2015年职称英语教材综合类阅读理解A级.doc

阅读理解部分第三十四篇To Have and Have NotIt had been boring hanging about the hotel all afternoon. The road crew were playing a game with dollar notes. Folding them into small planes to see whose would fly the furthest. 1 Having nothing better to do，I joined in and won five，and then took the opportunity to escape with my profit. Despite the evil-looking clouds，I had to get out for a while. I headed for a shop on the other side of the street. Unlike the others，it didnt have a sign shouting its name and business，and instead of the usual impersonal modern lighting，there was an appealing glow inside. Strangely nothing was displayed in the window. Not put off by this，I went inside. It took my breath away. I didnt know where to look, where to start. On one wall there hung three hand-stitched American quilts that were in such wonderful condition they might have been newly-made. I came across tin toys and antique furniture, and on the wall in front of me, a 1957 Stratocaster guitar , also in excellent condition. A card pushed between the strings said $50. I ran my hand along a long shelf of records, reading their titles. And there was more. . . “Can I help you？” She startled me. I hadnt even seen the woman behind the counter come in. The way she looked at me, so directly and with such power. It was a look of such intensity that for a moment I felt as if I were wrapped in some kind of magnetic or electrical field. I found it hard to take and almost turned away. But though it was uncomfortable. I was fascinated by the experience of her looking straight into me, and by the feeling that I was neither a stranger, nor strange, to her. Besides amusement her expression showed sympathy. It was impossible to tell her age；she reminded me faintly of my grandmother because, although her eyes were friendly, I could see that she was not a woman to fall out with. I spoke at last. I was just looking really, I said, though secretly wondering how much of the stuff I could cram into the bus. The woman turned away and went at once towards a back room, indicating that I should follow her. But it in no way lived up to the first room. The light made me feel peculiar, too. It came from an oil lamp that was hung from the centre of the ceiling and created huge shadows over everything. There were no rare electric guitars, no old necklaces, no hand-painted boxes with delicate flowers. It was also obvious that it must have taken years, decades, to collect so much rubbish, so many old documents arid papers. I noticed some old books, whose gold lettering had faded, making their titles impossible to read. They look interesting, I said, with some hesitation. To be able to understand that kind of writing you must first have had a similar experience, she said clearly. She noted the confused look on my face, but didnt add anything. She reached up for a small book which she handed to me. This is the best book I can give you at the moment, she laughed. “If you use it. ” I opened the book to find it full. or rather empty, with blank white pages, but paid her the few dollars she asked for it, becoming embarrassed when I realised the notes were still folded into little paper planes. I put the book in my pocket, thanked her and left. 词汇：impersonal 客观的；非个人的；没有人情味的；语 非人称的 n. 语非人称动词；不具人格的事物antique 古老的，年代久远的 n. 古董，古玩startle 使吓一跳，使惊奇 n. 惊愕，惊恐arid 干旱的，枯萎的。