2016语法讲义部分句子参考译文节选.doc

凯程考研集训营，为学生引路，为学员服务！2016语法讲义部分句子参考译文节选第一节1. Building a big, powerful dam has become a symbol of achievement for nations and people striving to assert themselves. (1998-TEXT1)修建高大雄伟的大坝已成为那些力争得到自我肯定的国家和人民的伟大成就的象征。2. My job as a police officer is to impose accountability on people who refuse, or have never learned, to impose it on themselves. 作为一名警察，我的工作就是把责任感强行加到那些拒绝承担、或自己没有学会承担责任的人身上。3. Yet, the old tradition of hospitality to strangers is still very strong in the US, especially in the smaller cities and towns away from the busy tourist trails.不过，热情接待陌生人的传统在美国仍然很盛行，尤其是在远离旅游热线的小城镇。4. If you have ridden in the rear of a jet transport, you may have noticed that it was difficult to carry on a conversatio如果你坐在一架喷气式飞机的后部，你可能会注意到在那里进行交流是非常困难的。5. In science the meaning of the word “explain” suffers with civilizations every step in search of reality. Science cannot really explain electricity, magnetism, and gravitation; their effects can be measured and predicted, but of their nature no more is known to the modern scientist than to Thales.随着寻求真相的文明的每一步发展，“解释”一词的在科学领域的含义却在日益退步。科学无法真正解释电、磁及重力;我们可以测量并推断其效应，但6. These leaders are living proof that prevention works and that we can manage the health problems that come naturally with age. 这些领导人就是活生生的证据，证明对疾病的防治是有意义的，证明我们能够对付年龄带来的健康问题。7. When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something strange happened to the large animals: They suddenly became extinct. Smaller species survived.当史前人类来到地球新的角落时，大型动物发生了一些奇怪的事：它们突然灭亡了。小一点的物种得以存活。8. Energy conservation, a shift to other fuels and a decline in the importance of heavy, energy-intensive industries have reduced oil consumption.能源保护，转向使用其他燃料以及能源密集型重工业重要性的降低，都减少了石油消耗。9. Hence the analogy(类比，类推) that likens the conduct of monetary policy to driving a car with a blackened windscreen, a cracked rear-view mirror and a faulty steering wheel.因此，才会有人将货币政策的制定比作是驾驶一辆汽车，这辆车挡风玻璃被涂黑了、后视镜裂了，方向盘也失灵了。10. Laughter does produce short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, boosting heart rate and oxygen consumption.“笑”确实能给心血管带来短期的变化，提高心率以及对氧气的吸收。11. Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure.Rosenberg认为，公共健康倡导者应该效仿广告商，广告商懂得如何应用同辈压力。这种说法很令人信服。12. In December 2010 Americas Federal Trade Commission (FTC) proposed adding a “do not track” (DNT) option to internet browsers, so that users could tell advertisers that they did not want to be followed.2010年12月，美国联邦贸易委员会(FTC)提议为互联网浏览器增加一个“不得追踪”的选项，这样用户就可以告诉广告商他们不想被追踪。13. Such advances offer the aging population a quality of life that was unimaginable when I entered medicine 50 years ago. 这些进步给老年人口带来的高质量生活在50年前我刚刚进入医疗行业时是不可想象的。14. This cold air is so forceful that it makes the nearby seas the stormiest in the world and renders unlivable those regions whose counterparts at the opposite end of the globe are inhabited.(86)冷空气如此强大以至于邻近的海域成为世界上风暴最大的区域，也使那些区域无法居住，而在地球另一端的相对应区域却是可居住的。15. The NT Rights of the Terminally Ill law has left physicians and citizens alike trying to deal with its moral and practical implications.(97T1)澳北州晚期病人权利法使得无论是内科医生还是普通市民都力图从道义和实际意义两方面来考虑这一问题。16. When stressed-out female rats had their ovaries (the female reproductive organs) removed, their chemical responses became equal to those of the males.当受到压力时的雌性老鼠的卵巢(女性)生殖器官被切除时，它们的化学反应和雄性的是一样的。