必修四unit3知识点.doc

一 重点单词1. content adj.满意的；满足的；知足的【常用搭配】be content to do sth. = be willing to do sth. = be ready to do sth.愿意做某事be content with sth. = be satisfied with sth.对满意 n.内容；所含之物；目录【常用搭配】to ones content心满意足地；尽情地 vt.使满足；使满意【辨析】content, satisfy若只表示使人在一定程度上感到满足，则用contentsatisfy表示使人的要求、希望得到完全的满足。The poor are often contented, but a miser is never satisfied.穷人常知足，守财奴则用不满足。【注意】(1)content 用作名词，作“(书的)目录内容”讲时，往往用其复数形式contents。(2)content用作形容词，作“愿意的”讲时表示“非常愿意”往往用well修饰content，而不用very。【即学活用】(1)I like the style of his writing _(但不喜欢其内容)(2)_(他看起来比较满意)，less bitter.(3)I _(愿意等待)(4)My grandparents _(满足于乡村生活)答案：(1)but I dont like the contents(2)He seemed more content(3)was content to wait(4)are content to live in the countryside2. astonish vt. 使大为吃惊（比surprise程度强，比shock程度弱）【常用搭配】be astonished at sth.对某事感到惊讶be astonished to do sth.惊讶地做某事【拓展】astonishing adj. 令人吃惊的(常叙述给人的印象) astonished adj. 感到吃惊的（常叙述本身的感受） astonishment n. 吃惊 in astonishment 吃惊地 （much）to ones astonishment 使人吃惊的是【即学活用】(1)That he passed the English test _(使每个人都感到惊讶)(2)_ (他们全都很惊讶)to hear China won 51 gold medals in the Beijing Olympics.(3)_(使我们吃惊的是)，he actually arrived punctually.(4)He _ (吃惊地看着老师)when he heard the news.(5)There was an _ (惊讶的表情)on his face.答案：(1)astonished everyone(2)They were all astonished(3)To our astonishment(4)looked at his teacher in astonishment(5)astonished look3. fortunate adj. 幸运的；吉利的【常用搭配】be fortunate in doing在做方面很幸运 be fortunate to do sth.有幸能够做某事 It is fortunate that幸运的是 have good/bad fortune运气好/不好【拓展】unfortunately adv. 不幸地 fortune n. 命运；财产 make a fortune发财 try ones fortune碰运气【即学活用】(1)She _(非常幸运地免于受伤)(2)I am _(很幸运有个好妻子)(3)_(所幸的是)that nobody was hurt in the accident.(4)After graduation，I went to Shenzhen _(碰运气)答案：(1)had good fortune to escape injury(2)fortunate in having a good wife(3)It was fortunate(4)to try my fortune4. entertain vt.&vi. 使欢乐；款待【常用搭配】entertain sb.(to sth.) (=treat sb. to sth.) 招待/款待某人 entertain sb. (with sth.) (用)使某人快乐、 entertain sb.as.把某人当招待【拓展】entertainment n. 娱乐；文娱节目 entertaining adj.愉快的；有趣的【即学活用】(1)I _ (招待朋友吃晚饭)yesterday evening.(2)The man _(以各种把戏逗乐孩子们)(3)Its not a very serious film，but _(一部很好的娱乐片)答案：(1)entertained my friends to dinner (2)entertained the children with all kinds of tricks(3)a good entertainment5. throughout(1) prep. 遍及；贯穿throughout the World 全世界throughout China 全中国throughout the year 全年throughout ones life 终生(2) adv. 到处；始终（通常用于句末）6. worn adj. 用旧的；用坏的；疲惫的；憔悴的【常用搭配】wear away/wear sth.away(因重复使用而)变薄，变光滑；磨薄，磨光wear down/wear sth.down(因重复使用而)变小，变光滑；磨短wear sb./sth.down(尤指通过不断攻击或施加压力)使衰弱，使意志薄弱wear off逐渐消失；消逝；逐渐停止wear out/wear sth.out穿破；破损；用坏；用完wear oneself/sb.out使疲乏，使筋疲力尽，使厌烦(与exhaust，give out，tire out意思相近)【即学活用】(1)The inscription on the coin _.(2)She eventually _ me _ after several days，and I have to say she was much better than I.(3)The effects of the drug will soon _，so dont be nervous.(4)He _ two pairs of trousers last year.