哈工大英语词汇提高Chapter 17 Waiter.doc

Building Vocabulary Skills Unit 3 Chapter 17 2012级2014年春季学期Unit 3 Chapter 17 Waiter Key Words Chapter 17deferendeavorequateimposeindignantinevitablemaliciousoptionpassivepatronAdditional Words 17 enrollenactenchainenlightendignitymalpracticemaltreatmalfunctionpassionpatheticTeaching Procedures 1. Warm-up Activity (5 minutes) Task 1 check the students workbook(Unit 1-2) : ask students what how they did in the past few weeks.Task 1 audio : VOA英语每天学个词the jury is out.mp3 By listening, the students may not only learn real English but also know about the current news in the world, in this way, the students will learn more vocabulary with deep impressions.2. Studentsinvolvement activities(15 minutes) The students do multiple choice and translation of sample sentences in turn around 10 words in Chapter 17 , at the same time teacher may help them to explain some new words or useful expressions. 3. Interactive Word Study in Context: (25 minutes) Aim: applying the theory of lexicology in class; give students very clear clues of certain words and their meanings; teach them how to learn English vocabulary and train them skills of how to memorize the new words.Teaching Steps:(1) perform the activities interactively based on guessing the meaning of the 10 words in context, try to make class lively;(2) apply the theory of lexicology to sense relations in the ten words, T may explain and enlarge something important. Skills of Vocabulary Learning:antonyms in context synonyms in context common sense (general knowledge)cultural information create word power on words from example sentence X collocationrelated forms word formation on roots and affixation phrases and expressions from example sentence synonym discrimination: 1. defer: vi. to yield in judgment or opinion服从；顺从；让步: defer to + N. He would not defer to Carol in financial matters.collocation:defer to (对某人的意见)服从，让步 in deference to遵从；考虑到 related forms: deference: n.deferential: a.deference: n.deference: n.idioms around respect:command respect博得尊敬gain/ win broad respect 受到广泛尊敬have / show respect for sb.尊敬某人lose the respect of 失去的尊敬in no respect无论哪方面都不是in respect of/to关于；就而言pay ones respects to(文语)对(某人)打招呼，表敬意pay respect to留心于，考虑without respect (文语) 不在乎，无视，与无关，不论with respect to(文语) 关于一事，就而言(主要用于公函)synonyms: accede同意, accommodate使一致，和解；提供方便；容纳； 顾及, acquiesce默许，勉强同意, agree, assent同意, capitulate 停止抵抗；(在一定条件下)投降, cave挖空, 塌落，屈服, comply顺从，答应, concede vt. 承认，给予vi. 让步, give in to, submit使服从，屈服vi. 屈从；忍受, succumb屈从，死, truckle屈从，谄媚 antonyms: advance, force 2. endeavor: vt. to attempt, to try to do sth. 努力，尽力，尝试 He endeavored to win votes for his proposal. 前缀 em-,en-表示“进入之中，包围；使进入状态”enroll / nrl / vt.&vi（en+roll名单）注册，记入名册；招收；使入会；使入学，招(生)；使入伍，征(兵)例句1. He enrolled with an employment agency for a secretary. 他在职业介绍所登记要当秘书。 2. I should like to enroll all my children in the swimming class. 我愿意让我的孩子们都参加游泳班。3. We may enroll another two classes of 20 students each. 我们可以再招收两个班，每班20个学生。enact /nkt/ vt. (en+ act法令，法案使成法令颁布)颁布，规定，担任.角色。例句1.Several bills were enacted at the end of this session of Parliament. 这届议会结束时，好几个议案制定成为法律。 2. You also enact a part in life. 你也在人生的舞台上扮演一个角色。3. You are required to fulfill these obligation as by law enact.你必须履行法律规定的这些义务. enchain /nten / vt.（en+chain锁链）束缚；抓牢，吸引住(注意力，感情等) 例句1. The speakers earnestness enchained the audiences attention . 说话人的诚挚紧紧抓住了听众的注意力。2. Rise up! All ye slaves of evil, Sin too long has oppressed and enchained you.起来，全世界的罪奴！你们受尽了多少的痛苦？3. The rope enchained the dogs neck, so it could not run away easily. 