人教社必修二第二单元知识小节结.doc

第二单元1) compete vi 比赛，竞争Compete in 在某方面竞争 Compete for为而竞争Compete with/against sb for sth in 与某人在某方面竞争某物eg Our Greek cities used to compete against each other just for the honour of winning in every event. 我们希腊各个城市之间曾经为了荣誉在每个项目上彼此相2) take( an active) part in 参加活动 (担当一定的角色,并在其中起积极作用。We all had to take part in the training run，with nobody excepted. 联系记忆 join：指加入某个组织成为其中一员。join the Army/the Party/the League参军/入党/入团 join in 后+竞赛 游戏 娱乐活动May I join in the game? 我可以参加这个游戏吗？ join sb. In (doing) sth. 和某人一道做某事Will you join us in the discussion? 你参加我们的讨论吗？ 我们大家都得参加跑步训练，无人例外. attend指参加会议、婚礼、典礼；听报告、讲座、去上课、上学，听报告等。句子的主语只是去听，去看，自己不一定起积极作用。等。 Hell attend an important meeting tomorrow.他明天要参加一个重要会议 I attended his lecture. 我听了他的讲课 participate in 参加 （在一些非正式场合可以代替 take part in）He may personally participate in summit conferences. 他亲自参加首脑会议。互竞争。 n. competition 竞争 n. competitor 竞争者 adj. competitive 有竞争力的、竞争的3）stand for .代表;象征What do the letters UN stand for? 字母UN代表什么?.主张;支持,拥护 We stand for self-reliance. 我们主张自力更生。4) interview Vt ,表示面谈,面试,采访,会见。Who do you want to interview and why? 如果有机会，你希望能采访谁？为什么？ n ,表示会晤, 接见,面谈,采访,面试。I need to wear smart for my job interview. 为了我的工作面试我需要穿得正式点。 interviewer(主动角色 ) n. 采访者；会见者；面谈者；进行面试者 Interviewee(被动角色)n. 被接见者；被访问者 被面试者One interviewee lied about her experience, and the interviewers all were angry . 一个参加面试人在讲述经历说了谎，所有面试官很生气。5）volunteer n. 志愿者；志愿 He works as a volunteer at off time.他在业余时间做一个志愿者 vt/vi. 自愿Many people volunteer to work on the farms. 许多人自动到农场劳动。They volunteer for good causes. 她们自愿做好事。voluntary adj. 志愿的6) every fourth year =every four years意为“每；每隔”。 He comes here every three days (every third day). 他每三天(每隔两天)来这儿一次。 every other day 每隔一天 相当于 every two days every second day 每两天一次 注意“few”前没有a “ ”every few days 每隔几天 every few meters 每隔几米7) On a regular basis定期地；经常地To stay in good mental shape, perform these simple brain exercises on a regular basis. 为了保持良好的精神状态，需要定期进行一些简单的头脑运动。 延伸 On a daily /weekly /yearly basis 每天/每周/每年。 basis（pl. bases ）n.知识、方式、原理 basic adj. 基本的；基础的 base n. 基础；底部；基地 v 以为基础base on be based on8) admit 承认、容许、,容纳,接纳 （admitted；admitted） n. admission 承认, admit doing sth =admit having done sth He admitted breaking the window= He admitted having broken the window他承认打破了窗子。admit sb to be=admit sb as.She admitted him to be right. 她承认他是对的. 表示“允许进入” 给进入的权利(或资格)：She was admitted to the university. 她被那所大学录取了。He developed a fever on March 25 and was admitted to hospital (住院)on Tuesday. 容纳,接纳，装得下 (同义词有 hold contain seat )The hall admits 3,500 people. 这大厅可容纳3500人。9) Play an important role in 在什么方面起重要作用 play an active part in 10) as well 也,同样,Not only I like this movie, but my mother likes it as well.7不但是我喜欢这部电影，我的妈妈也很爱看它。( might) as well do sth 还是为好/倒不妨做We might as well sleep in this hotel. 我们还是在这家旅馆睡觉为好。 延伸 as well as 与一样(程度); 和、也连接对等的名词、代词、动词等He plays the guitar as well as you. 他的吉他弹得和你一Jack，as well as his parents ,has ever been abroad.(谓语动词就远原则，和together with /along with ,rather than等用法相同 )11) host n. 主人；主持人；（计算机）主机 hostess 女主人 女招待host family 寄宿家庭 ;房东 ; 主人家 host computer 主机 ; 主计算机 ; vt. 主持；当主人主办eg :China will host an exhibition of international garment machinery. 中国将主办国际服装机械展览会。 Mr. Marce will host a reception tonight.马斯先生将主持今晚的招待会。12) responsibility n责任，职责；义务a sense of responsibility/humor 责任感/幽默感She bears responsibility well. 她很好地承担责任。take responsibility for对负有责任，负起对的责任responsible adj. 负责的，可靠的；有责任的 be responsible for 对。 。 负责13) replace vt 代替 replacewith/by 用代替Trams are being replaced by the buses. = the buses are taking the place oftrams. 电车正在被公共汽车所代替。14) advertise 表示 登广告， 做广告。宣扬，宣传，为.宣传We decided to advertise our new product.我们决定为我们的新产品做广告。Advertise for登征求的广告。I must advertise for a new secretary.