河北省藁城市实验学校中考英语语法复习 代词和冠词（无答案） 人教新目标版.doc

代词和冠词代词: 代换名词、形容词等词语的词一人称代词 1. 形式 人称代词的五种基本形式：人称单复数主 格宾 格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词反身代词第一人称单 数imemyminemyself复 数weusouroursourselves第二人称单 数youyouyouryoursyourself复 数youyouyouryoursyourselves第三人称单 数hehimhishishimselfsheherherhersherselfitititsitsitself复 数theythemtheirtheirsthemselves2. 人称代词的基本用法：主格：用作句子的主语，放在动词前（疑问句式放在特殊动词后）；e.gshe lives in toronto, canada.does he speak english?宾格：用作句子的宾语，放在动词或介词后；e.gyesterday my mother bought me a new bike.i usually go to movies with her on weekends.形容词性物主代词：用作句子的定语，之后必须带名词；e.gthis is my book. thats his book.名词性物主代词：相当于一个名词词组，之后不能带名词（其代换的名词需在前文中出现）；e.ghis book is much newer than mine(= my book).反身代词：一般放在动词后，要求同主语人称一致。e.gshe teaches herself english.初中英语代词的用法（人称代词-2） 考点要求 1. 人称代词填空时的方法（步骤）-四步推断法确定应用形式 第一步：看其后是否有名词，如有则用形容词性物主代词，如无则考虑其余形式；e.gwhere does _ friend come from?a. you b. your c. yourselfd. yours答案为b。因为它后面带有名词friend。注意：如其后的名词为双宾语中的间接宾语，名词前用宾格。e.gmr. smith teaches us english. 第二步：看其是否代换了名词词组，如是则用名词性物主代词，如不是则考虑其余三个；e.gthis isnt my pen. _ is in my pencil case.a. ib. mec. my d. mine答案为d。因为在此它代换了my pen。 第三步：看其是否在动词前，如在动词前，则用主格，如在动词后，则考虑剩下的两个；e.gnancy is mach fatter than _ am.a. ib. mec. myd. myself答案为a。因为它位于动词am前作主语。 第四步：如在动词后，应考虑其是否同主语人称一致，如一致则用反身代词，如不一致则用宾格。e.gnobody teaches _ english. she teaches _.a. her; herb. herself; herselfc. her; herselfd. herself; her答案为c。因为它们都位于动词teaches后作宾语；其中第一空同主语人称不一致，使用宾格，第二空同主语人称一致，使用反身代词。 2. 几个人称代词连用时的位置关系：几个人称代词同时作某一成分时，应将第二人称放在最前面，而将第一人称放最后。e.gyou , he and i are good friends.these books are for you and me. 3. 名词性物主代词作主语时，主谓一致关系：名词性物主代词作主语时，其后的谓语动词形式应同它所代换的名词形式保持一致。e.gmy shoes are cheap. but his _ expensive.a. isb. arec. bed. am答案为b。因为此时的his代换了his shoes，其代换的名词为复数，be用are。 4. 反身代词的正确写法（单复数的判断）以及所属关系的表示：（1）在使用反身代词时，应注意根据句中的某些词语推断其单复数形式，并注意其正确写法。e.gplease help _ to some cakes, children.a. youb. yourselfc. yourselvesd. your答案为c。因为“help yourself to some”是一个固定句式（意为“请随便吃点”），我们可根据children认定对象为复数。（2）在说明“某人自己的”时，不能用反身代词加所有格符号表示，而应用“形容词性物主代词+own+名词”表示。e.g错：he drove himselfs car to go camping last sunday.对：he drove his own car to go camping last sunday. 5. 双重所有格的使用：在“数词+名词+of+人称代词”这样的词组中，人称代词应使用名词性物主代词，同of一起构成双重所有格形式。e.g错：lucy is a good friend of me.对：lucy is a good friend of mine.初中英语代词的用法（复合不定代词） 二、复合不定代词 由some; any; no; every和body; thing; one构成的合成词 考点要求1. 自身的意义以及对句式的要求：构成复合不定代词的两个部分分别表示不同的意义和对句式的要求以及考虑其表人还是表物。body用来表人；thing用来表物；one既可表人也可表物。some表示“某”，用于肯定陈述句或用情态动词引导的问句中；any表示“某”，用于否定句或问句；no表示“没有”，用于肯定句说明否定意义；every表示“每一”，用于肯定句或问句。 2. 主谓一致性关系：复合不定代词任何时候都看为单数，作主语时，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。e.g错：everybody in our class are interested in english.对：everybody in our class is interested in english. 3. 定语后置关系：对复合不定代词进行修饰的词语必须后置放在它的后面。e.g错：i have important something to tell you.对：i have something important to tell you. 4. none和其它复合不定代词的用法区别：none在句中不能单独作主语，但可同of连用带名词一起作主语；其它复合不定代词可单独作主语，但不能同of连用。e.g错：he is new here, so none knows him.对：he is new here, so no one knows him.错：nobody of them has been to england before.对：none of them has been to england before. 5. 代换复合不定代词的人称代词：在使用人称代词代换复合不定代词时，应考虑其表人还是表物，表人时，用they代换，表物时，用it代换。e.gsomething is wrong with your computer, isnt it?nobody has been there before, have they?初中英语代词的用法(不定代词）三不定代词 用于代换上文中可数名词的all, both, each, either, none, neither ( every)等表示不定概念的词语 考点要求1. 考虑表示“两者”还是“两者以上”：选用不定代词时，首先应根据上下文的关联以及句中某个关键词语对不定代词的限制，考虑其说明“两者”还是“两者以上”的人或物。如说明“两者”，选用both、either、each或neither。如说明“两者以上”，选用all、（every）、each或none。e.g.the twin sisters are both good at math.none of the students in our class wants to go there.2. 考虑表示肯定还是否定：选用不定代词时，还应根据句子意义考虑应该使用表肯定的词语还是表否定的词语。如说明肯定，使用all、both、either、each或（every）。如说明否定，使用neither或none。e.g.none of us wants more because we are all full.3. 考虑作限定词使用时同名词的关系：除none以外的不定代词都可用作限定词，其后所带的名词应考虑使用适当的形式。all可带复数可数名词或不可数名词；both只能带复数可数名词；either、neither、each、every只能带单数可数名词。不定代词作限定词使用时，用来表示总量关系，为前位限定词，应放在整个名词词组的最前面，其中all、both可同中位限定词和数词连用，但either、neither、each、every作限定词时，同其余限定词相排斥。