绳子拴住了狗脖子，因此狗就没那么容易跑掉。enlighten / nlatn / vt.（en+ligh光en给人光明启发）启发，启蒙；开导例句1. Would you enlighten me on your plans for the future? 请给我解释一下你将来的计划好吗？2. Can you enlighten her on this subject？对这个问题你能启发启发她吗？3.A few dedicated doctors have fought for years to enlighten the profession. 一些有献身精神的医生多年来一直努力指导业内同仁。The Enlightenment(启蒙运动), a European philosophical movement of the l7th and 18th centuries, characterized by belief in the power of reason and by innovations in political, religious, and educational doctrine. embitter v.（em+bitter痛苦的）使痛苦，使难过 embody v. (em+body身体使身体出来)体现synonyms: try, attempt, essay, labor, strive, make an effort, make an attempt, do ones best, peg away坚持不懈地工作(勤奋工作), take pains.antonyms: be idle, ignore, laze, procrastinate, put off. 英美词汇差异对照表American EnglishBritish Englishautomobilemotor(car)candysweetscell phonemobile phonecongress parliament cornmaizecookiebiscuitelevatorliftfallautumnfootballAmerican footballfreshmanthe first year student gas petrolkid(s) childrenpantstrouserssoccerfootballperiod句号full stop scotch苏格兰威士忌whiskey semestertermsidewalkpavementstoreshop subway underground/tubetrunk (of a car) 汽车车尾的行李箱boot (of a car)vacationholiday3. equate: vt. to regard as the same in some way; to regard, treat or represent as equivalent: 使相等；相当于；等同 You cant equate the education system of Britain to that of Germany.collocation:equate A with B 视A与B同等，使均衡equate A to/with B使A与B相等，把A与B做成等式，使A和B相等related forms：equitable: a. 公平的；公正的equation: n. 等式equator: n. 赤道 Ecuador n. / ekwd:(r) / 厄瓜多尔synonyms: assimilate使同化，吸收, equalize, make equal, match, square, tally计算，记录，使一致 antonyms: disagree, imbalance, unlike 4. impose: vt. a. to place( a tax, fine etc) on sb. or sth: 课征；征税(税款) The government has imposed a new tax on cigarettes.b. to force (oneself or ones opinion etc) on a person: 强加；强迫 He liked to impose his authority on the teacher who had newly arrived at the school.collocation:impose on sb.打扰某人，麻烦某人；占某人的便宜impose sth. on sb.把强加于某人 related forms：imposer: n.imposition: n.create word power on dinner:dinner dance晚宴舞会dinner jacket (BrE)=(AmE)tuxedo礼服上装dinner lady 学校里为孩子端饭菜的妇女dinner party 社交舞会dinner service=dinner set 西餐餐具 synonyms: compel, constrain强迫, 限制, enforce加强，强迫，执行, enjoin吩咐, 命令, force, force upon 5. indignant: a. (more formal than angry) angry, usu. because of some wrong that has been done to oneself or others: The indignant customer complained to the manager.词根dign=worthy, noble,表示“值得，高贵”indignant a.（in不+dign+ant不高贵的不高贵地表现愤怒）愤慨的，愤怒的dignity / dnt/ n.（dign高贵+ity) 尊严；高尚；自豪；自尊。例句1. The real dignity of a man lies in what he is, not in what he has. 一个人的真正尊严在于他的品格，而非他的财富。 2. Only a truly free person has human dignity. 只有真正自由的人才具有人的尊严。3. He considered the job beneath his dignity. 他认为这种工作有失身份。collocation:indignant at/ about/ over + n. (对不正、邪恶等)愤慨的，气愤的indignant with sb.indignation at/ about/ over + sthindignation with/ against sb. related forms：indignantly: ad.indignation: n.cultural information related to 愤怒的:The Grapes of Wrath is an American realist novel written by John Steinbeck and published in 1939. As a result, he won the annual National Book Award and Pulitzer Prize for novels and it was cited prominently when he won the Nobel Prize in 1962.愤怒的葡萄是美国现代小说家约翰斯坦贝克（1902-1968）的作品，发表于一九三九年。这部作品描写美国三十年代经济恐慌期间大批农民破产、逃荒的故事，反映了惊心动魂的社会斗争的图景。小说饱含美国农民的血泪、愤慨和斗争，可以说是美国现代农民的史诗，也是美国现代文学的一部名著。