单选解题技巧.doc

一、学会审题，注意把握问题的着重点仔细审题是解题的最基本要求，疏忽大意很容易造成误选。-What happened to the priceless works of art?- _.A. They were desdroyed in the earthquakeB. The earthquake was destroying themC. They destroyed in the earthquakeD. The earthquake destroyed them析：此题问题的着重点是“艺术品怎么啦”而不是针对“地震”而言，因此，最佳选项应为A。二、结合上下语境，推出正确答案此类题多为截取的生活场景，句式灵活，用词地道，表现出用语言来解决实际生活的问题，因此，不能死套语法框框，而应重在对语境的理解和把握，进行具体情况具体分析，选出符合逻辑行文的正确选项。例：1. -You seem to have lost your way. _?-Yes， Im looking for Wangfujing Street.A. Are you looking for something B. Where are you goingC. Need help D.What are you looking for析：根据上下语境的线索推测出问话人“询问对方是否需要帮忙”，因此答案应为C。2.We havet enough books for_ ; some of you will have to share.A. somebody B. anyone C. everybody D. nobody析：根据下文“some of you will have to share”可判断出“书籍不够每人一本”， 因此正确选项为C。三、抓住关键词，打开解题的切入点很多情况下，题干上会有一个关键词的提示，只要快速锁定该词，不但能找准答案，而且还能节省宝贵的时间，提高解题速度。1.Years ago， we didnt know this， but recent science_that people who dont sleep well soon get ill.A. showed B. has shown C. will show D.is showing析：根据关键词“recent”判断正确答案为B。2.The group， _ by Tseng Yungchuan， arrived in Beijing on Wednesday to help push for Taiwan to be opened to mainland tourists.A. leads B. leading C. led D. having led析：根据关键词“by”判断，正确答案为C。四、关注标点符号能快速锁定最佳选项英语的标点符号常常是我们借以判断最佳选项的重要信号，因此，我们在审题时要特别注意它的功能，不同的标点有不同的作用。1、- _ a second time ， will the man have one more try ?- Im sure he will.A. Turn down B. If turning downC. He was turned down D. If turned down析：根据逗号 “，”的功能判断，逗号的前部分要么是从句要么是非谓语动词(短语)或独立主格，此空应用被动结构，所以答案选D。2. _ some exercise every day Im sure youll get fit sooner or later.A. To take B. taking C. Have taken D. Take析：破折号“”相当于“and”，前后结构应保持平衡，因此答案为D。五、巧妙运用“排除法”，既方便又快捷有时四个选项中一眼扫过去，会发现有三个是不可能的，这时采用“排除法”是最明智不过的。With a lot of difficult problems _， the newly-elected president is having a hard time.A. settled B settling C. to settle D. being settled析：既然“新总统现在的日子不好过”;“许多问题需要去解决”即发生在将来应用不定式，排除其余选项，正确答案为C。六、采用“还原法”，再现庐山真面目有些句子设题上具有一定的隐蔽性和迷惑性，原因是它已改变了原先的句式或省去了一些内容，使我们从表面上不容易辨别出其句型结构，增加了理解的难度。这时巧妙使用“还原法”能大大降低句子的难度，使人豁然开朗，茅塞顿开。1、The more he thought about it， the more questions he thought of_.A. to be asked B. being asked C. asking D. to ask析：此题用介词“of”设陷阱，受定势影响会误选 -ing形式，但若能把后面部分还原为“he thought of more questions to ask”， 就能断出正确答案为D。2. -Can I help you ?-Yes， please. Do you have any books on cooking?-There are only a few， _.A. if any B. if have C. if some D. if do析：最后一句为省略句，补充完整为“， if there are any.”，得知正确答案为A。七、去掉插入语，化繁为简有时设题特意加上插入语，使句型显得繁杂，这时只要去掉插入语，题干就简单明了，一目了然了。-Is that the small town you often refer to?