上外四册词汇句型汇总.doc

BOOK ONEUnit 1 1. average (adj.)= ordinary 普通的；中等的on the average 一般说来；平均 above/ below the average 在一般水平之上/之下 eg: On the average, we work five days a week.2. intelligence (n.): ability to learn and understand 智力 intelligent (adj.) intelligently (adv.)an intelligence test智力测试 Secret Intelligence Service 秘密情报部门 IQ = intelligence quotient 智商 EQ = emotion quotient 情商3. necessarily(adv.) = inevitably 必定 necessary (adj.) unnecessary (adj.) necessity(n.)必要性 necessities(n.)必需品4. case: actual condition 实情 a medical case 病例 a law case 案例 an urgent case 急症in case of倘若遇到，万一；in any case无论如何，不管怎样；in the case of就而言； in case假使，以防万一； in no case 绝不(句首倒装)eg. You may ask your teacher in case of difficulty. In any case you will go to Nanjing tomorrow. In the case of foreign language, professor Liu has learned English, French. In case I forget, please remind me about it.5. additional(adj.): extra; added 额外的，附加的 add(v.) addition (n.) in addition to 除以外 +n./v-ing in addition 此外 eg: An additional charge is made for heavy bags.Mum gave me some bread for my picnic in addition.In addition to apples, he also like to eat bananas.6 schedule(n.) = timetable 程序表，时间表，节目表 (v.) 做的目录，安排 a TV schedule 电视节目表 a train schedule 火车时刻表 ahead of / behind / on schedule 提前/延迟/按时have a full schedule: have many things to do 有很多事情要做，日程安排满了be scheduled to do sth. 按时间日程计划做eg: We finished the task ahead of / behind / on schedule. I have a full schedule recently. The president is scheduled to make a speech this evening.7. commit: (v.) perform a crime, foolish act使承担义务，犯错 eg: commit a crime/an error/murder/suicide 犯罪/犯错/谋杀/自杀 commit oneself to sth./ doing sth.献身于 eg: He has committed himself to supporting his children. Signing this form commits you to buying the goods.8. aside: (adv.) sideways 在旁边，到（向）另外一边aside from = apart from 除；除以外 set aside留出9. normal: (adj.) (antonym)abnormal normally(adv.)10. assignment: (n) assign +(suffix)ment 其他如：amusement / excitement / encouragement / government11. occupy (v.): take up占用；忙碌，使从事 occupation(n.) 占领；职业 occupancy(n.) 占用期间 occupier占用（领）者 occupational(adj.) 职业的；军事占领的 occupational disease 职业病 be occupied in doing sth.= occupy oneself in doing sth.忙于 be occupied with sth.从事 eg: He was occupied in writing a book. = He occupies himself in writing a book. Mary is occupied with a translation of a French novel.12. relaxation: (n.)放松，娱乐(U) 娱乐活动(C) relax (v.) eg: I play golf for relaxation. Walking and reading are his favorite relaxations. A good message always relaxes me.13. entertainment: (n.) 娱乐，娱乐活动（U/C）；招待(U)entertain (v.) entertainer (n.) entertaining (adj.)14. solve: (v.) : find an answer to 解决，解答solution (n.)类似answer, key, 后to solve the problem / difficulty answer a questionsettle a matter / dispute(争端)/argument(争论)15. aware: (adj.) having knowledge or understanding 意识到的 awareness (n.)be aware of sth/that-clause意识到 有时可用become / get / grow替换be,强调逐渐的过程。以a-开头的形容词还有：asleep / alike / ashamed / afraid /ahead 等。注意这类形容词在句子中多充当表语成分，一般不用very修饰，作定语时一般放在所修饰的名词后面。aware可用fully/well/completely等来修饰。eg: He was not aware of my arrival / time. She became aware of having done wrong. Everyone was aware that the condition is dangerous. The building ahead is the post office. People are fully aware the seriousness of the environmental pollution now.16. furthermore(adv.): moreover, in addition, further此外，而且可用于句子附加或补充说明，可置于句首、句中或句尾，需逗号与句子隔开。