synonyms: annoyed, displeased, furious狂怒的，激烈的，吵闹的， huffy发怒的, in a huff, incensed激怒了的；愤怒的, irate发怒的，生气 antonyms: gleeful, happy, pleased create your word power-words about angry:irritable: easily annoyed or provoked; fretfulpeevish: (易怒的，暴躁的，撒娇的) hard to please; irritable; fretful; crossquerulous: (抱怨的，发牢骚的，爱挑剔的) given to complaining; peevish refractory: (执拗的) stubbornly disobedient. waspish:( 易怒的，尖刻的) quick to be angry or resentful.wrathful: (愤怒的) full of wrath; fiercely angry exasperated: to make very angry or impatient; annoy greatly wroth: (大海等)汹涌的，暴怒的) wrathful; angry ireful: (忿怒的) feeling or showing extreme anger 6. inevitable: a. unavoidable: The Prime Minister said that war was inevitable.related forms：inevitability: n.inevitably: ad. synonyms: assured, decided, destined, determined, doomed, fated, fateful, fixed, for certain, foreordained, imminent, impending, in the bag, ineluctable, ineludible, inescapable,inexorable,prescribed, unalterable, unavoidable, undeniable, unpreventable antonyms: avoidable, doubtful, escapable, preventable, uncertain 7. malicious: a. having the nature of or resulting from malice; deliberately harmful; spiteful: 恶意的；充满怨恨的；邪恶的。Malicious gossip can soil a persons reputation. 恶意的流言蜚语会损害一个人的名誉。前缀 mal-表示“坏，恶”（亦作male）malicious a.(mal 恶，坏+icious 表性质 心眼坏 不怀好意的)malpractice / mlprkts / n.（mal+practice做事，实践做坏事）不法行为，玩忽职守。例句1. She sued her doctor for malpractice. 她控告她的医生失职。2. There were only one or two serious allegations of malpractice. 只有一两起有关营私舞弊的严重指控。3. Various malpractices by police officers were brought to light by the enquiry. 警察的各种不法行为经调查已揭露出来。maltreat / mltri:t / vt.（mal+treat对待）虐待例句1. Only very mean persons maltreat children. 只有非常卑鄙的人才虐待儿童。2. Does man maltreat plants? 人会虐待植物吗？ 3. Maltreat what, dont also maltreat oneself.亏待什么，也别亏待了自己。malfunction / mlfkn / n.（mal + function功能）故障，功能障碍；失灵例句1. There has been a mechanical malfunction with the landing gear.飞机的起落架有机械方面的故障。2. Results have been delayed owing to a malfunction in the computer.由于电脑发生故障，计算结果推迟了。3. Camera malfunction can be caused by shock,humidity,salt water corrosion and soon. 震动、潮湿、盐份等会使照相机出故障。vi. 失灵； 发生故障The computer malfunctioned and printed out the wrong data. 这个计算机出了故障,打印出错误的资料。 related forms：maliciously: ad.maliciousness: n.supplement to word formation:mal-: a prefix meaning “bad, ” “wrongful, ” “ill”:words parts of speech meaningexamples malice n. ill will; intention or desire to harm another; enmity(敌意，憎恨，不和); malevolence(恶意，狠毒) I suspect Ronnie tripped me so that I wont be able to play tomorrow. He did it not as a joke but out of malice. malevolentadj. (literally, “wishing ill”) showing ill will; spiteful I have heard some malevolent misrepresentation of her. malediction n. (literally, “evil saying”)curse With her dying breath, Queen Dido pronounced a malediction on Aeneas and all his descendants. malefactorn. (literally, “one who does evil ”) offender; evildoer; criminal Shortly after the crime, the malefactor was apprehended and turned over to the police.Exercise Fill the blank with the most suitable word from the group of mal- : 1. She always has a _ desire for revenge, since she was hurt in her teenage.2. He did it through _.3. Philip Nola, in Edward Everett Hales short story “The man Without a Country, ” is punished for uttering a _on the United States.4. We believe that all the _ will be pursued and punished by the law.Key:1. malevolent 有恶意的, 恶毒的，心怀不轨的 2. malice恶意, 怨恨, 蓄意 律预谋3. malediction诅咒4. malefactors 罪人, 犯人, 坏人synonyms: despiteful, detrimental有害的，不利的, evil, evil-minded, ill-disposed, malignant恶毒的，极想伤害他人的；(疾病)恶性的， 极危险的， 致命的, mean, mischievous淘气的，顽皮的；造成伤害的, noxious, ornery, pernicious, petty, poisonous, rancorous, resentful, spiteful, vengeful, vicious恶的，邪恶的；残酷的， 