农业词汇收集.doc

目 录农业-2农场牧场-3耕作-4农机设备-6农牧产品-72012年政府工作报告中涉及的农业问题-9农业land, soil土壤arable land, tilled land耕地dry soil旱田fertile soil沃土,肥沃的土壤humus腐殖质irrigable land水浇地lean soil, poor soil贫瘠土壤wasteland, barren land荒地grass草grassland草地meadow草甸prairie大草原pasture land牧场to lie fallow休闲fallow休闲地stubble, stubble field亩茬地straw, hay稿杆rural population农村人口rural exodus农村迁徙land reform, agrarian reform土地改革mechanization of farming农业机械化mechanized farming机械化耕作farm农场cattle farm奶牛场ranch大农场,牧场hacienda庄园holding田产plot, parcel, lot地块cooperative farm合作农场collective farm集体农场country, countryside农村countryman农民,农民countrywoman农民,农妇agronomist农学家latifundium, large landed estate大农场主farmer农户producer农业工人settle佃户landowner地主,土地拥有者absentee landlord外居地主smallholder, small farmer小农rancher牧场主tenant farmer, leaseholder土地租用人sharecropper佃农ploughman农民,犁田者farm labourers农场工人,农业工人 (美作:farm laborers)farm hand农场短工cattle farmer牧场工人cowherd, cowboy牛仔shepherd牧人fruit grower果农vinegrower葡萄栽植者vintager采葡萄者farming, husbandry农业animal husbandry, animal breeding畜牧业dairy farming乳品业,乳牛业horticulture园艺market gardening商品蔬菜种植业fruit growing果树栽培vinegrowing, viticulture葡萄栽培olive growing油橄榄栽培arboriculture树艺学silviculture造林学agricultural products, farm products农产品foodstuffs食品dairy produce, dairy products乳制品dairy industry乳品加工业crop year, farming year农事年season季节agricultural, commodities market农业市场livestock牲畜农场牧场farmhouse农舍pasture牧场overalls稻草人haystacks大干草垛silo筒仓granary谷仓outbuildings附属建筑barn, shed棚granary, grain store粮仓chicken house鸡场windmill磨坊implement shed农具房grain silo谷粮仓hayloft干草棚stable畜栏litter褥草cowshed牛棚corral围栏dairy barn挤奶厂pigpen猪圈 (美作:hog pen)sheep pen, fold羊圈rabbit hutch兔窝hen house, henroost鸡舍incubator, brooder孵卵室laying house产蛋室watering trough, drinking trough饮水器piglet猪仔boar公猪feeding trough, feed trough喂食器feeding rack, manger, crib饲槽greenhouse, glasshouse温室nursery苗圃seedbed苗床threshing floor打谷场manure heap, dung heap麦堆field田地corn field麦地furrow沟,渠ridge垅clod土块terrace梯田haystack, hayrick草垛shock禾捆堆sheaf禾捆plantation栽植cabbage patch圆白菜地tomato patch土豆地vineyard葡萄园kitchen garden菜园market garden商品菜园orchard果园耕作land tenure土地所有制tenancy, leasing, lease租佃land settlement policy殖民政策,移民政策land consolidation土地集约to cultivate, to farm耕作to till, to manage, to run经营dry farming旱作农业irrigated farming浇灌农业extensive cultivation粗放耕作intensive cultivation集约耕作crop rotation轮作mixed farming多种经营single-crop farming单一经营to clear采伐to weed除草to plough犁,耕 (美作:to plow)ploughing耕作 (美作:plowing)to fallow, to plough up, to turn休闲to loosen松土to dig挖掘to earth up覆土to harrow, to rake耙to grow栽培to plant栽植to transplant, to plant out移植seed种子to sow播种broadcasting, broadcast sowing撒播to stake支木柱stake支柱to prune修剪,整枝pruning修剪,整枝to graft嫁接to harvest收获harvest, harvesting收获reaping收割to pick采摘picking采摘to cut, to mow刈割cutting, mowing刈割to thresh脱粒threshing脱粒haymaking割晒牧草to bind(into sheaves)捆,扎to ensile, to pit青贮soil improvement, soil dressing土壤改良land reclamation开垦荒地irrigation ditch, irrigation channel灌渠manure肥料to manure施肥fertilizer化学肥料to fertilize施化肥spreading撒布to fumigate熏蒸to spray喷射insecticide杀虫剂pesticide农药weed killer, herbicide除草剂pest农业害虫parasite寄生虫locust蝗虫termite白蚁rodent啮齿类weeds杂草rust锈病smut黑穗病mildew霉病ergot麦角phylloxera葡萄根病蚜农机设备shovel铁锹spade铲hoe锄weeding hoe除草锄mechanical hoe动力锄rake搂草机fork叉子hayfork, pitchfork干草叉scythe大钐刀sickle镰刀flail连枷billhook, brushhook钩镰(field)roller滚压器plough犁 (美作:plow)ridging plough, ridger起垄犁weeding machine除草机weeder, weeding hook除草锄weeding fork除草叉disc harrow圆盘耙clod crusher碎土块机tractor拖拉机sprinkler喷水器,人工降雨器manure spreader撒肥机fertilizer distributor化肥撒肥机rotovator中耕机 (美作:cultivator)planter种植机disk harrow圆盘耙cotton picker摘棉机potato harvester马铃薯收割机seeder, broadcaster播种机seed drill, drilling machine条播机mower割草机(power)mower动力割草机harvester, reaper收割机combine (harvester)联合收割机binder捆束机bale loader装草机harvesting machinery收割机械threshing machine, thresher脱粒机winnower, winnowing machine风选机sheafer束禾机grader, sorter分类机,分级机sieve细筛winepress葡萄榨汁机milking machine挤奶机churn搅乳器农牧产品cereals, grain谷物coarse grain谷粒rye黑麦barley大麦oats燕麦millet粟,黍sorghum高粱bran麸,糠flour, meal粗磨谷粉wheat小麦maize玉米 (美作:corn)maize cob玉米棒子 (美作:corn cob)rice稻buckwheat荞麦tea茶coffee咖啡cocoa可可树coca古柯tobacco烟草hop蛇麻,啤酒花tuber crops块茎作物sugar beet糖用甜菜potato马铃薯sweet potato甘薯vegetables蔬菜carrot胡萝卜cassava, manioc木薯turnip芜菁yam山药,薯蓣pulses, leguminous plants豆类植物bean菜豆pea豌豆chick-pea鹰嘴豆lentil小扁豆soya bean大豆 (美作:soybean)forage plants饲料食物fodder grain饲用谷物clover三叶草lucern, lucerne苜蓿 (美作:alfalfa)textile plants纤维植物cotton棉,草棉flax亚麻hemp大麻American agave龙舌兰sisal剑麻,西沙尔麻kapok tree木棉树jute黄麻Manila hemp马尼拉麻raffia酒椰yucca丝兰oil plants油料植物sunflower向日葵groundnut, peanut落花生olive油橄榄olive tree油橄榄树sesame芝麻castor oil plant蓖麻rape seed油菜籽rubber tree橡胶树resin plant树脂植物mangrove红树fruits水果fruit tree果树grapevine葡萄藤grape葡萄turkey火鸡chicken鸡piglet猪仔sow母猪boar公猪sheep绵羊ram公羊ewe母羊lamb羊羔mutton羊肉colt雄马驹filly雌马驹horse马cow奶牛bull公牛calf水牛2012年 政府工作报告里涉及到的三农问题（三）促进农业稳定发展和农民持续增收在工业化和城镇化发展进程中，要更加重视农业现代化。必须坚持把解决好“三农”问题作为各项工作的重中之重，进一步加大强农惠农富农政策力度，巩固和发展农业农村好形势。稳定发展农业生产，多渠道增加农民收入。继续开展粮食稳定增产行动，稳定粮食种植面积，着力提高单产。引导农民调整结构，扩大紧缺、优质农产品生产，支持蔬菜、肉蛋奶、水产品等生产。农业补贴要继续增加总量，提高标准，扩大范围，完善机制，新增补贴重点向种养大户、农民专业合作社及各种生产服务组织倾斜。继续提高粮食最低收购价，今年小麦、稻谷最低收购价平均每50公斤分别提高7.4元和16元。健全主产区利益补偿机制，增加粮油、生猪等重要农产品生产大县奖励补助资金。实施新10年农村扶贫开发纲要，按照新的国家扶贫标准，全面做好扶贫开发工作，加大集中连片特殊困难地区扶贫开发力度，让扶贫对象更多地分享改革发展成果。加快农业科技进步。农业的根本出路在科技。要大力推动农业科技创新，加大对良种繁育、疫病防控、农产品质量安全等关键技术研发和应用的支持力度。加快推进基层农技推广服务体系改革和建设，健全乡镇或区域性农业公共服务机构。完善农业技术补贴制度，促进先进适用农业技术到田到户。建好现代农业示范区，推进高产创建和标准化创建。加快农业机械化步伐。加强农业农村基础设施建设。今年中央财政用于“三农”的投入拟安排12287亿元，比上年增加1868亿元。要搞好灌区配套改造和小型农田水利建设，大力发展节水农业，加大土地开发整理复垦力度，大规模建设旱涝保收高标准基本农田。加快中小河流治理、小型水库除险加固和山洪地质灾害综合防治。加强农村水电路气以及文化体育等基础设施建设，推进农村环境治理，加快农村危房改造，继续改善农村生产生活条件。深化农村改革。坚持农村基本经营制度不动摇。要认真搞好土地确权登记颁证。土地承包经营权、宅基地使用权、集体收益分配权是法律赋予农民的财产权利，任何人都不能侵犯。加强土地承包经营权流转管理和服务，发展适度规模经营。严格保护耕地。制定出台农村集体土地征收补偿条例。扶持发展农民专业合作社、产业化龙头企业，开展多种形式的农业社会化服务，发展农业保险，提高农业产业化、组织化程度。深化农村综合改革。推进国有农场、林场体制改革。3. Promoting steady growth of agriculture and sustained increases in rural incomesWe need to pay even greater attention to modernizing agriculture in the course of industrialization and urbanization. We must continue to make solving problems related to agriculture, rural areas, and farmers a top priority in all of our work; increase policy support to strengthen agriculture, benefit farmers, and enrich rural areas; and consolidate and build upon achievements in the development of agriculture and rural areas.We will steadily develop agricultural production and increase farmers incomes by various means. We will continue to carry out activities to steadily increase grain production, keep the area of land sown to grain crops stable, and increase per-unit yields. We will guide farmers to adjust their mix of crops or