毫无生气的magnetic 有吸引力的，磁极的注释：1. The road crew were playing a game with dollar notes. Folding them into small planes to see whose would for the furthest. 巡回乐团道具管理组的成员在用美元玩游戏，把纸币折成纸飞机的形状然后看谁飞得最远。2. I was fascinated by the experience of her looking straight into me, and by the feeling that I was neither a stranger , nor strange, to her. 我还是觉得那种被直视的感觉很美妙，那种感觉是我既不是陌生人而且对她来说并不陌生。3. The light made me feel peculiar, too. It came from an oil lamp that was hung the centre of the ceiling and created huge shadows over everything. 房间的灯光也让我感觉和特别，灯光来自天花板上的油灯，使一切都笼罩在巨大的阴影之下。练习： 1. Why did the writer want to leave the hotel?A. To enjoy the good weather. B. To have a change of scene. C. To spend all his winnings. D. To get away from the crew. 2. What attracted the writer to the shop?A. The lack of a sign or name. B. The fact that it was nearby. C. The empty window display. D. The light coming from inside. 3. The writer found the stock in the front of the shop_. A. of top qualityB. of good valueC. difficult to get atD. badly displayed4. What was unusual about the way the woman looked at him?A. It made him feel self-conscious. B. She was happy to stare at him. C. She seemed to know him well. D. It made him want to look away. 5. The writer disliked the back room because_. A. there was hardly anything in itB. she had ordered him to go thereC. he saw nothing he really likedD. it was too dark to look around答案与题解：1. B 本题的问题是：为什么作者想要离开宾馆？由本文第一段第一句可以得出答案。在宾馆是十分无聊的，最后一句也写出作者不顾天气不好而想要出去走走，A，C选项错误，D选项未提及。2. D 本题的问题是：是什么吸引作者到那个商店？由第二段中间“there was an appealing glow inside. ” 可以得出答案。A，C选项不切题。D选项未提及。3. A 本题的问题是：作者发现在小店前面存放的物品是怎样的？从第三段对于物品的详细描述可以得出答案。“ On one wall there hung three hand-stitched American quilts that were in such wonderful condition they might have been newly-made. I came across tin toys and antique furniture, and on the wall in front of me, a 1957 Stratocaster guitar , also in excellent condition. ”4. C 本题的问题是：那个女人看他的方式有什么不同？由第四段最后一句“I was fascinated by the experience of her looking straight into me, and by the feeling that I was neither a stranger, nor strange, to her. ”有一种似曾相识的感觉。5. C 本体的问题是：作者不喜欢后屋的原因？从文中的第六段和第七段可以得出结论，他认为没有什么他真正喜欢的东西。“It was also obvious that it must have taken years, decades, to collect so much rubbish, so many old documents arid papers. ”“I noticed some old books, whose gold lettering had faded, making their titles impossible to read. They look interesting, I said, with some hesitation. ”译文：要还是不要在宾馆里闲待一个下午是很无聊的。巡回乐团道具管理组的成员在用美元玩游戏，把纸币折成纸飞机的形状然后看谁飞得最远。因为没有什么事情可以做，我加入了他们并且贏了五 局，之后我找了个机会带着我贏的钱退出了游戏。尽管天色看起来不是很好，我还是决定出去 走一走。我向前走到了街道另一边的一个小店里。与其他的小店不同，它没有吸引眼球的名字和主要 经营的项目，取而代之的是普通的霓虹灯，里面则是吸引人的强光。奇怪的是并没有什么影子映 射在窗户上。我并没有因为这个而停住脚步，我走了进去。我屏住呼吸，不知道看哪里也不知道从哪里开始看。一面墙上挂着三个手工缝制的美国壁毯， 十分美丽，可能是新做的。我穿过易拉罐和散落的小玩意儿还有古董家具，在我面前的一面墙上 挂着一个崭新的1957年的Straocaster吉他。一张五十美元的卡插在琴弦上。我的手抚摸着放唱片 的架子，读着标题。这里还有很多的“我可以帮助你吗？”她吓了我一跳。我没有看见在柜台后面的女人。她看我的方式如此居 高临下，这一时让我很紧张像是被一种磁场或是电场紧紧包裹住。很难避开那个眼神。但是尽 管很不舒服，我还是觉得那种被直视的感觉很美妙，那种感觉对我来说不陌生，对她来说也不 陌生。除了愉悦以外她的神情还流露出慈爱和怜悯。我猜不出她的年龄。尽管她的眼神充满了友善， 她使我想起了我的祖母。我能感觉到她是一个不喜欢与人争吵的人。最后我开口说话，“我真的只是看看”，私下里却在好奇有多少东西能够塞进汽车。她转身离开到后面的屋子，示意我应该跟随其后，但这并非是第一个房间，房间的灯光也让 我感觉很特别，灯光来自天花板上的油饤，使一切都笼罩在巨大的阴影之下。这里没有罕见的电 吉他，没有古老的项链，没有鲜花装饰的手绘盒子。很明显它是陈旧的用来存放垃圾和那些平淡无奇的旧文献的。我发现了一些旧书，那些金字巳经退去使题目很难辨认。“它们看起来很有趣。”我迟疑地 说。“要想了解上面所写你必须有相似的经历/她清楚地说。她察觉到我的脸上充满了疑惑可是 却没有再说什么。她伸出手拿了一本小书然后递给了我。“这是目前我能够给你的最好的书”，她笑着说道，“如果你要用它”。我打开书发现全部是一片空白，但依然给了她向我要的几美元，当我察觉到美元依然是纸飞机的形状时不免有些尴尬。我把书放到包里，谢过她并离开了。