e.gall the students in our class are going to take part in the sports meeting.every boy in our class is going swimming this afternoon.4. 考虑作主语时主谓一致性关系：不定代词作主语时，应考虑其说明单数还是复数，以便确定谓语动词是否应使用第三人称单数形式（-s形式）以及be动词使用单数还是复数。both和all作主语时，看作复数，谓语动词不用-s形式，be动词用复数形式；either、each、neither单独作主语时，看作单数，谓语动词用-s形式，be动词用单数形式；either、each、neither、none同of一起构成词组作主语时，如of后带人称代词，一般将其看为单数，如of后带复数名词，既可看为单数，也可看作复数（初中英语中常看作单数）。e.gall of the students are going hiking next weekend.both of the twin brothers have been there several times.none of them is going to the movie tonight.neither of the boys is / are going to watch the football match this afternoon.5、不定代词作同位语时的位置关系：不定代词作主语同位语时，应放在谓语动词前，特殊动词（情态动词、助动词）后；作宾语同位语时，应紧跟在宾语后。e.gthe students all went to the movie except mike.we will all go to beijing for vacation this summer.its necessary for us all to learn english well.then mix it all up.初中英语代词的用法(other的用法）四、other的用法：other, another, others, the other, the others的用法区别 基本用法other：形容词，其后可带复数名词，如带单数可数名词，其前应加上适当的限定词；another：限定词，其后带单数可数名词；代词，代换上文中提及的可数名词（单数，泛指）；the other：限定词，其后可带名词；代词，代换上文中提及的可数名词（单数，定指）；others：代词，其后不能带名词，代换上文中提及的可数名词（复数，泛指）；the others：代词，其后不能带名词，代换上文中提及的可数名词（复数，定指）；注意：限定词同名词之间只能使用other。 考点要求 注意两个句式、一个搭配和两个区别1、两个句式的用法（1）one the other 一个 另一个注意：使用该句式时，其前应出现说明具体数量的数词two；如出现的数词大于two，one可以根据实际情况调整成其它数词；如出现的数词减去one或调整后的数词后仍大于“1”时，the other应变为the others或“the other + 数词”（两个数词相加应等于所给数词）。e.gthere are two apples here. one is for you, the other is for your sister.there are five apples here. two are for you, the others are for your sister.there are five apples here. two are for you, the other three are for your sister.（2）some others 一些 另一些注意：使用该句式时，其前应出现说明不定数量的词语；如出现说明具体数量的数词，others前应加上the。e.gthere are many people on the beach. some are swimming, others are enjoying the sun.mrs. smith bought 25 books. some were for her daughter, the others were for her son.2、一个搭配：any同other连用时应注意之点： any others：any同单一的other连用，other应使用others； any other + 单数名词：any后如还带有名词，用other，名词用单数； any of结构：any of后的other前应加the，如含名词用other，名词用复数；如不含名词，用others。e.gof all the cities in china, shanghai is bigger than any others.of all the cities in china, shanghai is bigger than any other city.of all the cities in china, shanghai is bigger than any of the others.of all the cities in china, shanghai is bigger than any of the other cities.3、两个区别：（1）同数词连用时another和more的区别another用于数词前，more用于数词后。e.gto finish the work in time, we need another two men.to finish the work in time, we need two more men.（2）other和else的区别 other用于名词前；else用于wh-词或复合不定代词后，其后不能带名词。e.gwhat other animals do you like?do you have anything else to tell us?what else did you buy last week?4、初中英语中除上述情况外，一般都用another。e.gthis pair of shoes doesnt fit me. please show me another pair.1. 填空1. the radio says itll be _（有风的) tomorrow.2. the little boy is too young to _(照看) himself.3. kate often goes _(商店) with her mother on saturday.4. the children are playing _(高兴地) in the park.5. last week no. 8 middle school _() a sports meeting on the playground .6. could you please speak more _(慢) , tom? i cant cacth what you say.7. paris has some fantastic sights, _(包括) the eiffel tower and notre cathedral.8. the policemen all said that their _(妻子们) helped them a lot .9. after half an hours flying , the plane landed _(安全地) in nantong .10. my parents and i live in king street. my uncle lives in a flat next to _(我们的).11. its important to protect the _(地球).12. bob is used to rading newspaper or a _(杂志) while waiting for a bus .13. do you know what your _(父母亲的) favourite foods and colours are ?14. yunnan university has a long history . it has celebrated its _(第八十个) birthday.15. mondern planes can _(容易地) get us over a ;ong distance in a few hours.16. the tourist had no _(选择) but to wait for the next train.17. _ (医疗的) workers are badly needed in those earthquke-hit areas .18. mary drove and her ten-year-old daughter sat _(在后面) .19. its said that hes a rich man and _(拥有) three luxury cars.20. if you