eg: The house isnt large enough for us, and furthermore, its too far from the city.17. activity:(n.) act (v.) active (adj.) action (n.) activist (n.) actor actress(n.)18. adequate (adj.): as much as one needs; enough 充分的，足够的(antonym) adequateinadequate be adequate to 胜任eg. I hope he can be adequate to the new job.19. distraction(n.): sth. that draws away the mind/attention 分心/分散注意力的事物prefix dis- +tract(吸引) +suffix tion 其他如：disagree/dissatisfied/discomfortdistract(v.) distracting(adj.) distracted (adj.)drive sb to distraction 使某人发狂 distract sb. from sth.使分心20. concentrate (v.): pay close attention to 全神贯注于 concentrate on / upon sth.集中于concentration (n.) concentrated (adj.) 集中的；浓缩的eg: concentrated fire 集中火力 concentrated food 浓缩食品 A driver should concentrate on / upon the road when driving. We concentrated on / upon the task before us.21. skim(v.): read quickly to get the main ideas of sth. 略读 skim, scan和skip之辨析 skim“略读”，常与over / through搭配，强调快速读一遍，从而获得主旨大意。 scan“浏览”，主要指尽可能快地找出具体信息。 skip“跳读”，指忽略不需要的部分或章节而看。 eg: skim through a newspaper She scanned the book for his name, but couldnt find it. He skipped some uninteresting chapters of the book. 22. preview(v.): have a general view for sth. beforehand预习The prefix “pre-” means “before” or “in advance”. 其他如：previous先前的 prewar 战前的 prehistroric史前的23. content(n.): what is written in a book, etc. 内容content (adj.): satisfied with what one has 满足24. later(adv.): 后来，以后 the latter后者 the former前者25. comprehension(n.): the minds act or power of understanding 理解力 comprehend(v.)理解，领会comprehensible(adj.) 能理解的comprehensive (adj.) 综合的，广泛的comprehensively(adv.)26 mention(v.): speak or write about sth. in a few words 提及 not to mention+ n. v.-ing(n.) at the mention of sth 在提到时候eg: Dont mention it. 不用谢 He brightened up at the mention of tea. 27. confused(adj.): mixed up in ones mind迷惑的，混淆的confusion (n.)confusing (adj.)confuse(v.): confuse sth. with sth.弄错，混淆eg: He always confuse Chinese with Japanese. I often confuse you with you sister you look so like.28. performance (n.): achievement成绩 perform (v.)performer(n.)执行者，表演者 n-suffix-ance ence importance/preference喜爱/circumstance条件，情况29. meaningful (adj.)=significant mean (v.) 意味meaning(n.)意义，含义30. attitude(n.): what one thinks about sth.态度，看法 attitude to toward(s) sth.对的态度attitude of的样子/姿态eg: attitude toward life 对生活的态度 attitude of entreaty 恳求的样子31. purpose(n.): aim目的，意图 purposeful(adj.) 有意的purposeless purposely(adv.) 故意地on purpose=deliberately故意地;专门地for (the) purpose of =for the sake of 为了eg: I have come on purpose to speak to you. He left the key in the room on purpose. Did you come to London for the purpose of seeing your family? 32. excessively (adv.): too much; greatly; extremely过分地，极端地excessive (adj.)过分的excess(n.) 过分，过量33. permanent(adj.): lasting for a long time; never changing 持久的，永久的permanence (n.) antonym temporary(adj.)短暂的Phrase34. fill in = write in 填写 eg: Please fill your name on the form.35. decide on + sth./ on doing sth./ clause 决定，选定 eg: Have you decided on spending your summer holiday at home?36. set aside: save money /timefor special purpose 留出，拨出 eg: She has set aside the whole weekend for reading.37. as well: too, also 也，又 eg: They all do military training as well. I ordered one apple pie, one hot dog, and one ice-cream as well.as well和 as well as 之辨析as well位于句末，as well as(同样，也)位于句中。 