第三十五篇Going Her Own WayWhen she was twelve, Maria made her first important decision about the course of her life. She decided that she wanted to continue her education. Most girls from middle-class families choseto stay home after primary school, though some attended private Catholic finishing schools. There they leamed a little about music, art, needlework, and how to make polite conversation. This was not the sort of education that interested Maria - or her mother. By this time, she hadbegun to take her studies more seriously. She read constantly and brought her books everywhere. One time she even brought her math book to the theater and tried to study in the dark. Maria knew that she wanted to go on leaming in a serious way. That meant attending thepublic high school, something that very few girls did. In Italy at the time, there were two. types ofhigh schools: the classical schools and the technical schools. In the classical schools, thestudents followed a very traditional program of studies, with courses in Latin and Greek languageand literature, and Italian literature and history. The few girls who continued studying afterprimary school usually chose these schools. Maria, however, wanted to attend a technical school. The technical schools were more modernthan the classical schools and they offered courses in modern languages, mathematics, science, andaccounting2. Most people - including Marias father_. believed that girls would never be able tounderstand these subjects. Furthermore, they did not think it was proper for girls to study them. Maria did not care if it was proper or not. Math and science were the subjects that interestedher most. But before she could sign up for the technical school, she had to win her fathersapproval. She finally did, with her mothers help, though for many years after, there was tensionin the family. Marias father continued to oppose her plans, while her mother helped her. In 1883, at age thirteen, Maria entered the Regia Scuola Tecnica Michelangelo Buonarroti inRome. Her experience at this school is difficult for us to imagine. Though the courses includedmodern subjects, the teaching methods were very traditional. Leaming consisted of memorizing longlists of facts and repeating them back to the teacher. Students were not supposed to ask questionsor think for themselves in any way. Teachers-were very demanding, discipline in the classroomwas strict, and punishment was severe for those who failed to achieve or were disobedient. 词汇：discipline 纪律，学科，训练，惩罚punishment 惩罚，严厉对待，虐待注释：1. In the classical schools, the students followed a very traditional program of studies, with coursesin Latin and Greek language and literature; and Italian literature and history. 在传统学校中，学生们都依照一种非常传统的教学方式学习，包含拉丁语、希腊语与文学课，还有意大利文学与历史。2. The technical schools were more modern than the classical schools and they offered courses inmodern languages, mathematics, science, and accounting. 技术学校比传统学校要现代得多，他们提供的课程有现代语言、数学、自然科学，以及会计学。练习： 1. Maria wanted to attend_. A) private finishing schoolB) school with Latin and GreekC) technical high schoolD) school for art and music2. In those days, most Italian girls_. A) went to classical schoolsB) went to finishing schoolsC) did not go to high schoolD) went to technical schools3. You can infer from this passage that_. A) girls usually attended private primary schoolsB) only boys usually attended technical schools_C) girls did not like going to schoolD) only girls attended classical schools4. Marias father probably_. A) had very modern views about womenB) had very traditional views about womenC) had no opinion about womenD) thought women could not learn Latin5. High school teachers in Italy in those days were_. A) very. modernB) very intelligentC) quite scientificD) quite strict答案与题解：1C本题的问题是：Maria想去个怎样的学校？