dont know the work , you may look up in a _(字典).21. all of the students were _(激动) about the report given by him yesterday.22. tom will go back to english after he finishes _(旅行) to beijing.23. of all the _(发明) , that is the most important one in his life.24. computer are very _(帮助) . many people want to buy one .25. the shop is _(关门) at 7:30 in the evening .26. mary passed her examination because she studied very_(努力).27. he told me his name but i have _ (忘) it28. yuan longping was _(被认为) as “ father of hybrid rice”.29. li mings father was _(杀死) in an accident.30. dont keep us _(等候) so long .31. a strong snowstorm happened in south china in _(一月), 2008.32. luckily, my father was very _(耐心), and didnt give up helping me.33. we have some difficulties _(到达) to the top of the mountain.34. the more you do sports, the stronger and _(健康的) you well be.35. shops are usually _(充满) with people on sundays.ii. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1. the books on those _(shelf) are very interesting.2. mike draws _(well) in our class.3. my friend always talks to others _(polite).4. have you found your _(lose) car?5. jim writes more _(care) than kate and lily.6. i hear the greens live on the _ (nine) floor of this _(build).7. i think this cd player is _(help) to learn english.8. which do you think is more difficult,_(write) english or spoken english?9. his _ (miss) books are usually returned to the library.10. have you ever spoken to a _ (foreign)?11. in the library there are lots of books on _(difference) subjects.12. in the end,the young man came up with a _(wonder) idea.13. the books give us _(know ) and make us happy.14.the _ (library) is very _(friend) to us.15.zhang jian swam across the english channel successfully.his father said, “he is the _(proud) of the chinese people.”16. japan is a _(develop) country, but china is a _(develop) one.17. when i arrived at the airport, it was raining_(heavy).18. are you interested in _ (collect) stamps?19.i am sure my dream will come_(truly) some day in the near future.20. i felt very _(excite) when i heard the _(excite) news.21. her sister hasnt come back. so her parents look _(real) worried.22. the girl was so _(frighten) that she couldnt move.23. the englishman spoke _(slow) enough for me to understand.24. she thought the young man was a queue _(jump).25. it was too _(danger) to cross the road at the moment.26. go down this road, and take the second _(turn) on the right.27. she is very _(please) to see her husband.28. shall we go _(hike) tomorrow morning?29.there are a lot of patients in the _(wait) room.30.the three _(visit) came to my house last sunday.31.the little boy felt a little _(worry).32.what an _ (interest) story it is!33.-thank you very much for _(tell) me. -its a _(please).34.my uncle is a very good _(surf).35.i have been to the great wall _(two).36.every year, water sports,_(especial) surfing attract a large number of _(tour) to the island.37.what a _(move) story it was!38.mr brown had a strange way of making his classes _(live) and interesting.39.she couldnt fall _(sleep) last night.40.what is the _ (little) expensive way to travel of all?41.its much _ (hot) today than it was yesterday.42.-whats the weather like today? -its _ (sun).43._ (like) his short father, mike is tall and thin.44.the old woman came back _ (late) on.45.our classroom is much brighter than _(they).46. it is blowing _(strong) outside.47. dont _ (smoking). its bad for your _(healthy).48. a horse is a _ (use) animal.49. its difficult for us to swim _(cross) the river in twenty minutes.50. i hear the foreign friends will come to our factory at the _ (begin) of october.51. she copied the new words as _ (quick) as she could.52.we are thinking about _(relax) for an hour.53.youd better work out your maths problems by _(you), children.54.their _(fly) number is no.ca436.55.it was a _(please) trip, and they all had a good time.56.mount emei is one of the most beautiful_ (mount) in china.57.hainan island is the second _(large) island in china.58.my uncle went to shanghai on _(busy) yesterday.59.we spent an _(enjoy) holiday in hangzhou.60.his fathers _(die) made him very sad.iii. 