(5)Youll _ yourself _ if you carry on working so hard.答案：(1)had worn away(2)wore；down(3)wear off(4)wore out(5)wear；out【拓展】worn-out adj. 破旧的；磨损的；疲惫不堪 tired out精疲力竭的（多指人的情况）The old soldier is always wearing a pair of worn-out shoes.He came back from school and he was worn-out.7. convince vt.(1) 使确信；使信服【常用搭配】convince sb. of sth./that从句 使某人相信How can I convince you of her honesty?What she said convinced me that I was mistaken.(2) 说服【常用搭配】convince sb. to do sth.说服某人做某事【拓展】convincing adj. 令人信服的；有说服力的convinced adj.坚信不移的8. direct v.导演；指示；指挥；负责 adj.直接的【常用搭配】direct+宾语 指导. direct that命令 direct sb. to do sth.指导/指示某人做某事 direct sb. to给某人指路9. outstanding adj. 突出的；杰出的；显著的10. particular(1) adj. 特殊的；特别的【常用搭配】be particular about sth. 对某物很挑剔in particular(=especially)尤其地，特别地(2) n.细节I suppose the secretary knows the particulars of the plan.11. occasion n. 场合；机会；时刻【常用搭配】on one occasion(=once)有一次 on occasion(=sometimes)有时【拓展】occasional adj.偶尔的；临时的 Occasionally adv. 偶然；偶尔12.slide(1)v. (使)滑行；（使）滑动【常用搭配】slide away 溜走 slide off 滑落 slide into/out 溜进/出 slide over 回避 slide down 滑下来(2) n. 幻灯片13. amuse vt. 使发笑；使愉快【拓展】amusing adj. 好笑的；有趣的 amused adj.觉得好笑的 amusement n. 消遣，娱乐 keep sb. amused 使某人快乐 to ones amusement 使某人感到好笑的是14. whisper v. 低语；小声说 n. 耳语；低语【常用搭配】speak in a whisper 低声说 whisper to sb. 向某人低声说 whisper sth. in ones ear 在某人耳边小声说15. vast adj. 巨大的；辽阔的；大量的【辨析】vast, huge, enormous(1) vast强调幅员“辽阔广大”a vast area of forest一片广阔的森林(2) huge强调体积方面的“巨大”She arrived at the airport carrying two huge suitcases.(3) enormous不仅表示“块头”和“数量”方面的“大”，而且可以表示程度方面的“极大”He earned enormous sums of money and was paid as much as 100 for a single appearance.The stress theyre under is enormous.16. react vi. 作出反应；回应【常用搭配】react to作出反应；回应 react against 反对；反抗Workers reacted angrily to the news of more job losses at the factory.工人们对工厂进一步裁员的消息感到气愤。He reacted against his fathers influence by running away.他离家出走以反抗他父亲的控制。【拓展】reaction n.Shock is a natural reaction to such bad news.感到震惊是听到这些坏消息的自然反应。17.face n脸v面对，朝向lose ones face丢面子face to face面对面地face danger/difficulty面对危险/困难be faced with面临hit sb. in the face打某人的脸make a facemake faces做鬼脸in the face of面对to ones face当着的面，坦白地，公开地save ones face保全面子【即学活用】(1)The children sat at the window _(对走过的行人做鬼脸)(2)_(面对着极大的困苦)，she managed to keep her sense of humour.(3)He _(不敢面对自己的老板) after making such a fool of himself at the meeting.(4)He was afraid of failure because he _(不想在同事面前丢脸)答案：(1)making faces at the passers-by(2)In the face of great hardship(3)couldnt face his boss(4)didnt want to lose face with his colleagues二 重点词组1. badly off 穷的；缺少的；缺乏的（=be short of）Were too badly off to have a holiday.我们太穷，没有钱度假。【拓展】be badly off for缺少. be worse off比更穷/更不愉快 be well off 境况很好，富裕 worse and worse越来越坏，每况愈下go from bad to worse越来越坏，每况愈下to make matters worse(and)what is worse更糟糕的是The school is now badly off for experienced teachers.这所学校现在却少有经验的教师。