-Right， just the one_you know I used to work for years.A.that B. which C. where D. what析：去掉插入语“you know”就知道答案为C。八、以逻辑为主线，敲定答案留意非谓语动词与句子主语的逻辑联系能迅速圈定答案，如下题正确答案应为C。While watching television， _.A. the doorbell rang B. a black cat suddenly ran inC. we heard the doorbell ring D. an unexpected visitor came to visit me九、通过对比关系，锁定目标句中如含有thoughalthoughtbut howeverwhile等表示对比关系的词时，我们就可根据前后的关系确定正答案。1. They wanted to charge $5000 for the car， but we _to bring the price down.A. tried B. managed C. failed D. had析：根据转折关系得知“设法做成了”，故选B。2.-I think George doest really care for TV plays.-Right， _ he still watches the program.A. and B but C. or D. so析：通过前后内容对比，“不喜欢看电视剧”与“仍然”是转折关系，故用but.十、掌握固定句型，许多问题可迎刃而解鼓励学生自己归纳在学习中常见的一些固定句式，这对于提高单选题的准确率及书面表达的规范性都有好处。如，“祈使句 +andor + Sb. will ”; “It +be +some time +before ”;“It wasnt untilthat”等。The flu is believed_by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.A. causing B. being caused C. to be caused D. to have caused析：“Sth.Sb. be said believed to +V”为固定句式，再结合“by”判断这里应用被动，故选C。高考英语单选题解题诀窍近几年来，高考英语单选题设题较灵活，主要突出了能力的考查，其特点是语言真实，不会单纯考查语法知识。因此，许多学生在做此项内容时感觉容易失分，这就要求学生不但要有扎实的语法功底，积累丰富的词汇用法，而且更应具备在特定的语言环境中综合运用语言的能力。涉及到能力的考查，我们的学生或许会认为很抽象，其实掌握了一定的解题诀窍，就能化抽象为具体，化复杂为容易。一、学会审题，注意把握问题的着重点仔细审题是解题的最基本要求，疏忽大意很容易造成误选。-What happened to the priceless works of art?-_.A. They were desdroyed in the earthquakeB. The earthquake was destroying themC. They destroyed in the earthquakeD. The earthquake destroyed them析：此题问题的着重点是“艺术品怎么啦”而不是针对“地震”而言，因此，最佳选项应为A。二、结合上下语境，推出正确答案此类题多为截取的生活场景，句式灵活，用词地道，表现出用语言来解决实际生活的问题，因此，不能死套语法框框，而应重在对语境的理解和把握，进行具体情况具体分析，选出符合逻辑行文的正确选项。例：1. -You seem to have lost your way._?-Yes, Im looking for Wangfujing Street.A. Are you looking for somethingB. Where are you goingC. Need helpD.What are you looking for析：根据上下语境的线索推测出问话人“询问对方是否需要帮忙”，因此答案应为C。2We havet enough books for_ ; some of you will have to share.A. somebodyB. anyoneC. everybodyD. nobody析：根据下文“some of you will have to share”可判断出“书籍不够每人一本”, 因此正确选项为C。三、抓住关键词，打开解题的切入点很多情况下，题干上会有一个关键词的提示，只要快速锁定该词，不但能找准答案，而且还能节省宝贵的时间，提高解题速度。1Years ago, we didnt know this, but recent science_that people who dont sleep well soon get ill.A. showedB. has shownC. will showD.is showing析：根据关键词“recent”判断正确答案为B。2The group, _ by Tseng Yungchuan, arrived in Beijing on Wednesday to help push for Taiwan to be opened to mainland tourists.A.leadsB. leadingC. ledD.having led析：根据关键词“by”判断，正确答案为C。四、关注标点符号能快速锁定最佳选项英语的标点符号常常是我们借以判断最佳选项的重要信号，因此，我们在审题时要特别注意它的功能，不同的标点有不同的作用。