livestock, and produce more farm products that are high in quality or short in supply. We will support the production of vegetables, meat, eggs, milk, and aquatic products. We will continue to increase agricultural subsidies, raise their standard, expand their coverage, improve mechanisms for issuing them, and direct new subsidy increases mainly to large family farms, specialized farmer cooperatives, and producer-oriented service organizations.We will continue to raise the minimum purchase price for grain, and we will raise the average floor prices for wheat and rice by 7.4 yuan and 16 yuan per 50 kilograms, respectively. We will improve the mechanism for subsidizing major growing areas and increase rewards and subsidies to major counties that produce important agricultural products such as grain, oilseed, and hogs. We will implement the 2011-2020 rural poverty alleviation and development program and, in accordance with the new national standards for poverty alleviation, do a good job of all poverty alleviation and development work, and step up our work in contiguous areas with particular difficulties to ensure that people in poverty share more fruits of reform and development.We will speed up progress in agricultural science and technology. The fundamental way to develop agriculture is through science and technology. We will vigorously promote innovations in agro-science and increase support for R&D on and the application of key technologies for cultivating superior varieties and breeds, preventing and controlling animal and plant epidemics, and ensuring the quality and safety of agricultural products. We will accelerate reform and development of the service system for spreading agricultural technology in villages, and improve public service agricultural agencies in townships, towns, and regions. We will improve the system for subsidizing agricultural technologies and encourage farmers to use advanced and appropriate agricultural technologies. We will develop modern agriculture demonstration sites, encourage farmers to grow high-yield crops, promote the standardization of farming techniques, and accelerate agricultural mechanization.We will strengthen agricultural and rural infrastructure. The central government plans to allocate 1.2287 trillion yuan for agriculture, rural areas and farmers, 186.8 billion yuan more than last year. With these funds we will build and upgrade water-saving facilities in irrigated areas and build more small water conservancy projects, and vigorously develop water-efficient agriculture. We will intensify efforts to develop, improve, and reclaim rural land and develop on a large scale basic farmland that meets high drought and flood resistance standards. We will take speedy steps to harness small and medium-sized rivers, reinforce small aging reservoirs, and take comprehensive measures to prevent and mitigate geological disasters caused by mountain torrents. We will continue to improve working and living conditions in rural areas by strengthening infrastructure such as water, power, and methane supply facilities, roads, and cultural and sports venues, and by cleaning up the environment and renovating dilapidated houses more quickly.We will deepen rural reform. We will uphold the basic rural ope