(1)Ive got quite a big room so _(还不是太穷)(2)The school _(相当缺乏书和设备)(3)We shouldnt complain about being poor because many families are much _(更穷)(4)He lost his job last Saturday，_(而更糟的是，他的妻子病了)答案：(1)Im not too badly off(2)is rather badly off for books and equipment(3)worse off(4)to make matters worse，his wife was ill2. pick out认真挑选，选出；分辨It took Mary a long time to pick out a new dress at the store.玛丽花了好长时间才从那家商店挑选了一件新衣服。The yellow coat makes her easier to pick out in the crowd.黄色的大衣使她在人群中变得非常显眼。【辨析】pick out, select, choosepick out指按照个人喜好或希望进行挑选，有“仔细挑选”的意思。Pick out the stamps you like best, please.请选出你最喜欢的邮票。Select是“精选”的意思，指有目的地、认真地按照一定标准在一些人或东西中选出一些好的，放弃一些差的。Choose使用范围广，通常指在所提供的对象中，凭个人的判断力进行选择，意为“挑选出来”，而不强调“精选”。You can choose any book you like.你可以选择任何你喜欢的书。3. cut off切掉，割掉，分离，隔离(常跟from)，中断They cut off our food supply.他们中断了我们的食物供应。The village was cut off from the outside world by heavy snow for a month.这个村庄被大雪封住而不能与外界联系达一个月。cut across抄近路穿过；径直穿过cut down砍倒；杀死；削减；缩短cut in插嘴；突然插入cut into halves/pieces切成两半/碎块cut out切掉；剪切(或剪成某种图形)cut up切碎；使丧气，使痛心【即学活用】(1)She _ the photo from the newspaper and glued it to her diary.(2)They didnt know why their water supply was _.(3)We cant _ our expenses any further.(4)This machine is used to _ vegetables.(5)So strange，I got _ in the middle of the conversation.I called the operator，but no one answered.You may try again.答案：(1)cut out(2)cut off(3)cut down(4)cut up(5)cut in4. pick up(1) 捡起，拾起She picked up a stone and threw it at the window.她捡起一块石头朝窗户扔去。(2) 接收；收听We picked up radio signals for help from the damaged plane.我们收到那架发生故障的飞机发出的无线电求救信号。(3) 顺便买；驾车去接There is a market where you can pick up some amazing bargains.有一个可以买到便宜货的市场。Will you pick me up after the party.聚会后你开车来接我吗？【拓展】take up从事take out拿出put up举起put out熄灭set up建立turn up出现make out辨认出turn out结果是5. go camping去野营“go+v.-ing”结构表示“去做某事”。6. in the open air在户外，露天The poor had to stay in the open air in the evening.穷人在晚上不得不住在户外。They had a party in the open air.他们举行了一场露天晚会。【拓展】in the air广泛的；流行的 on/off air广播/停播Well be on air in about 3 minutes.大约3分钟我们开始广播。7. think of(=think about)考虑；思考；记起We are thinking of going abroad for further education.我们正在考虑到国外去进修。I cant think of his name right now.我一下子记不起他的名字了。【拓展】not think much of看轻 think better of sb.对某人印象深；看重某人 think highly of看重，高度赞扬 think little of看轻；看不起I dont think much of that mew restaurant.我对那家新饭店评价不高。三重点句子1. Charlie first picks out the laces and eats them as if they were spaghetti.查理首先挑出鞋带来吃，像是吃意大利面条一样。本句as if引导方式状语从句，表示与当时状况不相符的状况，故用虚拟语气。(1)as if引导从句用陈述语气的情况当说话者认为句子所陈述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时，从句用陈述语气。(2)as if引导从句用虚拟语气的情况从句动词表示的动作在时间上与主句动词表示的动作同时发生，从句动词用过去式。从句动词表示的动作在时间上比主句动词表示的动作早发生，从句动词用had done。从句动词表示的动作在时间上比主句动词表示的动作晚发生，从句动词用would/could/mightdo(1)It looks _(像是要下雨了)(2)He talks _(好像是知道) where she was.(3)He talks about Rome _(好像他以前去过似的)(4)He opened his mouth as if _(要说什么)答案：(1)as if it is going to rain(2)as if he knew(3)as if he had been there before(4)to say something2. As Victor Hugo once said, “Laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face”, and up to now nobody has been able to do this better than Charlie Chaplin.