塑料种类及用途(英文).docx

Plastic material and processesIntroduction To Plastic Material And ProcessesThermosetting Plastics And ThermoplasticsPlastic is a monomer as raw material, by polyaddition or polycondensation polymerization of macromolecules, commonly known as plastic or resin, can be freely changed body composition and style, from a synthetic resin and a filler, plasticizers, stabilizers, lubricants, color materials and other additives.Properties of the plasticMost plastic is light, chemical stability, will not rustGood impact resistanceHas good transparency and abrasion resistanceInsulation, low thermal conductivityGeneral formability, good color, low processing costsMost plastics poor heat resistance, thermal expansion, and easy burningDimensional stability is poor, easily deformedMost plastics poor low temperature resistance, low temperature brittleEasy to agingSome plastic soluble in solventskinds of plasticScientific nameAbbreviationN.O.ApplicationPolyethylene terephthalatePET01Carbonated drinks bottles, peanut butter jars.PolyethylenePESupermarket bags, plastic bottles.High-density polyethyleneHDPE02Detergent bottles, and molded plastic cases.Polyvinyl chloridePVC03Plumbing pipes and guttering, shower curtains.Polyvinylidene chloridePVDCFood packaging.Low-density polyethyleneLDPE04 Outdoor furniture, siding, clamshell packaging.PolypropylenePP05Bottle caps, drinking straws, yogurt containers.PolystyrenePS06food containers, CD and cassette boxes.High impact polystyreneHIPSfood packaging, vending cups.PolyamidesPAFibers, toothbrush bristles, tubing, fishing line.Acrylonitrile butadiene styreneABSElectronic equipment cases.PolycarbonatePC07Compact discs, eyeglasses, riot shields, lenses.PolyurethanesPUCushioning foams, thermal insulation foams.PolyesterPESFibers, textilesEthylene-Vinyl AcetateCopolymersEVARubber cementSpecial plasticScientific nameAbbreviationApplicationMelamine formaldehydeMFbreak-resistance alternatives to ceramic cups.PhenolicsPFelectrical fixtures, thermally insulation foams.PolyetheretherketonePEEKmedical implant, aerospace moldings.PolyetherimidePEIchemically stable polymer.Polylactic acidPLAcorn starch, once made from dairy products.Polymethyl methacrylatePMMAContact lenses, Perspex, Oroglas, Plexiglas.PolytetrafluoroethylenePTFEsurfaces for frying pans, plumbers.Urea-formaldehydeUFwood , electrical switch housings.Plastics type marks the resin identification codeCommon plastic summaryPolyethylene terephthalatePolyethylene terephthalate (sometimes written poly (ethylene terephthalate), commonly abbreviated PET, PETE, or the obsolete PETE or PET-P, is the most common thermoplastic polymer resin of the polyester family and is used in fibers for clothing, containers for liquids and foods, thermoforming for manufacturing, and in combination with glass fiber for engineering resins.The majority of the worlds PET production is for synthetic fibers (in excess of 60%), with bottle production accounting for about 30% of global demand.PET in its natural state is a colorless, semi-crystalline resin.The main degradations that can occur are hydrolytic, and probably most important, thermal oxidation.High-density polyethyleneHigh-density polyethylene ( HDPE ) or polyethylene high-density ( PEHD ) is a polyethylene thermoplastic made from petroleum . It is sometimes called alkathene or polythene when used for pipes. 1 With a high strength-to-density ratio, HDPE is used in the production of plastic bottles , corrosion-resistant piping, geomembranes , and plastic lumber .Polyvinyl chloridePolyvinyl chloride, more correctly but unusually poly(vinyl chloride), commonly abbreviated PVC, is the third-most widely produced synthetic plasticpolymer, after polyethylene and polypropylene.PVC comes in two basic forms: rigid (sometimes abbreviated as RPVC) and flexible.The rigid form of PVC is used in construction for pipe and in profile applications such as doors and windows.It can be made softer and more flexible by the addition of plasticizers , the most widely used being phthalates . In this form, it is also used in plumbing, electrical cable insulation, imitation leather, signage, inflatable products, and many applications where it replaces rubber.Low-density polyethyleneLow-density polyethylene ( LDPE ) is a thermoplastic made from the monomer ethylene .LDPE is widely used for manufacturing various containers, dispensing bottles, wash bottles, tubing, plastic bags for computer components, and various molded laboratory equipment. Its most common use is in plastic bags .PolypropylenePolypropylene (PP) , also known as polypropene , is a thermoplastic polymer used in a wide variety of applications including packaging and labeling , textiles (eg, ropes , thermal underwear and carpets), stationery , plastic parts and reusable containers of various types, laboratory equipment, loudspeakers, automotive components, and polymer banknotes . An addition polymer made from the monomer propylene , it is rugged and unusually resistant to many chemical solvents, bases and acids.PolystyrenePolystyrene ( PS )As a thermoplastic polymer, polystyrene is in a solid (glassy) state at room temperature but flows if heated above about 100 C, its glass transition temperature .Polystyrene is often used to make foam articles. Polystyrene copolymer can also generate a variety of different mechanical properties of rubber products and other types of polymer materials.PolycarbonatePolycarbonates ( PC ), known by the trademarked names Lexan, Makrolon and others, are a particular group of thermoplastic polymers .Applications: Electronic components, Construction materials, Data storage, Automotive, aircraft, and security components, Niche applications, Medical applications, Phones.Thermosets and thermoplasticsAccording to a variety of different physical and chemical properties of plastic, the plastic can be divided into two kinds of thermosetting plastics and thermoplastics types.Thermosets: Phenolics, epoxy plastics, amino plastics, unsaturated polyester, alkyd plastics and othe