初中动词的四种基本时态及练习题.doc

一 般 现 在 时一般现在时通常表示目前阶段经常发生的动作或存在的状态。A.BE动词（am, is, are）1.are用于主语是复数名词，is用于主语是单数或不可数名词。2.句型。 陈述句：The man under the tree is your cousin. 一般疑问句：Are these your blue bags? Yes, they are. / No, they arent. 特殊疑问句： Where is your pen pal from?B.实义动词1.如see, look, teach, brush, relax, study, watch, go等表示动作词，当主语为第三人称单数时，如he, she, your father, his classmate等时，动词形式要作如下变化。规 则读 音动词原形一般动词在词尾加-s在清辅音后读|s|，浊辅音或元音后读|z|，在t后读|ts|，d后读|dz|like, want find以字母s, x, ch, sh结尾的动词加-es读|iz|guess, teach以o结尾的加-es读|z|go以辅音字母加y结尾的，改y为ies读|z|fly, study3.句型变化（需借助助动词）肯定式:主语+动词原形/动词的第三人称单数否定式:主语+助动词 dont/doesnt +动词原形+其他疑问式:Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他简略回答: (肯)Yes,主语+do/does (否)No,主语+do/does not 注意：have的第三人称单数为has eg. They go to movies on weekends. They dont go to movies on weekends. Do they go to movies on weekends? Yes, they do. / No, they dont. When do they go to movies?eg. He has some homework to do. Does he have any homework to do? Yes, he does. / No, he doesnt. He doesnt have any homework to do. What does he have?用法：1.表示事实,现状,性质或经常的,习惯的动作,常与often, usually, always, sometimes, today,every day,once a week, every five minutes, on Sundays等时间状语连用, eg. I often sleep late on Sundays. 2.表示普遍真理. eg. The earth goes round the sun. 3.表示在现在时间里所发生的一个动作. eg. Here comes the train. 4.在时间和条件状语从句中,从句用一般现在时 . eg. Ill go with you if you are free tomorrow.Ill call you when she comes.练习题 1. My English teacher _about thirty years old, but he _younger than he really is. A. is, look B .is, looks C. am, look2.Jim_veryhard, but he _till a little weak in Chinese. A. studies, is B. study, is C. doesnt study, is3. We all know that the sun _ round the earth. A. goes B. dont go C. doesnt go 4.There_twelve months in a year and January_ first.A. is, comes B. are, come C. are, comes5.Who _ the kite best of all, Jim? Lucy or Lily? A .flies B. fly C .are flying6. _ the Great Wall one of the places of great interests?A. Was B. Do C. Is7._she_home at six oclock every morning? A. Do, comes B. Does, Come C. Do, come8. My mother_ like watching, so she _ to bed very early every evening. A. doesnt , go B. dont go C. doesnt , goes9.Mr Li usually _newspapers after supper every day.A. read B. reading C. reads一般过去时一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，一般过去时通常由动词的过去式构成。用法 ：1.主要用于过去某个时间发生的动作或状态. eg. My father was at work yesterday.2.表示过去经常或反复发生的动作,常与often, always 等表示频率的时间状语连用. eg. He always went to work by bus last summer/before.3.和when等连词引导的状语从句连用. eg. When she reached home, she had a short rest. 4.常与过去的时间状语连用, 如 ago, yesterday, last week, in the old days, when I was five, in 1995,just now 等. eg.They began the work two months ago. 结构：肯定式:主语+动词的过去式 + 其他 eg. I got up at six this morning. They were late yesterday. 否定式:主语 + did not + 动词原形 + 其他 eg. John didnt live here last year.They were not late yesterday. 疑问式:Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他 eg. Did you see him a moment ago?Were they late yesterday?简略回答.(肯)Yes, 主语 +did (否)No , 主语 + didnt.过去式构成行为动词的过去式分为规则和不规则两种, 规则的过去式是在动词后加ed或d,不规则动词参照不规则动词表。 规则动词的过去式变化如下： 1.一般情况下，动词词尾加 -ed ，如： work -worked play-played wanted-wanted act-acted 2.以不发音的 -e 结尾，动词词尾加 -d，如： live-lived move-moved taste-tasted hope-hoped 3.以辅音字母 + y结尾的，把-y变为-i 再加-ed，如:study-studied copy-copied cry-cried carry-carried 4.以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写词尾辅 音字母，再加 -ed，如：stop stopped planplanned 过去式“-ed”的发音规则 （1）动词词尾为“t，d”时，发/ id /音， want wanted need needed （2）动词词尾为清辅音时，发/ t / 音。 help helped laugh laughed look looked wash washed watch watched（3）动词词尾为t，d以外之浊辅音或元音时，发/ d /音。 call called stay stayed cry cried 不规则中寻规则I. 过去式与动词原形同形。例如： letlet, putput, hithit, readreadredII.动词原形以owaw结尾，过去式常变为ew。例如： knowknew, growgrew, throwthrew, drawdrew等。但是也有一些例外，例如：showshowed。III.许多动词只要将动词原形中的元音字母i改为a，就可变为过去式。eg：beginbegan, givegave, singsang, swimswam, sitsat, drinkdrank, ringrang等。 但是winwon例外。IV.有些动词的过去式以o(a)ught结尾。例如： bringbrought, buybought, thinkthought, catchcaught, teachtaught等。 注意上述动词过去式究竟是以ought :t还是aught :t结尾，只要记住“有a则a，无a则o”即可。