由文中第三段可明确得出结论。“Maria,however, wanted to attend a technical school. A,B,D项均有明显错误。2C本题的问题是：在当时的意大利大多数女孩的选择是什么？由文中第一段可知“Most girlsfrom middle-class families chose to stay home after primary school，”所以本题的正确答案为C。3B本题为推理题，问题是：从全文可以得出什么样的结论？A选项未提及。C选项错误，原文只说大多数女孩子都选择待在家里，并未说她们都不喜欢读书。D选项错误，原文只说就算是上学的话大多数女孩子也都选择传统学校，而并非只有女孩子才可以去。所以正确答案为B。4B本题的问题是：Maria的父亲对女性的态度是什么？由文中第三段倒数第二句“Mostpeople - including Marias father - believed that girls would never be able to understand thesesubjects. ”可以得出答案，父亲和大多数人一样都持传统观念。5D本题的问题是：当时的意大利高中教师是怎样的？从文中最后一段可以得出结论Teachers were very demanding, discipline in the classroom was strict, and punishment wassevere for those who failed to achieve or were disobedient. ”故正确答案为D。译文：选择她自己的路当她12岁的时候，、玛利亚做出了她人生道路的第一个重要决定。她决定继续读书。对于大多数来自中产阶级家庭的女孩子来说，小学毕业就都选择待在家里，尽管有一些参加了教会办的女子精修学校。在那她们学习一些音乐、艺术、针线活，以及如何礼貌交谈。这些并不是玛利亚所感兴趣的或者可以说也不是她妈妈感兴趣的。此时，她对待学习更加认真。她不停地读书，他走到哪里就把书带到哪里。有一次她甚至把数学书带到了剧院里，设法在黑暗中学习。玛利亚知道她想要继续正规学习。她想要到公立高中去学习，很少有女孩子这样做。在当时的意大利，有两种形式的高中，一种是“传统”学校，另一种是“技术类”学校。在传统学校中，学生们都依照一种非常传统的教学方式学习，包含拉丁语、希腊语及文学课，还有意大利的文学与历史。极少数能继续学习的女孩们也大多选择这类学校。但是玛利亚打算去技术类学校。技术类学校比传统学校要现代得多，他们提供的课程有现代语言、数学、自然科学，以及会计学。包括玛利亚父亲在内的大部分人都认为，女孩子是不可能弄明白这些科目的。另外，他们也认为女孩子不适合学习这些。玛利亚并不在乎适合与否。数学和自然科学是她最感兴趣的学科。但是在她报名之前她必须争得她父亲的同意。最后在她母亲的帮助下她成功了，尽管过去很多年她的家庭关系依然很紧张。她的父亲一直地反对她的计划，而她的母亲却帮助她。1883年，玛利亚13岁的时候考取了罗马的“Regia Scuola Tecnica MichelangeloBuonarroti”学校。她在这个学校的经历对我们来说难以想象。尽管课程包括现代学科，而教学方式却是十分传统的。学习包括记忆长长的词条和事件，然后向老师复述。学生们不会以任何的方式被提问或是自己思考。老师非常苛刻，课堂纪律十分严格，未达标准或者不守纪律的学生会被给予严厉的惩罚。第三十六篇Life as a Movie ExtraOrdinary people have always been attracted to the world of movies and movie stars. One way to get closer to this world is to become a movie extra. Although you have seen movie extras, you may not have paid attention to them. Extras are the people seated at tables in a restaurant while the two main actors are in conversation. They are the guests at the wedding of the main characters. They are the people crossing the street while “the bad guy is being chased by the police. Extras dont normally speak any lines, but they help make the scenes look real1. Being a movie extra might seem like a lot of fun. You get to see what life is like behind the scenes. But dont forget that being an extra is really a job, and its mostly about doing nothing. First-time extras are often shocked to learn how slow the process of movie making is. In a finished movie, the action may move quickly. But it can sometimes take a whole day to shoot a scene that appears for just a few minutes on the screen. The main requirement for being an extra is the ability to wait. You may report to work at 5 or 6 a. m. ，and then you wait until the director is ready for your scene. This could take several hours. Then there may be technical problems, and you have to wait some more. After the director says “action”and you do the first “take”，you may have to do it again if he or she is not satisfied with the scene. In fact, you may have to do the same scene over and over again. You could be on the set for hours, sometimes waiting outdoors in very hot or cold weather. 