我得刊登广告聘请一位新秘书。advertisement n. 广告，宣传 n. advertiser 登广告者,做广告的人n. advertising广告业15). put forward 提出(要求、事实、计划、建议、意见、办法等)： The Trade Union Congress put forward a plan for national recovery.工会大会提出一项振兴国家的计划。 推举(候选人等)，推荐(某人)作候选人 Ive put you forward as the best man for the job. 我已经提名你为这项工作的最佳人选。 把提前，使提前：把(钟或表的针)向前拨，拨快：Weve put forward the date of our wedding by one month.我们将婚礼的日子提前了一个月。 My watch was slow, so I put it forward three minutes.我的手表慢了，所以我把它向前拨了三分钟。16) bargain n. 交易；便宜货；契约 a good bargain一笔上算的交易 一件便宜的货物make a bargain with sb over/about sth对某事与某人成交He made a satisfactory bargain with them. 他和他们达成了一令人满意的协议。 v.讨价还价；议价bargain with sb over sth 与. 就讨价还价 We refuse to bargain over the price.我们拒绝在价格上讨价还价。17) change ones mind 改变主意She is constantly changing her mind. 她经常改变主意。18）Promise v.允诺；发誓；答应；有希望 promise to do sth. 答应做某事He has promised to behave better .他答应以后要表现得好些。. n.诺言；预示；约定 make /keep a promise 允诺/守信 promising adj. 有希望的，有前途的 19) Pick up 捡起、获得；收拾、整理；（不费力地）学会； 用车接某人接收广播恢复，加速； 恢复精神 / 健康；(生意)好转、恢复 He picked up his hat and went away. 他拾起帽子，走了。Youd better pick up the tools after finishing the work. 完工后你最好把工具收拾起来。She picked up a lot of English when travelling in America.她偶然学得许多英语。Ill pick you up at your home tomorrow. 明天我会开车到你家接你。We picked up speed as we went downhill. 下山时我们的速度加快了。It is necessary to use a short-wave radio to pick up the programs. 必须有一台短波收音机才能收听到这些节目。This old man is beginning to pick up now. 现在这位老人开始恢复健康。20）.one after another 一个接一个地Difficulties arise one after another.困难相继出现.one another 互相 from one to another 从这到另一个for one thing for another 一方面。另一方面21）Deserve vi/ vt. 值得；应得，该得， deserve +n. 应受(赏罚、帮助等)：If you do wrong，you deserve punishment.你如做错事，应当受罚。 You deserve it。 你活该！ deserve to do sth理应做，值得做 He doesnt deserve to win the game.这场比赛他不该获胜。 deserve doing =deserve to be done (.值得被做) 表被动He has done so much for us ,so he deserves praising =so he deserves to be praised =he deserves our praise .他为我们做了如此之多，理应被表扬。注意：类似的单词还有want 、require、need 等My watch needs repairing = My watch needs to be repaired.22) apart from除之外(相当于except、besides的意思)Apart from English, we study Russian and Spanish.除了英语以外，我们还学俄语及西班牙语。All the children like music apart from Bobby.23）marry vt/Vi. 嫁；娶；与结婚 marry sb. / get married to sb 1.He married a beautiful girl.=He got married to a beautiful girl. 他娶了一个漂亮的姑娘2.She wants to marry her daughter to that rich man. 她想把女儿嫁给那个有钱人。get married to sb 和某人结婚 表动作 get married to sb 表状态get married to sb 和marry 都是个非持续性 它的完成时不可和一段时间连用【误】They have married for 13 years. 【误】They got married for 13 years. 【正】They have been married for 13 years.一 词汇1 Most of the relief work was done by v_.12 Most of the relief work was done by v_.13 Mostofthereliefworkwasdonebyv_.4 _(现今)young people like to wear their hair long. 5 Now you are 18, you should have more sense of_(责任)6 We will all have a course in_(古代的)history next term. 7 Her word has a m_ effect on us. 8 The Olympic winner received a gold m_ as an award.二 单项填空1) Theteachertogetherwiththestudents_ discussingReadingSkills that_ newlypublishedinAmerica. A are;were B is;were C are;was D is;was2) Lifeislikealongrace_ wecompetewithotherstogobeyondourselves. A why B what C that D where 3)Haveyoufinishedyourfirstpaper?_.Justhalfofit.Howaboutyou?A.Notatall B.Notlikely C.Notabit D.Notyet4) Guncontrolisasubject_ Americanshavearguedforalongtime.A.ofwhich B.withwhich C.aboutwhich D.intowhich5)The moderncityhasbeensetupin_ wasawastelandtenyearsago.A what B which C that D. where6) About1,000singerscompeted_eachother_sixmedalsintheNationalSingingCompetition. A against;with B with;on C with;in D against;for 三、句型1. I lived in_ you call “ Ancient Greece” and _ _ write about the Olympics a long time ago