terms of health关于健康的单词.docx

Physical Education 11Student WorksheetFitness and Nutrition Vocabulary termsTermDefinitionabsorbsomethingabsorbsa liquid, gas, or other substance, it soaks it up or takes it inaccelerationgetting faster and faster in speedaccuracytheaccuracy ofinformation or measurements is their quality of being true or correctadvancedanadvancedsystem, method, or design is modern and has been developed from an earlier version of the same thingaerobic exerciseexercise that involves oxygenagilitythe quality to be fast and quick and be able to move rapidlyalternateto change, or to substituteanglethe space between two linesathleteA person who plays sportsbackwardopposite to forwardbake to cook in an ovenbalanceState of being equalballisticFast exercises that involve quick movementbeginnerstarterbendto curvebenefitto promote well-beingblood pressurethe amount of force with which your blood flows around your bodybolster To increasebones Bodily structures that form your skeletonboostit causes it to increase, improve, or be more successfulbreaththe air that you let out through your mouth when you breathebroilyou cook it using very strong heat directly abovebruise an injury which appears as a purple mark on your body, although the skin is not brokenburnTo reduce or get rid of (to burn calories)caloriesCalories are units used to measure the energy value of foodcarbohydratesCarbohydrates are substances, found in certain kinds of food, that provide you with energycardiovascular systemBody system involving the heart, blood, veins and arteries that supply blood to the tissues, and all body parts.caringBeing affectionate, helpful, and sympatheticcatchyou capture them after chasing them, or by using a trap, net, or other devicecholesterolCholesterol is a substance that exists in the fat, tissues, and blood of all animalscircuitsA sequence of exercisescirculationYour circulation is the movement of blood through your bodycollaborateto work togetherconfidenceIf you have confidence in someone, you feel that you can trust themcontrolControl of an organization, place, or system is the power to make all the important decisions about the way that it is runconvert change into a different formcool downState of bringing your heart rate down and relax muscles. Performed at the end of an exercise. Ex. Yoga stretchescooperation to work with them or to help for a particular purposecoordinationCo-ordination is the ability to use the different parts of your body together efficientlycrawlWhen you crawl, you move forward on your hands and kneescrunchesAbdominal crunches, like a sit up where you lie on the ground on your back and lift your body up to your knees and then lower down to the ground again.curlsA curl of something is a piece or quantity of it that is curved or spiral in shapedashIf you dash somewhere, you run or go there quickly and suddenlydeclineIf something declines, it becomes less in quantity, importance, or strengthdehydrationWhen something such as food is dehydrated, all the water is removed from it, often in order to preserve itdevelopWhen something develops, it grows or changes over a period of time and usually becomes more advanced, complete, or severedipIf you dip something in a liquid, you put it into the liquid for a short time, so that only part of it is covered, and take it out againdirectionthe general position a person or thing moves or points towardsdistancethedistance betweentwo points or places is the amount of space between themdrillsSequences of exercisesdynamic exerciseExercise which exerts fast body movementsefficiencyEfficiency is the quality of being able to do a task successfully, without wasting time or energyenduranceEndurance is the ability to continue with an unpleasant or difficult situation, experience, or activity over a long period of timeenergyEnergy is the ability and strength to do active physical things and the feeling that you are full of physical power and life.environmentenvironment is all the circumstances, people, things, and events around them that influence their lifeestrogenFemale hormone involved in reproductionexerciseIf you exercise something such as your authority, your rights, or a good quality, you use it or put it into effectexhaleWhen you exhale, you breathe out the air that is in your lungsexplosiveAn explosive is a substance or device that can cause an explosionextendextends for a particular distance or extends from one place to another, you are indicating its size or positionfairnessFairness is the quality of being reasonable, right, and justfatsFats are foods that provide energy and also involved in insulation, circulation, transport and hormonal and immunity functionsfiberpart of grains and plant foods that cannot be digestedfitnessTo be physically activeflexTo shorten your muscles (Ex. Flex your biceps)flexibilityTo be able to lengthen your musclesflurryA flurry of something such as activity or excitement is a short intense period of itfood groupsThe 5 food groups are: Whole grains, Meat and alternatives, fruits and vegetables, dairy and alternatives, oils and fats.food pyramidDaily guidelines for the number of servings for each major food groupforwardMovement aheadfrequencyThe amount of times you perform an activityfuelFood is a fuel for your body that helps generate energygallopLifting your knees and skippinggrillSimilar to barbequing food. Requires no oil. Heat is added from top and bottom.gripTo take hold of it with your hand and continue to hold it firmlyhangTo extend so you do not touch the groundhealthThe state of optimal physical, mental, and social well-being.heart beatThe number of times heart fills with blood and releases