。(1) Will you go to the US or Britain?(2) Do you care for green tea or black tea?4. 句首状语用升调，因为其语法结构不独立、意思不完整。(1) Every afternoon at teatime the Queen likes to feed her beloved dogs.(2) If there are no evening engagements, she will go to her study after dinner.5. 列举时，被列举的事或人用升调，升调表示意思不完整，名末用降调。(1) Grant has 3 daughters: Mary, Sally and Elizabeth.(2) In the 19th century people in Britain associated RP with power, education and material success.6. 祈使句表示请求时用升调。(1) Come and see me again.(2) Dont stay out too late.7. 陈述句加个问号用升调，表示听者想确认对方所讲的内容。(1) (Mary and John got there safely.) They got there safely?(2) (Jane doesnt want to read the book.) She doesnt want to read the book?8. 陈述句用升调时，讲话者有言下之意没有表达，留给听者去思考。(1) We must send for the doctor.Its no use sending for the doctor.(2) Ill leave home.You cant do that.9. 问候或警告时常用升调。(1) Good morning.(2) Mind your head.(3) Dont drop it.The basic meaning and use of the falling-rising tone降升调是降调和升调功能的结合。讲话人对所说内容比较肯定，用降调，但是忽又改变主意，保留了一部分意思，语调转为升调，所以，降升调往往包含言下之意，让听者去思考。1 人们表示不同观点时，可以用降升调。A: Most likely Ill fail in the exam.B: No, you wont.(A认为他考试要不及格，但是B不同意，所以wont 用降升调，同时也有鼓励之意。)2 在交谈时，一方没有听清另一方的全部内容而要确认一下。1) _Ive just been to the Great Wall._Where did you say?2) _Is she going to play?_Is she willing to pla