17. However, many leading American universities want their undergraduates to have a grounding in the basic canon of ideas that every educated person should possess.然而,许多美国一流大学希望他们的本科生拥有一些基本的公认的思想准则，这些基本准则同时也是每个受过教育的人都应该具备的。18. The goal of all books will be to try to explain to a confused and often unenlightened citizenry that there are not two equally valid scientific theories for the origin and evolution of universe and life.所有这些书的目的是试图告诉那些迷惑不解且常常头脑不开化的普通百姓：就宇宙和生命的起源与进化问题而言，不可能存在两种同样成立的科学理论。19. Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment.最后，因为最终受益者是病人，医疗机构不仅应该积极争取Stephen Cooper这样的名人的支持他对动物实验的价值勇敢地进行了陈述而且应该争取所有接受治疗的病人的支持。20. These groups mainly rely for instilling needed dispositions into the young upon the same sort of association which keeps the adults loyal to their group.参考译文: 为了给年轻人灌输他们所需要的价值观念,这些群体主要依赖一些相同形式的组织,这些组织可以使成年人忠诚于自己的群体.21. The Aswan Dam, for example, stopped the Nile flooding but deprived Egypt of the fertile silt that floods left. 译文: 例如，阿斯旺大坝使得尼罗河不再洪水泛滥，但是它也夺去了埃及以前所享有的洪水参考留下的肥沃淤泥。22. Yet Waizers argument does point to one of the most serious weaknesses of capitalismthat it brings to predominant positions in a society people who often lack those other qualities that evoke affection or admiration。参考译文: 然则，沃尔泽的论点确实揭示了资本主义体制中最严重的一个弱点，即它将某一类人置于社会中的显赫地位置，而这类人却常常缺乏其它那些能唤起他人受戴和钦佩的品质。23. Practicality, common sense, and native intelligence have been considered more noble qualities than anything you could learn from a book. 实用性、基本常识、天分一直都被认为是比从书本中学来的任何东西都高尚的资质。24. That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original levels. 这一点很重要,因为理论表明,当一种目标鱼种的生物量大致降到最初水平的50%时，渔场才能获得最大的持续捕鱼量。25. He explores such problems consciously, articulately, and frankly, first by asking factual questions, then by asking moral questions, finally by suggesting action which seems appropriate in the light of the factual and moral information which he has obtained.他首先提出现实问题，然后提出道德问题，最后根据他获得的是适合道德信息提出一些看似恰当的行为建议。通过这些方式，他有意识地、清楚直率地探索了这些问题。26. Some schools, like the University of Wisconsin, have declined to assist the RIAA, explaining that to identify the IP users and forward the letters to them would put the university in an uncomfortable and inappropriate alliance with the RIAA.一些学校，如威斯康星大学就拒绝协助美国唱片产业协会，该校解释说“找到这些IP用户并把信件转交给他们，这会使学校与美国唱片产业协会结成不合适的联盟。27. Whether the study of the lunar rocks will answer the long debated question of the origin of the moon remains to be seen. 对月石的研究是否能够回答关于月亮起源的长期以来颇有争议的问题尚不明确。28. It is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide. 国家和世界应该根据科学所能提供的最好的判断来制定政策，这一点至关重要。29. Computer technology makes it possible to store vast amounts of data in machine-readable files, and to program computers to locate specific information。计算机科学使得在可机读的文件中存储大量的数据成为可能，也使得在给电脑编程来定位具体的信息成为可能。30. The period made it clear to him that values must be expressed through everyday action and choice.这一时期使他清楚意识到价值必须通过日常的行为和选择表达出来。31. As a consequence, it may prove difficult or impossible to establish for a successful revolution a comprehensive and trustworthy picture of those who participated, or to answer even the most basic questions one might pose concerning the social origins of the insurgents.因此，有两件事就变得很困难或者根本不可能，1、为一次成功的革命建立起一个详尽的并可信的关于参加者的描述;2、回答人们会问的、关于起义者的社会背景的甚至是最为基本的问题。第二节1.In America the selection of jurors acceptable to both the prosecution and the defence sometimes takes longer than the trial itself.在美国，选择对于起诉人和辩护人来说都能接受的陪审团有时候比案件审理本身耗时更长。