eg: Its important to you as well as to me.38. choose as/for: choose sb./sth. to be挑选作为 eg: We chose him as our monitor. Many students choose the classroom as their study area.39. look over: survey; examine查看，浏览 eg. Please look over your paper carefully.40. make (good/full) use of: take advantage of 利用 eg. We should make use of our natural resources.41. go over: review; examine复习，检查 eg. He went over his notes again before the exam.42. lead to: result in 导致 eg. The heavy rain led to serious floods in the south.43. share with: have sth. with others or deal with共有，分享，分担 eg. I share the bedroom with my sister. Tom will share the rent with his roommate. Unit 2 1. single-handed (adj./ adv.):done by one person without help from others=by oneself 单独的/地eg. He cannot accomplish the task single-handed. This man has changed the whole situation almost single-handed.The job cannot be done single-handed. She accomplished the task by her single-handed efforts. 构词法：adj.+n.+ ed =adj./adv. 其他如：good-mannered 有礼貌的 good-natured 脾气好的 warm-hearted 热心的absent-minded 心不在焉的 blue-eyed 蓝眼睛的 long-tailed 长尾巴的cold-blooded无情的，冷血的 long-haired 长头发的 short-sighted 近视的2. adventure: strange or unusual happening, esp. an exciting or dangerous journey or activity 冒险, 冒险活动 eg. Tom Sawyer set out in search of adventure. Have you read The Adventure of Tom Sawyer? Every journey outside the house is an adventure to the baby. 辨析:adventure 冒险,探险, 多指经历一种令人兴奋的、危险的艰难; venture 有风险的事业及商业投机, 多指经济风险, eg: a business venture 3. solo=single-handed(adj.) 单独的; 独唱(曲) ,独奏(曲)(n.) 作为“单独的” 使用不太普遍, 多用于表示“独奏”的含义 eg. a solo play a violin solo 小提琴独奏曲4. transatlantic: crossing the Atlantic 横渡大西洋的 eg. a transatlantic line 横渡大西洋的航线transprefix 作为前缀，表示“横过，在另一方”eg: transnational 跨国的 transoceanic 横渡大西洋的 transfer 调职 translate 翻译 transform 变形 transplant 移植 5. determined (adj.): with ones mind firmly made up 已决定的, 坚决的构词：n./v.+(suffix)-ed=adj., 表示“有”, “具有特征”eg. confessed 公开的, 坦白的 developed 先进的 considered 深思熟虑的experienced 有经验的 wanted 通缉的 skilled 熟练的determine to do sth be determined to do sth派生词：determine (v.) determination (n.) determinative(adj.起决定作用的)determinism(n.决定论)deterministic(adj. 宿命论/决定论的)搭配：be determined to do sth 决心做 be determined that （从句子） determine on /upon sth.坚持做，决定做determine sb. to do 使决定做(某事)eg. He is determined that this child will not lead a poor life.The government is determined to further the reform.This stubborn fellow is determined to have his own way.She is a determined woman and has brought up her children single-handed. They determined on an early start.A serious illness determined him to give up smoking. 6. voyage (n.) =sea journey 航海，航行（多指海上）(v.) go on a sea journeyeg: They made a voyage from England to India. The seaman has almost voyaged around the world. 辨析：journey: usu. refers to a long-distant place on the land.多指长途的陆路旅行travel: a general word which means going to a distant place, by air, sea, etc. 旅行，是通用词，多指长途的，长时间的旅行，旅行手段不限travel agency 旅行社 trip: usu. refers to a short-distance travel指较近距离的旅行 a honeymoon trip a weekend trip to the seaside a business trip 7. route: way from one place to another 路程，路线 （多指设计规定好的从一地到另一处的路线，也指经常走的路线）eg. a sea route an air route the route of a journeycourse 行动方向，道路 eg. the course of the river way 用法较广，通指任何道路和通道 eg. Ive lost my way. 8. crew (n.) 