1、- _ a second time , will the man have one more try ?- Im sure he will.A. Turn downB. If turning downC. He was turned downD. If turned down析：根据逗号 “，”的功能判断，逗号的前部分要么是从句要么是非谓语动词（短语）或独立主格，此空应用被动结构，所以答案选D。2. _ some exercise every day Im sure youll get fit sooner or later.A. To takeB. takingC. Have takenD. Take析：破折号“”相当于“and”，前后结构应保持平衡，因此答案为D。五、巧妙运用“排除法”，既方便又快捷有时四个选项中一眼扫过去，会发现有三个是不可能的，这时采用“排除法”是最明智不过的。With a lot of difficult problems _, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.A. settledB settlingC. to settleD. being settled析：既然“新总统现在的日子不好过”；“许多问题需要去解决”即发生在将来应用不定式，排除其余选项，正确答案为C。六、采用“还原法”，再现庐山真面目有些句子设题上具有一定的隐蔽性和迷惑性，原因是它已改变了原先的句式或省去了一些内容，使我们从表面上不容易辨别出其句型结构，增加了理解的难度。这时巧妙使用“还原法”能大大降低句子的难度，使人豁然开朗，茅塞顿开。1、The more he thought about it, the more questions he thought of_.A. to be askedB. being askedC. askingD. to ask析：此题用介词“of”设陷阱，受定势影响会误选 -ing形式，但若能把后面部分还原为“he thought of more questions to ask”, 就能断出正确答案为D。2. -Can I help you ?-Yes, please. Do you have any books on cooking?-There are only a few, _.A. if any B. if haveC. if some D. if do析：最后一句为省略句，补充完整为“, if there are any.”，得知正确答案为A。七、去掉插入语，化繁为简有时设题特意加上插入语，使句型显得繁杂，这时只要去掉插入语，题干就简单明了，一目了然了。-Is that the small town you often refer to?-Right, just the one_you know I used to work for years.A.thatB. whichC. whereD. what析：去掉插入语“you know”就知道答案为C。八、以逻辑为主线，敲定答案留意非谓语动词与句子主语的逻辑联系能迅速圈定答案，如下题正确答案应为C。While watching television,_.A. the doorbell rangB. a black cat suddenly ran inC. we heard the doorbell ringD. an unexpected visitor came to visit me九、通过对比关系，锁定目标句中如含有thoughalthoughtbut howeverwhile等表示对比关系的词时，我们就可根据前后的关系确定正答案。1. They wanted to charge 5000 for the car, but we _to bring the price down.A. triedB. managedC. failedD. had析：根据转折关系得知“设法做成了”，故选B。2.-I think George doest really care for TV plays.-Right, _ he still watches the program.A. andB butC. orD. so析：通过前后内容对比，“不喜欢看电视剧”与“仍然”是转折关系，故用but.十、掌握固定句型，许多问题可迎刃而解鼓励学生自己归纳在学习中常见的一些固定句式，这对于提高单选题的准确率及书面表达的规范性都有好处。如，“祈使句 +andor + Sb. will ”; “It +be +some time +before ”；“It wasnt untilthat”等。The flu is believed_by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.A. causingB. being causedC. to be causedD. to have caused析：“Sth.Sb. be said believed to +V”为固定句式，再结合“by”判断这里应用被动,故选C。单项填空题在高考试题中是一种知识考查题,由于这一部分知识覆盖面广,加之每年高考都有若干个陷阱题和难题,使得考生对有些题目望而生畏。本文分析了高考单项填空题的测试特点,具体阐述了这一题型的10种解题技巧,目的是帮助学生掌握这些解题方法,从而轻松答题。第一招:还原法高考命题常以复杂的句型来增加考题的难度,有意给学生造成理解和判断上的困难。面对这种题型,考生要能透过复杂的语言环境,结合语法结构,还原出“庐山真面目”。这样题目就会变得简单,答案就会一目了然。这种结构常为:1)将疑问句还原为陈述句;2)将强调句还原为陈述句;3)将感叹句还原为陈述句;4)将倒装句还原为正常语序;5)将被动语态还原为主动语态。