狠毒的, wickedantonyms: benevolent好心肠的，与人为善的；行善的， 慈善的, friendly, sympathetic, thoughtful8. option: n. (more formal than choice) choice: There are several options open to you.collocation:keepleave ones option open保留选择的自由a soft option轻松的选择，容易的选择have no (or little) option but to do不得不，被迫related forms：opt: vi.optional: a.optionally: ad.synonyms: choice, dilemma左右为难；窘境，困境, discretion自行决定的自由；自行决定权, druthers(自由的)选择；偏爱, election, flipsidesynonym discrimination: choice: choice of The shop has wide choice of cheese on display.option: one of the range of things, esp. a course of action, that you can choose to do in a particular situation.alternative: one of the things you can choose, esp. one that you can choose instead of another that you do not want. have no alternative alternative to to choose from: if there is a particular range of things or people to choose from, you can choose what you want from that range.9. passive: a. a. not active in an activity, organization, etc: 被动的，消极的 The villagers showed passive resistance to the enemy.b. (gram) of the form of the verb used when the subject receives the action of the verb(语法)被动语态 The castle was built in 1530.词根 pass, pat(i), path(y) = felling, 表示“感情” passive a.（pass+ive感情用事，受感情驱使被动的；消极的 ）passion / pn/ n.（pass感情+ion) 激情，热情；热心，爱好；热恋；酷爱例句1. He spoke with great passion. 他发表了热情洋溢的讲话。2. She had a passion for gardening.酷爱园艺。3. His other great passion was Italy. 他所酷爱的另一个国家是意大利。compassion n.（com共同+pass+ion 同情）同情pathetic / petk/ a.（path+etic关于的动感情的）可怜的；不足的；感伤的；悲哀的。例句1. The police do not pity those poor, pathetic and helpless homeless. 警察一点也不同情那些既悲哀又无助的游民。2. It was pathetic to watch her condition deteriorate.看着她的健康状况恶化真是感到难过。3. We saw the pathetic sight of starving children.我们看到挨饿的儿童悲惨可怜的样子。 collocation:passive smoking被动吸烟secondhand smoke 二手吸烟passive voice被动语态related forms：passively: ad.passiveness: n.passivity: n.synonyms: apathetic无感情的；冷淡的；无兴趣的；无动于衷的, indifferent, inert无自动力的；(身心)迟钝的, motionless，static, stolid(不动感情的；不关心的；淡漠的;无动于衷的), yieldingcreate your word power about negative feelings:chagrin (由失败等引起的)懊恼，懊丧，悔恨consternation 惊愕，惊恐，惊惶失措dejection 忧郁，沮丧despondency 失去勇气，失望gloominess 黑暗，沮丧melancholy 忧郁，悲哀，伤悲 pessimism 悲观，悲观主义10. patron: n. a. a (regular) customer of a shop ，etc. especially a steady one主顾，顾客，常客 The manager said that he knew all his patrons by sight. b. a person who supports (often with money) an artist, musician, writer, form of art: 赞助者 He is a patron of the local Art Society.collocation:patron of的赞助者，保护者，资助者；(商店、饭店的)顾客，主顾patron saint保护圣徒，守护神related forms：patronage: n.patronize, -ise: vt.patronizing, -s: a.patronage: n.synonyms: buyer, client, customer, frequenter, habitu, purchaser, shopperantonyms: employee, manager, ownercultural information from example sentence:punk-rock is a rock music genre that developed between 1974 and 1976 in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia. Rooted in garage rock and other forms of what is now known as protopunk music, punk rock bands eschewed(回避、避开) perceived excesses of mainstream 1970s rock. Punk bands created fast, hard-edged music, typically with short songs, stripped-down instrumentation, and often political, anti-establishment lyrics(抒情诗，歌词). Punk embraces(包含) a DIY(= do it yourself) ethic(伦理标准); many bands self-produced recordings and distributed them through informal channels.朋克摇滚起源于19741976年的美国、英国、澳洲，是摇滚乐的分支音乐类型，有“反社会原则” （antiestablishment）的特色。伦敦的性手枪（Sex Pistols）、冲击合唱团；纽约的雷蒙斯合唱团（Ramones）被视为朋克摇滚的先锋。synonym discrimination: Customer: 顾客 a pe