全球化英文论文.docx

The Analysis on Cons and Pros ofEconomic GlobalizationNAME: STUDENT NO.:MAJOR: International Trade & EconomiesTUTOR: Abstract:Economic globalization is one of the major trends of world economy. It has brought much benefit to the world economy. The corporations between nations turn to intensively and frequently, and developing countries seize more opportunities following the trend. The world issues can be solved by the coordinate-based way among the countries peacefully. In terms of culture, economic globalization promotes the improvement of national culture, and people can enjoy a higher quality life easily because of the economic globalization. However, everything has its negative aspects, so does it. Many conflicts and unstable factors occurred during the globalization process, such as the gap of rich and poor between developed and developing countries is deepening, the ecologic environment get serious than before especially in developing countries. And this thesis will make an analysis on the pros and cons of economic globalization.Key words: economic globalization pros and cons A. Definition and causes of economic globalization:1. Definition: Economic globalization refers to economic activities in the world beyond national borders, through foreign trade, capital flows, technology transfer, and provision of services, interdependent and interrelated and the formation of the organic world economy as a whole.2. Reasons:a) Modern science and technology development and dissemination is the fundamental cause of economic globalization. Since the 20th century, the development of modern high-tech such as computer technology, information technology, has greatly enhanced communication within the world, and speed up the process of economic globalization. It has laid a solid material and technical basis, providing reliable information, and means of transport.b) The contradiction among the excess of commodities, capital and advanced technologies with resources, energy, market, and the lack of cheap labor in developed countries is the internal motivation of economic globalization. In fact, the multinational giant controlled the industry through the monopoly of the use of technical standards, and earned giant profits from its technologies and products outside output. Hence the emergence of multinational corporations is mainly responsible for the economic globalization and embodiment.c) In order to reduce the economic, technical and overall national strength of the gap between developing countries and developed countries, the former have had to invest to the wave of economic globalization, which is another intrinsic motivation to promote the economic globalization objectively.B. The pros and cons of globalizationEconomic globalization economic globalization is a double-edged sword, it brings good opportunities for development, but also pose serious challenges. The following shows its pros and cons:1. The pros of economic globalization:a) Conductive to the optimal allocation of resources and factors of production in the world. Economic globalization makes goods, services, capital, technology, personnel in the world can flow more freely, countries according to their unique advantages to pursue the advantage complement during the international economic exchanges, thereby contributing to global resources can be optimize the allocation and effective use.b) Accelerating transfer of techno logy and the world industrial structure adjustment. In the process of economic globalization, the interaction and mutual promotion between international direct investment and technology transfer leads to a global industrial structure adjustment and upgrading.c) Economic globalization for developing countries is an opportunity to meet the opportunities and challenges. First, is conducive to use foreign investment and investment outside in developing countries.World Investment Report 1997, pointed out that in 1996 developing countries received 129 billion U.S. dollars of foreign direct investment, outside investment of 510 billion U.S. dollars, both to create a historical record. They obtained the proportion of total world investment in 1995 rose 30% to 37% in 1996. Second, to promote structural optimization of export commodities of developing countries. As capital inflows, the direct investment activities of transnational corporations and domestic industrial restructuring have improved the structure of export commodities of developing countries. Third, to force developed countries to consider and settle the problems faced by developing countries.d) It will lead to the culture development. Economic globalization will bring varying degrees of impact to different cultures. Culture and the impact of this collision will lead to all of humanity can reach a big cultural identity, the main contents include: First, the economic culture has been recognized standards of all mankind. Such as the rules of market economy, commodity circulation rules, has been widely recognized and followed. Second, technology culture cannot deny the universality of more. Third, as the economic culture and technology culture development through information technology make communication and cooperation in literature, art, philosophy, religion, customs, much easier among nation-states, nations will absorb these nutrients form foreigner, to fill its shortcomings in some areas. Democracy and the rule of law as an institutional culture, it will become an irresistible historical trend.e) To promote international relations in coordinate-based way and can also facilitate coordination between international politics. Between the world economic globalization, the economic interests of countries become complex, interdependent strengthened. Mutually beneficial economic contacts redound to dialogue between countries, and encourages everyone to put aside their differences, enhance mutual understanding, consultations, efforts to coordinate the various conflicts, turn negative factors into positive ones, and expand cooperation. And the development of economic globalization, to a certain extent, inevitable requirement for coordination between countries in the political as a new driving force of economic globalization, which is the relationship between economic base and superstructure determined.f) The economic globalization of financial markets in developing countries can further the improvement in monetization and financial deepening, while the entry of foreign help to address the development of the employment problem of surplus labor, And capital into is propitious to economies transition in non-market economy countries.g) The economic globalization helps to reduce international conflict. In the process of economic globalization, changes in economic relations and would inevitably lead to political changes in international relations, negotiation and dialogue increasingly become the primary means of international relations. Strengthening trust and cooperation between countries, constraints, or reducing the conflict, international conflicts, has gradually become a trend.h) Economic globalization facilitates human daily life.2. The cons of economic globalizationa) Economic globalizations further increase the gap between rich and poor. The gap of rich and poor continues between developer and developing countries is widening. United Nations statistics show that per capita income between rich and poor countries the ratio is 30:1, increased to 60:1 in 1990, and it has been expanded to 74:1 at present. The highest income of one-fifth of the world population, occupy 86% of global GDP.b) The volatility of world economic development increased. In the process of globalization, the world economic interdependence is deepening hence the volatility of a countrys economy will soon affect other countries. When the economic crisis breaks out, it will be an unprecedented increase of infectious and destructive. 1994 financial crisis in Mexico, in February 1995 the collapse of Barings Bank, in 1997, the Asian financial crisis occurred in long duration, wide spread area, caused severe trauma in Southeast Asia and the world.c) The foreign investment has great impact on national capital and industries. As transnational capital stateless and no sense of national identity, it cannot completely replace the function of national capital. Therefore, foreign capital may squeeze over into the national industries of developing countries, which might impair the long-term economic development.d) The ecological environment of economic globalization and sustainable development of developing countries have become increasingly acute. labor-intensive industries are mostly of a sunset industry, when developed-country TNCs allocate production factors and resources in global range, they take the sunset industry to the development countries, and caused serious ecological damage.e) Economic globalization brings the increased instability of world development. In the process of economic globalization, the developed capitalist countries, especially the United States, by virtue of their economic power and dominance in the world, through military sanction of other ways to intervene in the affairs of other country, adding to the world of turmoil and instability.f) It deepens the contradictions of world economic development. In the process of economic globalization, the contradictions of contemporary capitalism are in complex and that cause the global economic full of imbalance and other adverse factors, the trade war and the currency war between the countries, frequent occurred, and spread to the whole world, thus exacerbating the contradictions and struggles in world economy.g) It results in the global challenge of cultural diversity. During the process of economic globalization, the world culture, the aesthetic taste of the world people are becoming more and more convergence, and similar, consequently, the diversity of cultural devel