1. 将疑问句还原为陈述句【典型考题】例1: Is this school_ you visited last month?A. one B. the oneC. that D. what【指点迷津】 这是一个一般疑问句,如果不用还原法考生会误把this school分析成定语从句的先行词,反而掉进C项that这个陷进。如果把句子还原成陈述句This school isyou visited last month,考生就可以看出这个定语从句缺少先行词the one和引导词that / which。the one 特指this school, that / which作宾语可以省略。因此答案是B项the one。例2: What have we said _ her so unhappy?A. makes B. to makeC. made D. had made【指点迷津】答案为B。这是一个特殊疑问句,如果把句子还原成We have said what _her so unhappy,显然to make 作结果状语。但如果把该句错还原成What we have said _her so unhappy,就成了主语从句,结果掉进陷阱,误选成C 项made。2. 将强调句还原为陈述句例1: Where did you get to know her?It was on the farm_we worked.(2007年山东卷)A. that B. thereC. which D. where【指点迷津】这是一个强调句型,强调地点状语on the farm。如果把句子还原成陈述句It was on the farm where we worked that I got to know her,考生就可以看出on the farm后where引导了一个定语从句,且省略了that I got to know her这一结构,因此答案是D项where。3. 将感叹句还原为陈述句【典型考题】different life today is_ what it was 30 years ago!A. How; from B. What a; fromC. What; from D. How; with【指点迷津】这是一个感叹句,如果把句子还原成陈述句Life today is different from what it was 30 years ago.再变为感叹句就很容易选出正确答案A项。但是如果本题不用还原法而直接选择则会很容易掉进陷阱B,错选成What a; from。4. 将倒装句还原为正常语序【典型考题】So much of interest _ that most visiters simply run out of time before seeing it all. (2008年上海卷)A. offers BeijingB. Beijing offersC. does Beijing offerD. Beijing does offer【指点迷津】本题考查倒装结构。如果将主句还原为正常语序Beijing offers so much of interesting that .后,可知题干是so . that的倒装句。考点: 在so . that结构中,当so词组位于句首时该主句要用部分倒装,因此答案是C项does Beijing offer。5. 将被动语态还原为主动语态【典型考题】Time should be made good use of _ our lessons well.A. learning B. learnedC. to learn D. learns【指点迷津】 如果将该题还原为主动句We should make good use of timeour lessons well.可以发现介词of有其相应的宾语,其后不能再用动名词learning做宾语,应选C项不定式to learn做目的状语。第二招:添加法高考命题常使用省略句使考生不易看清句子的结构。对于这类试题,可恢复被省略的成分,使句子的结构变得明朗,进而选择出合适的答案。【典型考题】例1: Hey, look where you are going!Oh, Im terribly sorry._. (1999全国卷)A. Im not noticingB. I wasnt noticingC. I havent noticedD. I dont notice【指点迷津】因为省略了时间状语,考生答这类题时好像无处下手。如果添加出隐藏的时间状语,这类句子的答案就一目了然了。Oh, Im terribly sorry. I wasnt noticing when I passed by you.这时考生就不难看出本题应为过去进行时,故答案为B项。第三招:分隔法分隔法是用各类短语、各种从句或谓语动词将两个原来在语法关系上甚为密切的句子成分隔开,这样在很大程度上增加了考生对句子的理解难度。这种方法在定语从句和同位语从句的命题中很多,考生答题时可采用画括号的方法直接确定前面的先行词或中心词。【典型考题】例1: The village has developed a lot _ we learned farming two years ago.(2007年福建卷)A. when B. whichC. that D. where【指点迷津】 本题考查定语从句。先行词the village与定语从句被has developed a lot分隔,where 在从句we learned farming后作地点状语,所以正确答案为D项。第四招:化简法高考命题为了增加句子的难度,命题人常将起干扰作用的定语从句、介词短语或插入语混在句子中,有意给学生造成理解和判断上的困难。