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。1. i_ (lend) her some cds the day before yesterday, but she _(not give) them back to me yet.2. my brother will call me as soon as he _(reach) there.3. what _the teachers _(do) this time yesterday?4. im afraid you _(forget) the date, havent you?5. how many times _ you _(be) to the great wall? only once.6. im sorry _(bring）you so much trouble.7. i _ already _(finish) my homework.8. _ you ever _(eat) fish and chips?9. i cant _(find) my pen._ you _(see) it anywhere?10. she _ never _(speak) to a foreigner.11. i with my friends _(have) a party at this time yesterday.12. it _(rain) more often in chengdu than in chongqing.13. we _(love) our country.14. they _ (help) the farmers with their apple harvest last autumn.15. so far we _(learn) about six hundred english words.16. i dont know whether she _ (come) or not romorrow.17.they _(move) to shanghai next month.18.who _(give) us a talk this afternoon?19.the greens _(watch) tv now.20.he said that he _(ring) me up when he got there.21.my father _(read) a newspaper at seven oclock yesterday evening.22.they _(know) each other for about ten years.23._ you ever _(spit) in the street?24.you mustnt _(litter) things about.25. we _(win) the volleyball game at last.26. it _(take) me ten minutes to walk to school every day 27could you tell him _（turn）the radio down？ 28dont forget _（post）the letter tomorrow 29we often hear her _（sing）this song in english 30try _（not come）to school late from now on 31you have worked for two hoursyoud better stop _（have）a rest 32this book _（sell）well 33my brother _（join）the league in 2001 34information can _（store）in the computers and taken out anytime needed 35when we went out，the young man _（disappear） 36who _（hang）the bag on the wall just now？ 37he _（decorate）the new house last month 38she often _（borrow）books from the school library 39the people _（pick）apples when i saw them 40the red skirt _（cost）the girl forty dollars 41the film _（begin）when i got to the cinema 42look！the children _（run）on the playground 43they _（visit）the science museum next sunday 44my uncle said that he _（draw）a beautiful horse for me the next day 45the girl told me that she wanted to be an english teacher when she _（grow）up 46my sister is a student and she _（study）at a middle school nearby 47the old man _（listen）to the radio every day 48listen！they _（talk）about the film“titanic” 49i _（teach）english for more than twenty years 50my mother _（wash）clothes while i _（do）my homework last sunday morning51you _（catch）the early bus if you get up early 52would you please _（clean）the classroom after school？ 53i think your computer needs _（repair）54half the worlds telephone calls _（make）in english 55the flowers must _（water）every day iv按要求转换下列句型： 1tom does his homework in the evening（改为否定句） tom _ _ his homework in the evening 2hes already finished his homework（改为一般疑问句）_ he finished his homework _？ 3kate has little bread for breakfast（改为反意疑问句）kate has little bread for breakfast，_ _？ 4bruce does everything very carefully（改为感叹句） _ _ bruce does everything！ 5the smiths have been in beijing since 2000（对划线部分提问） _ _ have the smiths _ in beijing？ 冠词1._ book in the dest is yours . mine is there . a. / b. the c. an d. a2. it is _ interesting story , and i like _ very much . a. a , it b. an, it c. the , one d. the , it 3. jim is _ 18-year-old boy.a. a b. an c. the d. /4. we chinese speak english as _ second language.a. the b. / c. a d. an5. i think a dog is a good pet for _ 8-year-old boy like jack. _ really ? i dont think so .a. a b. an c. / d. the 6. there is _ new student in my class. he is _ english boy.a. an, a b. a, a c. a , an d. an , an 7._ changjiang