英语单词屈折变化总结.doc

动词的过去式和过去分词不规则变化分类记忆表1. AAA动词原形过去式过去分词costkstcostkstcostkst花费cutktcutktcutkt割，切hurth:thurth:thurth:t受伤hithithithithithit打，撞letletletletletlet让putputputputputput放下readri:dreadredreadred读setsetsetsetsetset安排，安置spreadspredspreadspredspreadspred展开，传播，涂spitspitspit/spatspitspit/spatspit吐痰,shuttshuttshutt关上,闭起,停止营业2. AAB动词原形过去式过去分词beatbi:tbeatbi:tbeatenbi:tn 打败3. ABA动词原形过去式过去分词becomebikmbecamebikeimbecomebikm变comekmcamekeimcomekm来runrnranrnrunrn跑4. ABB（1）在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d, t或ed构成过去式或过去分词。动词原形过去式过去分词burnb:nburntb:ntburntb:nt燃烧dealdi:ldealtdeltdealtdelt解决dreamdri:mdreamed/dreamtdreamed/dreamtdremt做梦hearhiheardh:dheardh:d听见hanghhanged/hunghhanged/hung绞死，悬挂learnl:nlearned/learntl:ntlearned/learntl:nt学习lightlaitlit/lightedlitlit/lightedlit点燃,照亮meanmi:nmeantmentmeantment意思provepru:vprovedproven/provedpru:vn证明,证实,试验shineainshone/shinedshone/shinedun,n使照耀，使发光showushowedshowed/shownun展示,给.看smellsmelsmelled/smeltsmeltsmelled/smeltsmelt闻,嗅speedspi:dspedsped/speededsped/speededsped加速spellspelspelled/speltspeltspelled/speltspelt拼写wakeweikwaked/wokewukwaked/wokenwukn醒来，叫醒,激发（2）把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d”改为“t”构成过去式或过去分词。动词原形过去式过去分词buildbildbuiltbiltbuiltbilt建筑lendlendlentlentlentlent借给rebuild,ri:bildrebuilt,ri:biltrebuilt,ri:bilt改建,重建sendsendsentsentsentsent送spendspendspentspentspentspent花费（3）原形oughtought动词原形过去式过去分词bringbribroughtbr:tbroughtbr:t带来buybaiboughtb:tboughtb:t买fightfaitfoughtf:tfoughtf:t打架thinkikthought:tthought:t思考,想(4)原形aughtaught动词原形过去式过去分词catchktcaughtk:tcaughtk:t捉,抓teachti:ttaughtt:ttaughtt:t教（5）变其中一个元音字母动词原形过去式过去分词digdidugddugd掘(土),挖(洞、沟等)feedfi:dfedfedfedfed喂findfaindfoundfound发现，找到getetgottgot/gottentn得到holdhuldheldheldheldheld拥有，握住，支持leadli:dledledledled引导,带领,领导meetmi:tmetmetmetmet遇见sitsitsatstsatst坐shootu:tshottshott射击spitspitspit/spatsptspit/spatspt吐痰,stickstikstuckstkstuckstk插进,刺入,粘住,winwinwonwnwonwn赢（6）原形lt/pt/ft动词原形过去式过去分词feelfi:lfeltfeltfeltfelt感到keepki:pkeptkeptkeptkept保持leaveli:vleftleftleftleft离开sleepsli:psleptsleptsleptslept睡觉sweepswi:psweptsweptsweptswept扫(7)其它动词原形过去式过去分词layleilaidleidlaidleid下蛋,放置paypeipaidpeidpaidpeid付sayseisaidsedsaidsed说standstndstoodstudstoodstud站understandunderstood,ndstndunderstood,ndstnd明白loselu:zlostlst,l:stlostlst,l:st失去havehvhadhd,hd,dhadhd,hd,d有makemeikmademeidmademeid制造sellselsoldsuldsoldsuld卖tellteltoldtuldtoldtuld告诉retell,ri:telretold,ri:tuldretold,ri:tuld重讲，重复，复述5. ABC（1）原形过去式原形+(e)n