动词和动词词组.docx

动词和动词词组1 动词分类主动词和助动词英语动词按照在构成的动词词组中所起的作用分为主动词（Main Verb）和助动词（Auxiliary）,主动词又叫实义动词（Notional Verb），是句中的语义核心。助动词的语法功能是协助主动词表示不同的语法意义或情态意义。关于主动词的分类以后将从不同角度分别阐述，现在首先介绍助动词的种类。英语的助动词分为三类1.基本助动词：BE DO HAVE 本身没有词汇意义，只有语法意义。 助动词BE通常用来协助主动词构成进行体或者被动态。I am listening to a pop song.The students were praised by the principal. 助动词do通常用来协助主动词表示否定意义构成否定或疑问句。My wife doesnt know Russian.What did she give to Nick for his birthday? 助动词do还可以用来加重语气You do look well.Do come and join us. 助动词have通常用来协助主动词构成完成体或者完成进行体。John has been that movie.I have been working here for 20 years.2. 情态助动词情态助动词一共有14个。包括一些过去时形式。他们是can/could, may/might, will/would, shall/should, must，ought to, dare /dared, need, used.情态助动词表示情态意义，其过去形式不一定表示过去时间。情态动词不能重叠使用，随后的动词均是不带to的动词不定式即动词原形。 It may snow tonight. Would you let me use your pen a minute? If she became a movie star,she could afford a new home.3. 半助动词半助动词指某些兼有主动词和助动词特征的语法结构，比如have to,seem to,之类的结构。I have to buy a new car.He seems to be disappointed.二、及物动词（transitive）和不及物动词(intransitive)，连系动词(linking)。1.及物动词及物动词后面必须有宾语（object）。John is playing basketball.有些及物动词可带双宾语，即间接宾语（人）和直接宾语（物）。He give me a new book.My father bought me a new pen.(for)(to:pay,bring,lend,offer,return,send,sell,show,teach,tell)(for:order,make ,prepare,cook,save,sing)2. 不及物动词不及物动词之后不须带宾语。The present is speaking.连系动词连系动词之后须带主语补语。The capital of the US was once New York city.That sounds like a good idea.She is now feeling much better.The fish smells awful.（感觉动词都是系动词，feel ,hear ,see,smell,taste,）3、 词组动词 1.动词加介词的形式 固定搭配 Come across Look intoLook afterRely onAccount forTake to See to2. 动词加副词小品词Break outBring upCall offCarry onCarry outCome outFigure outMake upPass awayTake inTake on Take over3. 词组介词动词Come down withPut up withLook forward toLook up toLook down onMake up for四、限定动词（finite verb）和非限定动词(non-finite verb)当动词出现在句中时，有五种语法形式，两种限定式，现在时（present tense）和过去时（past tense）,3种非限定形式，即不定式（infinitive），-ing分词，-ed分词。区别在于，前者有时的标志，后者没有。原形现在时过去时不定式-ing分词-ed分词walkwalk(s)walked(to) walkwalkingwalkedpasseatspeakteachgrow5、 规则动词和不规则动词大多数动词的过去时和-ed分词都是在原形动词词尾加-ed，有些动词不以加词尾-ed的方式构成（cut/cut/cut,build/built/built,begin/began/begun）。不规则动词主要分