2. This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.对于那些尚未意识到这个不利条件的人来说，这是对那些姓名以字母表中靠下部分的字母开头的让人的一种歧视。3. For example, he theorised that a judge fearful of appearing too soft on crime might be more likely to send someone to prion if he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day.例如，他提出一种理论：一位害怕表现得对犯罪太心慈手软的法官，如果那天已经判了五六个被人人去做强制性社区服务，那么他很可能会判接下来的那个人去坐牢。4. Insensitivity of the mother to these signals dulls the interaction because the child gets discouraged and sends out only the obvious signals.母亲们对这些信号的不敏感可能会使互动变得沉闷。因为孩子得不到鼓励，往往只发出一些明显的信号。5. With regard to this last question, we might note in passing that Thompson, while rightly restoring laboring people to the stage of eighteen-century English history, has probably exaggerated the opposition of these people to the capitalist consumerism.关于最后一个问题，我们可能顺便注意到,尽管汤普森正确的使劳动人民重新登上18世纪英国历史舞台，但是他很可能夸大了人们对于资本主义消费观的敌视。6. The letters offer students the option of paying a settlement fee based on the number of tunes the student allegedly downloaded illegally or taking the risk of a potentially more expensive lawsuit.信中给了学生两个选择，学生可以根据涉嫌非法下载歌曲的数量来支付一笔罚金，否则就可能面临更昂贵的诉讼。模块二1. At first glance this might seem like a strength that grants the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by external factors.乍一看，这似乎是一个优势，它赋予了人们能够做出不受外界影响的不带偏见的判断的能力。2. It is not possible to determine whether both continents are moving in opposite directions or whether one continent is stationary and the other is drifting away from it. 人们不能确定两个大陆是在朝相反的方向运动，还是一个大陆停止不动而另一个从它身边漂移开去。3. Legislation would make it a crime for private funding to be used for human cloning. 立法把私人资金用于克隆人的行为视为犯罪。4. NBAC plans to call for a continued ban on federal government funding for any attempt to clone body cell nuclei to create a child. (1999 Text 4)NBAC计划呼吁继续禁止使用联邦政府基金利用人体细胞核去克隆婴儿的任何企图。5. This might sound small, but to undo the effects of such a decrease a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been necessary.这似乎听起来很小，但要消除这一微小的(分数)降低的影响，申请人的GMAT 需要多比原本需要的多考出30分。6. In order for the benefits of individual ownership to be achieved by owners, companies, and counties, employees and other individuals must make their own decisions to buy, and they must commit some of their resources to the choice.为了能让所有者、公司和国家实现其所有权的收益，雇员和其他个人必须自己决定是否购买，而且必须为这个选择贡献出一些个人的资源。7. Indeed the mere size of operations and the number of workmen involved rendered such personal relations impossible.的确，仅从公司的经营规模和所用的工人数量来看，建立这种个人关系是不可能的了。8. This “added-worker effect” could support the safety net offered by unemployment insurance or disability insurance to help families weather bad times.这种“附加工人效应”可以支持帮助家庭渡过困难时期的失业保险或残疾保险所提供的保障制度/ 这种“附加工人效应”可以支持失业保险或残疾保险所提供的保障制度，以帮助家庭渡过困难时期。9. Students already getting help can usually transfer their aid to tuition and fees abroad, but basics like housing and food are often at the mercy of the fluctuating dollar.已经获得援助的学生可以将所获得的资助转换为国外学习的学杂费，但是其它的必需花费，如租房、伙食费就会受到美元波动的影响。10. Learning could not occur without the function popularly named memory.如果没有大家称之为记忆的功能，学习便不能发生。11. First established by the British as a convict settlement in 1788, this is a modern cosmopolitan city that has developed into one of the nations major industrial, business, and manufacturing centers.这个城市是英国人于1788年作为犯罪分子的流放地建造的。 如今它已发展成为一个现代化的大都市，是改过工业、商业和制造业的中心之一。