book3 Unit 1.doc

Unit 1 Language Points:1. get by: be good enough but not very good; manage to live or do things in a satisfactory way e.g. My parents managed to get by on a small amount of money. She never works but somehow she gets by.2. tough: 1) difficult e.g. a decision questions 2) strong people, thing e.g. a person a very , hard-wearing cloth 3) determined e.g. Congress is taking a anti-inflation line.3. cultivate: 1) to prepare and use land for growing crops and plants e.g. Some of the land would be impossible to . 2) to develop a particular skill or quality in yourself e.g. The company have been successful in cultivating a very professional image.4. supplement: add to sth in order to improve it (followed by with) e.g. Tom often does freelance work to his income. The doctor suggested ing my diet with vitamins E and A.5. pursue: 1) be busy with; continue (steadily) with e.g. He is pursuing his studies at the university. College students are advised to a wide range of subjects. 2) follow esp. in order to catch, kill, or defeat e.g. The police are pursuing an escaped prisoner.6. get through e.g. She got through the entrance examination and was accepted by the college. The local government has taken some measures to ensure that all the people in the storm-stricken village will get through the winter. cf: get across, get ahead, get along (with), get around, get away (with), get back, get by, get down, get into, get off, get on, get out, get over, get up7. accumulate: 1) to gradually get more and more money, possessions, knowledge etc over a period of timee.g. He d a fortune through property speculation. 2) to gradually increase in numbers or amount until there is a large quantity in one place e.g. Leaves had d around the fallen trunks.8. illustrate: provide with visual features; clarify by use of examples, etc. e.g. Let me use another example to this difficult point. cf: illustrate, exemplify & demonstrate这三个词都是动词，都有“举例说明”之意。 illustrate表示不仅使用具体事例而且有时使用图画，目的是使说明生动、逼真或有效，从而真实地说明某一观点。 e.g. The way that a pump works is used to illustrate how the heart sends blood around the body. exemplify可用于举例说明某一笼统、抽象的陈述，也可用于举出某事物的典型或范例。 e.g. Knights exemplified courage and courtesy. (武士们是勇敢与礼貌的榜样。) demonstrate表示用充足且可靠的证据证实某一学术观点或结论，也可用于说明人或事。 e.g. Galileo demonstrated that objects of different weights fall at the same speed. (伽俐略证实了重量不同的物体以同样的速度下落。)9. boundary: 1) edge e.g. the between the US and Canada draw a line 2) wall/fence e.g. staying within the of the old city walls 3) limit e.g. the boundaries of human knowledge cf: field, limit, edge, bound10. generate: produce or create sth. e.g. new ideas, new jobs, electricity11. aside from (American English)= apart from (British English) e.g. The essay is good aside from a couple of spelling mistakes. They were going to have other expenses, aside from the school fees. cf: except for, besides, apart from, in addition to12. set aside: to keep sth., esp. money or time, for a special purpose and only use it for that purpose e.g. set aside an hour each day for learning new vocabulary, set aside a room for visitors cf: put aside13. cut back: cut back sth; cut back on sth e.g. The government has cut back on defense spending. cf: cut across, cut away, cut back, cut down, cut in, cut into, cut off, cut on, cut out14. combine: sth with sth e.g. None of us has much money so lets what weve got. cf: connect with, connect with15. suspect: sb./sth. of sth/doing sth; that e.g. I suspect that there was something wrong with the engine. He had ed her of lying for some time. cf: doubt sb., doubt that/whether/if, doubt about/of suspect, assume & presume这几个词都可用作动词，都有“主观想象”之意 suspect 意思是“猜想”、“觉得会”、“有点感觉到”，表示有（某事物）存在的想法。另外，该词有“怀疑”、“怀 疑某人有罪”之意。 e.g. We suspected that he was lost, even before we were told. He is suspected of murdering that old lady. assume 意思是“假定”、“设想”，指把一件尚未证实的事作为事实或真理。 e.g. He assumed that the train would be on time. presume 也有“假定”、“设想”的意思，但它指根据过去的经验或某些现实的感觉认为某事属实，虽然还没有确凿的证据。 e.g. The court presumed the death of the man who disappeared during the war. 法庭假定那个在战争中失踪的人已死亡。16. budget: 1) n. a plan of how a person or organization will spend the money that is available in a particular period of time, or the money itself e.g. We have to keep within a tight . The defence was still growing. Collocation: draw up a 制定预算 submit a 提交一项预算报告 balance a 平衡预算 exceed a 超出预算 cut/reduce a 减少预算 a household/ municipal/federal/national 家庭收支/市政/联邦/国家预算 2) v. to carefully plan and control how much you spend e.g. Weve ed for a new car next year. Shes learned how to her time carefully.17. involve: 1) cause to take part in (usu. used in the pattern: sb. in sth./doing sth.) e.g. I prefer teaching methods that actively students in learning. 2) include by necessity e.g. The second accident d two cars and a lorry. What exactly does the job ?18. scale: (usu. used in the phrase: on a certain/small/large ) e.g. There has been housing development on a massive since 2000.19. temptation: 1) a strong desire to have or do sth even though you know should not e.g. He had a to cheat in the exam. 2) sth. that makes you want to have or do sth, even though you know you should not e.g. Having candy in the house is a great . Collocation: overcome 克服诱惑 resist 抵制诱惑 be exposed to 受到诱惑 face 面临诱惑 place/put in sb.s way 让某人受诱惑20. device: e.g. She invented a that automatically closes windows when it rains. cf: device, instrument & implement这几个词都可用作名词，都有“用具”、“器具”之意。 device表示“（为某种用途而制作或改装的）装置、器具”。 e.g. I have fitted a device to my car which opens the garage doors automatically. instrument表示“器械”、“仪器”、“（发动机或航海、航空等的）测量仪器 ”、“仪表”，表示为技术工作设计的工具，着重于工具的精密与复杂。 e.g. All surgical instruments must be sterilized before use. implement指“工具”、“器具”，常指用于户外如园艺或农用的工具。 e.g. Mans earliest implements were carved from stone and bone 人类最早的工具是用石头和骨头凿刻而成。21. profit: n.1) money gained by business e.g. He sold his house at a profit.他以获利价出售了他的房子。 2) advantage gained from some action e.g. I have read this book with profit.Collocation: clear/earn/make/turn a profit获得利润 divide profits分红利 a clear/net profit净利 a gross profit毛利 small profits and quick returns薄利多销 poor profits薄利 at a profit获利地、有利可图地 cf: advantage常指有利条件或优势地位。 e.g. Dont you think it a double advantage for us? 难道你不认为这对我们来说是一件一举两得的事吗？ He was adept at maintaining a psychological advantage. 他擅于保持一种心理上的优势。Text B1. a delicious pot roast 美味的炖肉2. leisurely meals/walk 从容的就餐/散步3. prepare pancakes and sausages 准备薄饼和香肠4. in the majority 同道者甚众5. situation com