即:原形中有a的，过去式变为aught，否则为ought。V. 以eep结尾的动词，常将eep改为ept构成过去式。例如：keepkept, sleepslept, sweepswept等。练习题 (答案写在题号前)1. The two _ in the same class last year. A. are B. was C. were2.They stopped here because they_ the way to the station. A. didnt know B. dont know C. will know3.The students in Li Leis class _on a farm last week. A. work B. works C. worked4. _that worker_ in a shoe factory a year ago? A. Do, work B. Did, worked C. Did, work5. _your mother _to work last Saturday? A. Did, go B. Do, go C. Does, go6. They_ not late the day before yesterday. A. did B. were C. are7. _they away from school last October? A. Did B. Were C. Do8-Where _you find your ticket? -I _ it on the ground.A. did, found B. do, found C. were, find9.What _they _ for breakfast last week? A. were, have B. did, have C. will, have10.My friend _his homework five minutes ago. A. finish B. finishes C. finished11.The boys _only subjects last term, but this term they _ five. A. have, have B. had, had C. had, have12.Why _ Ann _TV last night ? A. didnt, watch B. dont watch C. doesnt watch现 在 进 行 时现在进行时表示目前或目前阶段正在进行的动作。 结构：肯定式：主语+助动词be+动词的现在分词+其它。Mary is cleaning the classroom now. 否定式: 主语+助动词be+not+动词的现在分词+其它。They are not playing the computer games. 一般疑问句: be+主语+动词的现在分词+其它？Are you waiting for the taxi at the bus stop ?Yes, I am./No, Im not 特殊疑问句:疑问词+be+主语+动词的现在分词+其它？ What are your family doing at that moment?Where is Toby swimming these days?动词的现在分词是动词ing形式，其构成形式见下表：规则例词-ing直接加 inggogoing以不发音e结尾的动词去e加 ingtakemaketakingmaking以重读闭音节结尾的动词，如末尾只有一个辅音字母，则应双写该字母，再加ing.rungetputrunninggettingputting特殊变化：die-dying,lie-lying，tie-tying 用法：1.表示目前发生(进行)的动作(不指状态),常用时间状语有:now, at the moment 等,并常出现在祈使句的句子中,与 look, listen连用. eg. Are you writing a letter to your father at the moment? Listen! She is singing in the next room.2.表示目前阶段正在进行,而此刻不一定在进行的动作. eg. They are planting trees these days. 3.表示按计划或安排即将进行的动作,表示这种动作的动词有:come, go, leave, arrive, start,等,并常与表示将来时间的状语连用. eg. They are leaving for Australia tomorrow afternoon.注意: 某些表示感觉或状态的动词,如 love, like, prefer, hate, see, know等一般不用现在进行时. eg. Lucy prefers art to science.练习题 1.Cant you see he and his friends_ some machines? A. is making B. are making C. make2. My father_ TV with my mother now. A. watch B. watching C. is watching3.Its six oclock in the evening, My family_supper at the table. A. eats B. is eating C. are eating4. Lucy and Lily _ to speak Chinese with Miss Gao. A. is, try B. Is trying C. are, trying5.The dog often _itself outside the door. A. is washing B. wash C. washes6.The students in Class One _carefully to their English teacher. A. is listening B. is looking C. are listening7.Listen! The children _ in the open air. A. singing B. is singing C. are singing8.Whats the matter, Li Lei? I _ for my pen. A. am look B. am looking C. look9.Lets go into the classroom. The bell _. A. ringing B. is ringing C. is ring10.The man is badly hurt and he _on the road sadly.A. is lying B. are lying C. lieing一 般 将 来 时一般将来时表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态 结构：助动词shall/will be (is ,am ,are ) going to + 动词原形（当主语第一人称时，一般用shall，当主语为人称主语为第一第二第三人称时，都可用will）肯定式: 主语+shall/will+动词原形+其他否定式: 主语+shall/will+not+动词原形+其他.疑问式: Shall/Will+主语+动词原形+其他简略回答: (肯)Yes,主语+shall/will (否)No,主语+shall/will+not 缩写: ll =shall/will shant= shall not wont = will not 用法:1.表示将要发生的动 作或情况,常用时间状语有: later (on), soon, in a month, next week , from now on, tomorrow等. eg. I shall /will be eighteen years old next year. 2.表示某种必然的趋势 eg. Fish will die without water. 注意：1.在以第一人称为主语的问句中,常用shall表示提议和询问情况,在以第二人称作主语的问句中,用will 表示请求. eg. Where shall we have the meeting? Will you please lend me your pen? 2.当主语是第一人称时,用will 表示意愿,决心等.eg. I will give you a dictionary for your birthday. 3.在时间或条件状语从句中,从句常用一般现在时代替一般将来时. eg. Tom will write to me when he gets there. 4.be going to +动词原形也可表示将来时. (1).表示主观意愿；打算等. eg. Hes going to learn English next term. (2).根据已有迹象,可能要发生的情况 eg. - Look at the black clouds! -It is going to rain. 练习题 1.The student_ back in two hours. A. come B. is coming C. came2.What_ you