动词原形过去式过去分词blowblublewblu:blown吹；重击drivedraivdrovedruvdrivendrivn驾驶drawdr:drewdru:drawndr:n画画eati:tateet,eiteateni:tn吃fallf:lFellfelfallenf:ln落下giveivgaveeivgivenivn给growrugrewru:grownrun生长forgivefivforgavefeivforgiven原谅,饶恕knownuknewnju:,nu:known知道mistakemisteikmistookmistukmistaken弄错；误解,overeatuvi:toverate,uvreitovereaten(使)吃过量provepru:vprovedproven/proved证明，证实，试验taketeiktooktuktakenteikn,teikn拿throwruthrewru:thrownrun,run抛，扔rideraidroderudriddenridn骑seesi:saws:seensi:n看见showushowedshowed/shownun展示writeraitwroterutwrittenritn写（2）原形过去式过去式+(e)n动词原形过去式过去分词breakbreikbrokebrukbrokenbrukn打破choosetu:zchosetuzchosentuzn选择getetgottgot/gottentn得到hidehaidhidhidhiddenhidn隐藏forgetfetforgotftforgottenftn忘记freezefri:zfrozefruzfrozenfruzn冷冻,结冰，感到严寒speakspi:kspokespukspokenspukn说stealsti:lstolestolenstuln偷(3)变单词在重读音节中的元音字母“i”分别为“a”（过去式）和“u”（过去分词）。iau动词原形过去式过去分词beginbiinbeganbinbegunbin开始drinkdrikdrankdrkdrunkdrk喝singsisangssungs唱sinksiksanksksunksk下沉,沉没swimswimswamswmswumswm游泳ringrirangrrungr打电话（4）其它动词原形过去式过去分词be(am,is,are)was/werebeen是bearbboreb:born/borneb:n负担,忍受dodu:,du:diddiddonedn做flyflaiflewflu:flownflun飞gouwentwentgonen去lielailayleilainlein躺wearwworew:wornw:n穿tearwtorew:tornw:n撕动词原形变第三人称单数的规则1、大多数动词在词尾加“S”在清辅音后发音为s，在浊辅音及元音后发音为 z。如： stopstops s ; makemakes s readreads z ; playplays z 2、以辅音字母加“y”结尾的，要先将“y”变为“i”，然后在加“es”读iz 如： flyflies z； carrycarries z studystudies z; worryworries 3、以“s, x, ch, sh”结尾的，在词尾加“es”，读iz 如：teachteachesiz; watchwatches iz4、以“o”结尾的动词，加“es”，读z， 如： gogoes z dodoes z 下面几个动词变为单数时，原词的元音部分的发音发生了较大的变化，请注意记忆。 如： 1、do du:does dz 2、say seisays sez 以不发音字母“e”结尾的开音节词，如果尾音是s，z时，加“s”后字母“e”发音， 与所加“s” 一起读做iz。 如： closecloses iz动词加ing的变化规则1、一般情况下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking2、以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing，如：make-making, taste-tasting3、重读闭音节结尾的，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing，如：run-running, stop-stopping注意：以y结尾的，直接加ing，不能把y去掉！4、以-ie结尾，先将-ie改成y，再加-ing。例如：tying，dying, lying口诀：现在进行ing, 以e 结尾要去e，除去几个特殊词，系住tie-tying死去die-dying要躺下lie-lying，直接ie变成y,5、重读闭音节结尾的，要双写结尾的辅音字母再加-ing。以下为常见的需要双写加ing的词。swim-swimming run-running put-putting sit-sitting begin-beginning plan-planningcut-cutting get-getting shop-shopping chat-chatting stop-stopping regret-regrettingdig-digging prefer-preferring trek-trekking但是：listen-listening 因为listen前面重读，ten部分不是重读音节，所以不能双写。而eat-eating 因为eat辅音字母t前面有两个元音字母，故不能双写！write-writing不双写，不要受written干扰！