12. For much of the past year, President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a saving-account model,(with)retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns.去年的大部分时间里，布什总统一直致力于将社会保险体制转变成个人储蓄存款账户模式，要求退休人员将其大多数或全部有保障的收入转换为依靠回报率的投资。13. There is a kind of false precision being hawked by people claiming they are doing ancestry testing.那些声称可以进行血统检测的人，他们兜售的测试有一定的不准确性模块三1. During the past generation, the American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure had been transformed by economic risk and new realities.在过去的十几年里，美国那些曾经可以依靠辛勤劳动和公平条件以维持其收入稳定的中产阶层家庭被经济风险和新现实改变了。2. Gross and Levitt find fault primarily with sociologists, philosophers and other academics who have questioned sciences objectivity.格罗斯和莱维特主要挑那些质疑科学客观性的社会学家、哲学家和其他学者的毛病。3. And the cost of computing power continues to fall, which is a good sign for any enterprise setting up shop in silicon.计算能力的成本持续下降，这对任何建立了网上销售的企业来说都是个好的征兆。4. This accounts for our reaction to seemingly simple innovations like plastic garbage bags and suitcases on wheels that make life more convenient. 这解释了我们看到像塑料垃圾袋和带轮箱包之类令生活更便利但看似简单的发明时的反应。5. What he saw both surprised and frightened him, for he saw dark spots on the sun which at once suggested to him that God had not made the world quite as perfect as he had previously believed. 他所看到的景象使他感到既吃惊又害怕,因为他在太阳上看到了一些黑点，这使他立刻联想到上帝创造的世界并不像他以前所相信的那么完美。6. As a linguist, he acknowledges that all varieties of human language, including non-standard ones like Black English, can be powerfully expressive there exists no language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas. 作为一名语言学家，他承认所有人类语言，包括不标准的如黑人英语，都非常具有表现力世界上所有语言或方言都可以表达复杂的思想。7. In an office, figures, lists and information are compiled which tell the managers or heads of the business what is happening in their shops or factories. 在办公室里，人们把各种数据，表格和信息进行汇编，这些材料可以使企业的经理或主管人员了解他的商店或工厂里所发生的事情8. It can be inferred from the passage that a historian who wished to compare crime rates per thousand in a European city in one decade of the fifteenth century with crime rates in another decade of that century would probably be most aided by the information.从文章中可以推断出来，如果一个历史学家希望比较十五世纪以前一个十年的某个欧洲城市中的每千人的犯罪率与另外一个十年中的犯罪率，那么这些信息很可能能够帮到他。9. On the financial front, Levin is under pressure to raise the stock price and reduce the companys mountainous debt, which will increase to $17.3 billion after two new cable deals close.(97T4) 财政方面，列文承受着使股价升值，减少公司巨额债务的压力。在两笔新的有线电视交易谈妥后，公司债务将达到173亿美元。10. Those who have accurate, reliable up-to-date information to solve the day-to-day problems, the critical problems of their business, social and family life, will survive and succeed.那些能够利用准确、可靠和最新的信息来解决日常问题和工作的重要问题、以及社会与家庭问题的人们才能够生存下去并且获得成功。11. The language of the Amendment strongly suggests that its framers were proposing to write into the Constitution not a list of specific civil rights but a principle of equal citizenship that forbids organized society from treating any individual as a member of an inferior class.修正案的语言强烈地暗示，其制定者所意欲载入宪法的不是一张具体民法的细目清单，而是一种平等公民权的原则，这一原则禁止有组织的社会将任何一个个人作为劣等阶层的成员来对待。12. And the limited investments that are made in training workers are also much more narrowly focused on the specific skills necessary to do the next job rather than on the basic background skills that make it possible to absorb new technologies. 培训工人的有限投资更多地被狭隘的集中使用于完成下一个工作所必需的特殊技能的培训上，而不是用在能让他们吸收新技术的基本技能的培训上。