全体船员；全体乘务员 eg. The crew on the ship was large. All the crew were saved. 集合名词，不能用“a”来修饰，也不能加复数-s。作主语时，如看成整体，谓语动词用单数；如看作个体，谓语动词用复数。其他：audience 观众，听众；committee 委员，委员会； family家庭成员；company 公司；group 小组；government 政府；police 警察；staff 职员；team 队 9. device (n.): sth made for a special purpose 装置，设备（=instrument） eg. a safety device a nuclear device Hunters use different devices to trap different animals. device (n.)devise (vt.)设计，发明；advice(n.) advise(v.) 建议 practice (n.)practise (v.) 实践；10. damage (vt.): cause harm to; (n.) harm, loss 损坏，毁坏 do damage to 对有损害eg. The scandal damaged his career. We must find ways to repair the damage. The accident did great damage to my car.damageable(adj.)可损害的damaging (adj.) 有破坏性的damages(n.)赔偿金 damage, destroy, ruin 和 injure辨析 damage: 损坏，指部分损害，从而降低其使用和价值。 destroy: 毁坏，多指彻底毁坏而无法修复。 ruin: 毁掉，覆灭，既可以指具体的事物，也指抽象的东西如财产、名声和前途等。Eg: All kinds of rumors might ruin his good fame. injure: 伤害，多指损害人的外貌、健康等。11. gale (n.): strong and violent wind 大风,强风归类：wind 风; breeze 微风; gust 阵风; puff 一阵轻风; storm 暴风; hurricane 飓风, 十二级风; whirlwind 旋风; typhoon 台风12. cover (vt.): pass over or travel (a certain distance) 行过一段距离 eg. The travelers covered 400 miles a day by car.They covered three states in two days. uncover (v.) 揭露; discover (v.) 发现; recover (v.)恢复13. previous (adj.) :coming earlier in time or order 以前的, 先 注：无比较级previous to 在之前previously (adv.)= before 以前, 过去eg. Have you had any previous experience of this kind of work? Previously, the two were good friends. He said he had paid the doctor a visit two days previous to National Day. 14. attempt (n.): effort to do sth. (v.) try to do sth. 尝试, 试图 make an attempt to do sth.=attempt to do sth. 试图做某事eg. A true friend will make every attempt to help you. Dont attempt the impossible.He attempted to win her love by sending her expensive gifts. The enemys attempt at a surprise attack failed.15. dissuade advise against, try to turn sb. away 劝阻, 劝止 dissuade (vt.)dissuasion (n.) dissuasive (adj.) 劝阻persuade (vt.)persuasion (n.)persuasive (adj.) 劝说dissuade sb. from doing sth.persuade sb. out of doing sth.劝某人不做persuade sb. to do sth.=persuade sb. into doing sth. 说服某人做 eg. They dissuaded her from leaving school / out of leaving school. I have persuaded my father to stop smoking / into stopping smoking.16. rough: not gentle or calm 暴风雨的, 不平静的; 粗糙的; 粗略的; 粗暴的 eg. rough waters 汹涌的海水 a rough voyage 历尽风浪的航行rough weather 狂风暴雨的天气 in a rough manner 粗暴地17. fortunately: luckily antonym unfortunately eg. Fortunately, he caught the train. Fortunate (adj.)fortune (n.)幸运misfortune(n.)不幸 fortune-teller (n.)算命者 be fortunate in 在方面幸运; be fortunate to do sth. 很幸运做eg. Mr. Green is fortunate in having a beautiful wife. We were fortunate enough to catch an early bus. 18. waken vi. stop sleeping 醒来 vt. wake sb. up唤醒eg. He wakened at the first ray of daylight.The alarm bell wakened him out of a sound sleep.wake, waken, awake和awaken辨析wakewokewoken (usu. vi.) 唤醒, 自己醒 普通用语，常与up搭配;wakenwakened wakened (usu. vt.) 叫醒正式用语；awakeawokeawoken (usu. vi.) 醒来，正式用语，并常用于“觉悟、觉醒”的比喻意义。 awake to sth. 开始意识到,认识到 awakenawakenedawakened (vt.)唤醒, 引起（usu. passive） 表示状态，并常用于引申意义。eg. The baby waked up early in the morning. Please waken me at 6. Asia is awaking from her long sleep.He was awakened by a loud noise in the street.19. nightmare (n.): terrible and frightening dream 噩梦 have a nightmare 做恶梦eg. The little girl often has nightmares. dream (n./v.) 