it.heart rateHeartbeats during specified time: the number of heartbeats occurring within a specified length of timeheartYour heart is the organ in your chest that pumps the blood to your body. high impact activityExercises using great amounts of energyhopAn explosive movement lifting your feet off the ground and then quickly lowering. Can be performed with both feet or single legs.hormonesHormones are chemical substances that act like messenger molecules in the body. After being made in one part of the body, they travel to other parts of the body where they help control how cells and organs do their work.hydrationTo consume enough water for normal body function immune systemA body system that helps to protect you from foreign agents and from illness and infectionimprovementTo make betterinclineUpward, steep direction (Incline hill during running)inflammationAn inflammation is a painful redness or swelling of a part of your body that results from an infection, injury, or illnessinhaleTaking air into your lungsInjuryAn injury is damage done to a persons or an animals bodyintensityIntense is used to describe something that is very great or extreme in strength or degreeintermediateAn intermediate stage, level, or position is one that occurs between two other stages, levels, or positionsintersectIf two or more lines or roads intersect, they meet or cross each other. intervalsAn interval between two events or dates is the period of time between themisolateTo focus on exercising one area of a body part. (Ex. Isolate your chest muscles)jogSlow form of runningjointsBody parts where two bones meet. They make the skeleton flexible without them, movement would be impossible.jumpMovement that involves bending your knees, pushing against the ground with your feet, and moving quickly upwards into the airjumping jacksFast movement involving jumping, clapping hands over your head and returning them to the side of your bodykilometersA unit of measurement (1 km= 1000m)lapIn running, completing one sequence around a track.leapJumping high in the air or jump a long distanceliftmove upwardsligamentConnect bone to musclelocomotorsMoving the total body to get from one place to another using a walk, run, hop jump, leap, skip, gallop or slide or some combination of these.low impact activityExercises which do not involve too much energy or force on your body. (Ex. Swimming) lungsAn organ located in your chest which is involved in breathingmaximizeReached the end levelmetersMeasurement milesMeasurement mineralsnutrients that regulate many chemical reactions in the bodyminimize the lowest possible levelmoderationEating foods in small quantities without over or undereating.movementa change of position that does not entail a change of locationmusclesBody tissues that allow movement naturalFood that has not been processed, refined or has had any additives or preservativesnervous systemInvolves your brain and spinal cord; allows normal body function and movementnutritionNutrition is the process of taking food into the body and absorbing the nutrients in those foodsobesityBeing overweight; beyond the normal required rangeoptimumThe best level or state that you can achieveoverhandHands over shoulder or head paceThe pace of something is the speed at which it happens or is doneperformanceThe act of doing a sport successfullyphysical activityA level of individual physical ability that allows a person to perform daily physical tasks effectively with enough energy reserves for recreational activities or unexpected physical challenges. physiologyStudy of the function of body systems such as the respiratory system and organs such as the heart and muscles.physiquethe shape and size of your bodypoachA method of preparing food where steam is used to cook and no oil is addedportionA certain amount of foodpositionThe position of someone or something is the place where they are in relation to other thingspostureYour posture is the position where your back is tall and your core is strongpowerThe ability to move your body parts swiftly while at the same time applying the maximum force on your muscles.precisionPerforming an exercise exactly as it should be donepressPushing firmly in a forward motionprocessed foodFood that has chemicals, additives or preservative added to gesteroneProgesterone is a hormone that is produced in the ovaries of women and female animals and helps prepare the body for pregnancyprogressionA progression is a gradual development from one state to anotherproteinsProtein is a substance found in food and drink such as meat, eggs, and milk. You need protein in order to grow and be healthypullWhen you pull something, you hold it firmly and use force in order to move it towards you or away from its previous positionpulseNormal beating of your heart; can be taken from the wrist or the side of the neckpushUsing force to move away from you or away from its previous positionraiseMoving to a higher positionrange of motionVarying degrees of motion around a jointreactionA response to an actionreaction timeThe ability to react or respond quickly to what you hear, see or feelrecoveryIf a sick person makes a recovery, he or she becomes well againrefined foodRefined foodscan bedefinedasfoodswhose nutrient content has all been removed. These types offoodinclude white flour, white rice and white sugar.repetitionsa term used to describe the number of consecutive times you perform an exercise.restTo stop an exercise to regain strengthresting heart rateThe heart rate when you are rest reverseBackwardsrotateA circular movementrunmove fast by using ones feet, with one foot off the ground at any given timesculptTo shape your