13. Fresh outbreaks of coral bleaching, which occurs when rising temperature cause polyps to discard the tiny algae that give reefs their colours and which is linked by some scientists to the greenhouse effect, are being recorded.新爆发的珊瑚白化现象正在被记录下来。当不断上升的温度导致水蛭释放出让珊瑚着色的海藻时，珊瑚白化现象就会出现。一些科学家把珊瑚白化现象同温室效应联系起来。14. In 1963 Rose, a young American poet whom he had first met at Cambridge University in 1956,and who became his wife in the summer of the year, committed suicide.Rose 是一位年轻的美国诗人。1956年他在剑桥大学第一次见到Rose, 并在当年的夏天娶了她。1963年，Rose 自杀身亡。15. At three he knows about 1,000 words that he can put into sentences, and at four his language differs from that of his parents in style rather than grammar. 3岁的时候，孩子就能够掌握约1000个词并且用这些词语组成句子，4岁的时候孩子的语言和父母在语法上基本没有差别，只是语言风格还不一样。16. Gutman argues convincingly that the stability of the black family encouraged the transmission of the black heritage of folklore, music, and religious expression from one generation to another, a heritage that slaves were continually fashioning out of their African and American experiences. 特曼人令人信服地论辨道，黑人家庭的稳定有助于包括民间传说、音乐、及宗教表达在内的黑人文化遗产一代一代传递下去，而对于这种文化遗产，黑奴们不断地从其非洲和美洲的经历中予以丰富发展。17. Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care.科学家需要对动物权利倡导者做出有力的回应，因为他们的言论混淆了公众的视听,从而威胁到卫生知识和卫生服务的进步。18. This entails reducing our dependence on the North American market, whose programs relate to experiences and cultural traditions which are different from our own.这就意味着要减少对北美市场的依赖，该市场的节目里包含了不同于我们的经历和文化传统。19. As a result, the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos whose presence we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much human labor.因此，现代世界已经日益充斥着智能的装置，虽然我们几乎都注意不到他们，但他们的普遍存在却节省了许多人类劳力。20. I know the young couple from whose house the music is coming. 我认识那对夫妻，音乐从他们的房间传出来的。21. The researchers made great progress in the early 1970s, when they discovered cancer-causing genes , are inactive in normal cells. 在1970年代早期研究者们取得了很大的进步,当时他们发现致癌基因在正常细胞里是不活跃的。22. It is difficult for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers. 对于年龄在四十岁以下的普通读者来说，很难甚至不可能想象到，当时能够在大部分城市报纸上找到质量很高的文艺评论文章。23. On the occasions when they have pushed to shore an unconscious human being they have likely done it out of curiosity or for sport. 当他们把不醒人事的落水者推到海岸上时他们可能更多的处于好奇心或者是为了运动。24. In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. 在梦中，一扇窗子打开了一个世界。在这个世界里，逻辑失去效用，死人开始说话。25. The agency forwarded an endangerment finding to the White House, where senior officials promptly suppressed it, refusing even to open the e-mail to which it was attached. 这个机构向白宫递交了风险报告。而白宫的高官们立刻隐匿了这份报告，甚至拒绝打开附有这份报告的电子邮件。26. Experts suggest that speech stages are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age, but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ. 专家指出人按照固定的顺序并在一定的年龄进入说话阶段，但也有开始说话晚，最后成为高智商者的例子。27. This depends on interaction between the mother and the child, where the mother recognizes the signals in the childs babbling (咿呀学语), grasping and smiling, and responds to them. (1993-TEXT1)这依赖于儿童与母亲的交流，在此过程中，母亲识别儿童咿呀学语，抓东西和微笑等的信号并对这些信号做出反应。28. Civil rights activists have long argued that one of the principal reasons why Blacks, Hispanics, and other minority groups have difficulty establishing themselves in business is that they lack access to the sizable orders that are generated by large companies.民权活动家一直认为为什么黑人、西班牙裔和