梦，梦想 daydream (n./v.) 白日梦20. drag (vt.) pull along with difficulty 拖, 拽 drag on 时间拖得很长 drag ones feet 拖延时间（不愿意做）eg. The horse was dragging the heavy stones. The meeting dragged on for more than 3 hours. The boss promised to raise the pay but was dragging his feet now.21. accomplish (vt.): finish successfully; succeed in doing 完成, 实现(目标) eg. Women can accomplish anything as men can do. accomplished (adj.) accomplishment (n.) accomplishments (n.)才艺，技能accomplish, finish, complete and achieve accomplish: 完成，达到，强调做成一件事的过程，表示达到预期的目标，多用于书面语。finish：完成，常用语，强调完成一件事的最后一步。complete：指成功地做完未做的事，强调使完整起来或更完善。achieve：实现，指努力完成艰巨、困难的工作。Eg: The task wont be accomplished by one generations. The house will be finished after it is painted. I need one more stamp before my collection is completed. Nothing would stop me from achieving my ambition.22. conquer (vt): defeat or overcome 克服, 征服 eg. It is very hard to conquer bad habits.conquerable (adj.) conqueror (n.) 征服者, 胜利者 conquest (n.) 征服 conquer和overcome辨析conquer:征服，多指用暴力或斗争使其他事物置于控制之中。overcome:克服，强调艰苦的斗争，排除障碍而取得胜利，多用于克服精神方面的东西。 eg. The Germans conquered most of the European Continent in 1941.23. undoubtedly (adv.) certainly, truly 无疑地, 必定地 doubt (n.) 怀疑doubtful (adj.) 可疑的doubtless (adv.) 无疑地undoubted (adj.) 肯定的, 不容置疑Undoubtedly, he is not an ideal husband.24. moreover (adv.) further, besides 此外, 而且 (=furthermore) 用于增强或补充,可放在句首、句尾或中间, 并用逗号隔开。eg. He smokes and drinks. Moreover, he is lazy. 25. human (adj.) of man or mankind 人们，人类 eg. the human race人类 human nature 人性 human being 人类 being (n.) living creature 生物，生命 eg. come into being形成，产生 bring into being 使产生 for the time being 暂时Phrase26. set out: to begin or start a course of action 着手, 开始 eg. He set out to write a history or civilization.We set to repair the old house. 27. give up: stop doing; abandon hope for sth. or the attempt to do sth. 放弃，停止 eg. Youd better give up smoking (or cigarettes).We should not give up halfway. give in 屈服，让步 give away赠送 give off 放出 give out分发，精疲力竭28. all by oneself: completely alone; without any help 独自地，单独地eg: She was there all by herself.We finished this task all by ourselves. 29. in spite of: =regardless of,=despite 尽管, 不顾 (+n.= although + 从句) eg. The children went to school the storm.She did it our efforts to stop her. He decided to hire the young man in spite of the fact that he had no teaching experience.注意: despite 后不加of30. by far: by a large degree 得多(to modify a superlative or comparative degree adjective or adverb) eg. This is by far the better of the two.He is by far the best boy in the class.31cant / can not help doing sth.: cant keep from; unable to prevent 情不自禁，禁不住 eg. I couldnt help thinking of him when I read the letter. The little girl couldnt help crying at the sad news. 辨别：cant help but do sth. 不得不，只好 eg. As the snow was too heavy to drive, he couldnt help but stay at home. 词汇充电 1. in detail 详细地 2.at length 最后，终于；充分地，详尽地3. out of date 过期（过时）的 4. up to date 时新的5. in effect有效，实际上 6. in any event 无论无何7. give place to 让位于，被取代 8. give rise to 引起，使发生9. carry away 失去理智 10. of oneself 自然而然地，自动地11. turn up 出现 12. turn sb against （使）反对 Unit 3 1. relative =kin; relation 亲戚 eg. My uncle is my closest living relative.adj. Theory of the Relativity相对论2. occasion：special time; t