2 You may not be finished until 11 p. m. or midnight. The pay isnt good, either often only a little bit above minimum wage. And you must pay the agent who gets you the job a commission of about 10 percent. So who would want to be a movie extra? In spite of the long hours and low pay, many people still apply for the job. Some people truly enjoy the work. They like being on a movie set, and they enjoy the companionship of their fellow extras. Most of them have flexible schedules, which allow them to be available. 3They may be students, waiters, homemakers, retired people, or unemployed actors. Some unemployed actors hope the work will help them get real acting jobs, but it doesnt happen often. Most people in the movie industry make a sharp distinction between extras and actors, so extras are not usually considered for large parts. The next time you see a movie，dont just watch the stars. Take a closer look at the people in the background, and ask yourself : Who are they? Why are they there? What else do they do in life? Maybe there is someone in the crowd who is just like you. 词汇：movie extra群众演员 chase追捕 shoot拍摄 action (导演指令）开拍 commission 佣金注释：1Extras dont normally speak any lines, but they help make the scenes look real. ：虽然群众演员通常没有台词，但他们的存在使整个场景更加逼真。2You could be on the set for hours，sometimes waiting outdoors in very hot or cold weather. ：在拍摄现场，你可能一演就是几个小时，有时还要一直待在很热或很冷的环境中。on the set：在拍摄现场。3Most of them have flexible schedules, which allow them to be available. ：这些人中大部分都是时间比较灵活的人，这样他们就能腾出时间来演戏。练习： 1What is true about movie extras?A)Only agents get them jobs in movies. B)They often have to wait around on movie sets and do nothing. C)Its a good way to get a real acting job. D)They can have drinks in a restaurant. 2What might surprise movie extras the first time they do the job?A)It can take hours to do a scene that is only a few minutes long in the movie. B)They always do the same scene many times. C)The actors are interested in talking to them. D)The action moves very quickly. 3Why do most people work as movie extras?A)They like meeting famous movie stars. B)They think they will become famous. C)They want to be on a movie set. D)They will get real acting jobs. 4What are the job requirements for being a movie extra?A)You have to have a part-time job. B)You must be attractive. C)You must be willing to repeat a scene many times. D)You must start working very early. 5It can be inferred from the passage that. A)being a movie extra can be boringB)movie extras need acting experienceC)movie extras can play larger partsD)movie actors are quite different from actors答案与题解：1B本文的第三段详细叙述了群众演员的主要工作要求是在拍摄现场等，不用做事，所以答案为B；第一段中描述了群众演员的工作；他们是演员的陪衬，不用讲话。虽然提到他们是在餐馆里，但并没有提是否可以喝饮料，所以D可以排除；A中的only 词太笼统，所以A不对；从第四段可以看出，从群众演员到演员的转型是相当困难的，所以C也不对。2A第二段中说明了令初做群众演员感到吃惊的是：拍一个场景需要一整天，而播放时只有几分钟。虽然B、D都有所提及，但不是令他们吃惊的事情。3C虽然做群众演员耗时长而薪酬低，但他们为什么还选择这一工作呢？答案在第四段：他们喜欢这份工作，愿意与别的群众演员交流，他们自己的工作时间有弹性。A没有提到，B、D不太可能。4C做群众演员的条件是什么？在第三段和第四段，我们可知：要有耐心（长时间等待，一个场景有时要拍好多次），要肯吃苦（在恶劣的户外环境中拍戏），报酬低，工作时间有弹性。A、B没有提到；在第三段的第二句提到：You may report to work at 5 or 6 a. m. ，表明只是有时会很早开始工作，不是每日必须的，所以D不对。5A从本文对群众演员的工作描述我们可以看出，群众演员只是演员的道具，所以是乏味的。B没有提到；据第四段的最后一句，C不对；第四段的最后一句清楚表明，群众演员和真正的演员差别很大，所以不是得出的推论，推论是通过字里行间推出来的，不是给出的陈述。译文：群众演员的人生人们常常被电影和电影演员吸引，接近他们的方式之一就是当群众演员。虽然你见过群众演员，但可能从没注意过他们。群众演员就是主角在餐厅对话时在后面坐着的人，是主角举行婚礼时在现场的客人，是“坏人”被警察追捕的时候过马路的行人。虽然群众演员通常没有台词，但他们的存在使整个场景更真实。当群众演员看上去很有意思，你可以看到电影背后的情景。但是不要忘记群众演员是一个职业，而这个职业常常意味着无事可做。第一次当群众演员的人常常会感到震惊：原来拍电影这么缓慢。电影成品中的场景会播放的很快，但在拍摄的时候，屏幕上几