如: I think / suppose / believe,do you think / suppose / believe, you know, of course等。考生在答题时可以采取用括号删除这些干扰项的方法,使句子变得更加简单,从而更容易地选出正确答案。【典型考题】例1: John plays football_ , if not better than, David. (1994全国卷)A. as well B. as well asC. so well D. so well as【指点迷津】句中if not better than前后都有逗号,可以当作插入语,先去掉不看,这样题干就成了John plays footballDavid.可以看出这是一个表同等比较的句子,故答案为B项as well as。第五招:突破定势法高考命题人常利用考生熟悉已久的句型结构、固定搭配或者母语为“诱饵”给考生造成假象,考生因为思维定势负迁移的影响,而忽略了题中已经变化的条件或情境,轻而易举选出“正确答案”,结果掉进了陷阱。考生在做这类试题时,要仔细分析句子结构或者句意,以免掉入命题者设计的陷阱。【相似句型】1.is known to everyboby, light travels much faster than sound.2.is known to everyboby that light travels much faster than sound.3.is known to everyboby is that light travels much faster than sound.A. It B. As C. That D. What【指点迷津】第1题选B,as引导一个非限定性定语从句,as代指后面整个句子;若将逗号改为第2题的that,就选A,it作形式主语,that引导主语从句;若在第3题的that前加is,则应选D,what引导的是主语从句,而that引导的是表语从句。【典型考题】_is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing.(2008年福建卷)A. It B. WhatC. As D. Which【指点迷津】该题考查名词性从句。考生易受思维定势的影响误选A或C,误把it当形式主语,或者将题目判断成as is known to sb.的非限制性定语从句,而没有分析清楚is之前是主语从句,what在从句中作主语,所以应选B项。第六招:语境分析法语境即一定的语言环境。近几年的高考题往往自然巧妙地设置一定的语言情境或者故意隐蔽一些有效的信息,以考查考生在特定的语言环境中准确运用语言的能力。这种解题方法适用于情景题和交际题,考生解题时必须依据题干具体情景或交际对话场合、内容来确定符合情理、场景的最佳答案。【典型考题】例1: Tom, you didnt come to the party last night?I_, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do.(2007 全国卷)A. had to B. didntC. was going to D. wouldnt【指点迷津】本题考查动词时态的区别。A 项意为“不得不”,B 项意为“不”;C 项意为“本打算做”;D 项意为“不愿意”。根据语境 but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do可知我是本来打算去的,但想起来还有作业要做,显然只有C 项符合语境要求。第七招:语法分析法对基本语法的灵活运用是高考单项填空题考查的主要内容。一些重点的语法如时态、语态、非谓语动词、情态动词、倒装句、复合句等都有严格的运用规律和使用规则。考生在答题时如果能准确地把握该题的语法考点,将会有效地提高解题的速度和得分率。【典型考题】例1: My friend showed me round the town, _ was very kind of him. (2009年全国卷)A. which B. thatC. where D. it【指点迷津】该题考查非限制性定语从句。考生答题时应该先看选项,因为ABC三项都是关系词,可以断定该题考查语法复合句。如果选择that 或it就成了并列句,必须在第二个分句前加并列连词and。关系代词which代指前面的整个句子My friend showed me round the town作从句的主语,而C项where不能作主语,所以正确答案为A项。第八招:寻找标志词法标志词就是“题眼”。抓住了题眼,就能准确判断命题者的意图,缩小思考范围,迅速发现解题突破口,从而准确作答。【典型考题】例1: I had to buy _these books because I dont know which one was the best. (2004年上海卷)A. both B. noneC. neither D. all【指点迷津】本题的标志词是从句中的the best,由最高级the best可知,该题只能选用表示三者以上的词,排除A,C。由于none表示的是否定的意思,所以正确答案只能选择D项all。例2: Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _some schools for poor children. (2001年上海卷)A. set up B. setting upC. have set up D. having set up【指点迷津】本题的标志词是devote . to .,to在该词组中是介词,构成固定搭配devote . to doing sth.,若删去定语从句h