形容词副词比较级最高级变化形式归纳规则变化单音节以及少数双音节的词后面直接加-er , -est原级比较级最高级talltallertallestsmartsmartersmartestshortshortershortest特别提醒：以-y,-er, -ow, le结尾的双音节形容词末尾加er和est。如：healthy, funny, busy, hungry, easy, happy, early, pretty, lazy, heavy, dirty, clever, narrow等。以不发音的e结尾只加-r，-st原级比较级最高级nicenicernicestfinefinerfinestlargelargerlargest“以辅音字母+y”结尾的词改y为i，再加-er, -est原级比较级最高级easyeasiereasiestprettyprettierprettiesthappyhappierhappiestfunnyfunnierfunniestbusybusierbusiest以一个元音加一个辅音字母结尾的单音节词（即重读闭音节词），双写结尾的辅音字母，再加-er，-est原级比较级最高级slimslimmerslimmestthinthinnerthinnesthothotterhottestbigbiggerbiggest特别提醒：new, few, slow, clean等词含有字母组合，且发的是长元音，不用双写。大部分双音节词和多音节的词(即音标中含有三个或三个以上元音音素的词)，要在前面加more，most原级比较级最高级beautifulmore beautifulmost beautifulimportantmore importantmost importantinterestingmore interestingmost interestingexpensivemore expensivemost expensivepopularmore popularmost popular特别提醒：以形容前缀un构成的三音节形容词不适合上述情况，unhappy-unhappier-unhappiest,untidy-untidier-untidiest以形容词+ly构成的副词要在前面加more，most原级比较级最高级slowlymore slowlymost slowlyquicklymore quicklymost quicklyangrilymore angrilymost angrilysoftlymore softlymost softlynoisilymore noisilymost noisily特别提醒：early -earlier-earliest由-ing分词和-ed分词形式的形容词加more或most来表示它们的比较级和最高级。原级比较级最高级interestingmore interestingmost interestingexcitedmore excitedmost excitingtiredmore tired mosttiredboringmore boringmost boring不规则变化原级比较级最高级原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestlittlelessleastbad/badly/illworseworstfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestmany/muchmoremostoldolder/elderoldest/eldest特别提醒：further不仅可以指“距离更远”，还可指“程度更深”。如：further education(继续教育) further information (进一步的信息) further study(进修) elder仅用于同辈之间的排行，如: elder sister(姐姐) elder brother (哥哥)less作为“更少”仅用来修饰不可数名词，修饰可数名词表示“更少”要用fewer。少数单音节词前面加more, most构成比较级和最高级，这类形容词一般为表语形容词和由过去分词变成的形容词。afraid - more afraid, most afraid tired - more tired , most tiredfond - more fond , most fondglad - more glad , most gladbored - more bored , most boredpleased- more pleased , most pleased下列形容词和副词的比较级和最高级有两种形式，即：既可加-er/-est也可加more/mostcruel, strict, often, friendly, clever下列形容词和副词没有比较级和最高级（即表示“最高程度”或“绝对状态”的形容词和副词没有比较级和最高级）empty, wrong, perfect, unique, extreme, excellent, favourite, true, right, correct, extremely .-ly词尾1、有些词后面加上-ly构成形容词：如：friendly, motherly, likely2、一般地，形容词后面加上-ly变成该形容词的副词：如：beautifulbeautifully但是：1）形容词后面加上-ly变成另一个形容词，如：deaddeadly致命的， 2）有些词的后面加上-ly变成另一个副词，如：hard辛苦的hardly几乎不near附近的nearly几乎 close靠近的closely密切地3、-ble、-ple结尾的形容词，去掉词尾的字母e，直接加y构成副词，