body by exercising and strength trainingsearTo sear something means to burn its surface with a sudden intense heatserving sizeA reference amount; how much food you should consumesetsA group of repetitions of a specific exercise; each set of repetitions is followed by a rest period before another is performedshuffleA football drill where you move side to side with quick rapid movement of the feetskeletal systemThe body system that involves bones and makes up the foundation of your body allowing movement. We have 206 bones in our body.skillA skill is a type of work or activity which requires special training and knowledgeskinThe thin layer of tissue forming the natural outer covering of the body of a person or animal.skipto move in a light, springy mannerslidethe act of moving smoothly along a surface while remaining in contact with itsparringA technique in kickboxing where you box using fairly gentle blows instead of hitting your opponent hard, either when you are training or when you want to test how quickly your opponent reactsspeedthe rate at which something moves or travelssportspersonshipHaving a positive, fair and kind view towards a sport, opponents and teammates. sprintTo run rapidly stabilityThe quality of maintaining aconstantcharacterin the presence offorceswhich threaten to disturb it,resistancetochange.staminaStamina is the physical or mental energy needed to do a tiring activity for a long timestatic exerciseexerts muscles at high intensities without movement of the joints. Pushing on a heavy couch that does not move is an example of static exercise.steamSteam is the hot mist that forms when water boils. strainPressure or force exerted on a muscle that may result in injurystrengthThe amount of force a muscle can produce.stressExerting more than normal forcestretchextend ones limbs or muscles to increase flexibility; performed during cool down or at the end of exercisesupportHold something such as a bar to maintain balance and stability to prevent injury from occurringsweatMoisture exuded through the pores of the skin, typically in profuse quantities as a reaction to heat, physical exertion, fever, or fear.swingmoving repeatedly backwards and forwards or from side to side from a fixed pointtarget heart rateHeart rate is the number of heartbeats per unit of time - typically expressed as beats per minute (bpm) - which varies according to fitness level, age and gender.teamworkWorking with other members in a cooperative and collaborative waytechniqueA way method of performing an exercise correctlytemperatureThe degree of internal heat of a persons bodytendonPart of your body that joins a muscle to bonetestosteroneTestosterone is a male hormone responsible for the male sexual instinct and other male characteristicsthrowpushing your hands away from your chest and releasing the ball or object that it moves through the airtoningGive greater strength or firmness to (the body or a part of it): exercise tones up the muscles.torsoThe trunk of the human bodytrustworthinessA trustworthy person is reliable, responsible, and can be trusted completelytuckBringing your knees to elbowstwistturning the two ends of it in opposite directionsunderhandwith hand brought forward and up from below shoulder leveluprightSitting or standing with your back tall and straightvarietyMixing things up, making them different; variety in your diet helps you stay healthy and motivated.vitaminsnutrients that help chemical reactions take place in the bodywarm upA variety of low intensity activities designed to prepare your body for more vigorous activities.Major Muscle GroupsMajor Muscle GroupLocationFunctional RoleAbdominalStomachSitting up, postural alignmentBicepsFront of upper armLifting, pullingDeltoidsTop of shoulderOverhead liftingErector SpinaeLow backPostural alignmentGastrocnemius & Soleus (calves)Back of lower legPush off for walking, standing on tiptoesGluteusButtocksClimbing stairs, walking, standing upHamstringsThigh - backWalkingLatissimus Dorsi & RhomboidsBack - Lats are the large triangular muscle in the midback.Rhomboids are between the shoulder bladesPostural alignment, pulling open a doorObliquesSide of bodyRotation and side flexion of bodyPectoralisFront of upper chestPush up from lying position, push open a doorQuadricepsThigh - frontClimbing stairs, walking, standing upTrapeziusLarge muscle in upper and mid-back.Moves head sideways,TricepsBack of upper armPushingTypes of TrainingDefinitionCircuit Training (Body Conditioning)Circuit training is a type of physical training in which you do a series of different exercises, each for a few minutesPush upsPush-ups are exercises to strengthen your arms and chest muscles. They are done by lying with your face towards the floor and pushing with your hands to raise your body until your arms are straightChest pressAn exercise performed by pressing a bar or lever away from the chest while seated.Chest flyA fly (or flye) is a strength training exercise in which the hand and arm move through an arc while the elbow is kept at a constant.Shoulder raisesExtending your arms above your head to work your shouldersBack extensionPlacing your hands on your hips and leaning back and pulling your shoulders to the backSit upsAn exercise performed by lying on the ground and lifting your upper body and chest off the ground to meet your knees and lowering back down to the ground.SquatsAn exercise performed by pointing toes straight ahead and heels firmly on the ground and lowering your butt and bending your knees and then raising yourself to a standing position.LungesAn exercise that works the quadriceps and hamstrings. Performed by stepping forward with one leg and