维克多雨果曾经说过：“笑容如阳光，驱走人们脸上的冬天。”关于这一点，直到今天也没有人能比查理卓别林做得更好。(1)as引导定语从句，that引导的定语从句修饰the sun.As引导非限制性定语从句，意为“正如”，可位于句首，而which引导的非限制性定语从句不能置于句首。As everyone knows, about two-thirds of the earth is covered with water.众所周知，地球上大约三分之二的面积被水覆盖。【拓展】as引导定语从句时常用在下列结构中： as is known to all众所周知 as is often the case情况常常如此 as has been pointed out正如已经指出的那样(3) up to now意为“迄今；到现在为止”，是多用于现在完成时或现在完成进行时的时间状语，常可与until now, by now, so far互换。3. He made people laugh at a time when they felt depressed, so they could feel more content with their lives.在人们感到沮丧的时候，卓别林使他们开怀大笑，于是人们对自己的生活感到比较满足。句中when引导的定语从句修饰先行词a time。【拓展】(1)与time相关的短语： all the time一直；始终 in no time立刻，马上 on time按时 in time及时 at one time曾经 at a time每次，一次 (2)“有时”的固定表达：at times, sometimes, on occasion4. Not that Charlies own like was easy!然而查理自己的生活也并不容易！Not that意为“倒不是说，并不是说，并非”，用于减弱刚才所说的话的效果或重要性。Where were you last night? Not that I care, of course.你昨晚在哪儿？当然，我不在乎。【拓展】not thatbut that不是（因为）.而是（因为）Not that she forgot to do her homework, but that she was looking after a sick classmate.不是她忘了做作业，而是她在照顾一个生病的同学。5. This character was a social failure but was loved for his optimism and determination to overcome all difficulties.这个角色是个社会生活中的失败者，但是他的乐观精神和战胜一切困难的决心使她受到人们的喜爱。failure (n.)fail to do sth.没有能够做某事6. He cut off a piece of meat and pretended to chew a mouthful but instead put it into the plant pot beside him.他切下一块肉并假装嚼了一口，但却把肉放进了身旁的花盆里。mouthful为名词，意为“一口；满口”。7. The second person treats it as a request for information and gives an answer to the question.第二个人把它当作（顾客）请求咨询信息，于是回答了这个问题。treatas.把当作treat sb. to sth.用宴请某人；用款待某人【拓展】 “把当作”的固定表达： consideras look onasregardasthink ofas8. The answer to the question contains a word which, when spoken, can have two meanings.问题的答案含有一个当我们讲它时有两个意思的单词。(1) which至句末是定语从句，修饰先行词a word.(2) answer to the question意为“问题的答案”，to为介词(3) when spoken是省略的时间状语从句，相当于when it is spoken.在when, while, until, unless, if, once, as if等引导的时间、条件和方式状语从句中，当从句的主语与主句的主语一致，或者从句的主语为it,而且从句的谓语动词包含be动词时，则从句中往往省略主语和be动词。Once printed, this book will be very popular.Once (it is) possible, hell try to help others.9. Watson tried a third time.华生试着回答了第三次。不定冠词+序数词结构作定语时，意思侧重点不在于“顺序”，而在强调“一而再，再而三”地“重复”。Shall I ask him a third time? 我还要问他第三次吗？（我已问过他两次）【注意】“the+序数词”用来表示顺序。 He came here for the second time.他是第二次来这儿。10. Whenever you finish your story, you will feel a sense of success.不管你何时读完故事，你都会有一种成就感。(1) whenever引导了一个让步状语从句，译为“不管何时”；相当于no matter when.由“疑问词+ever”构成的可以引导让步状语从句的词还有：wherever, whatever, however等。【注意】上述由“疑问词+ever”构成的合成词若引导名词性从句，则不能换成 “no matter+疑问词”形式。Whoever gets the job will be responsible for it. = Anyone who gets the job will be responsible for it.(2) sense n.感觉，知觉；理智He has a good sense of sight/hearing/smell/taste/touch.他的视觉/听觉/嗅觉/味觉/触觉很灵敏。A sense of humour is of great importance in communication.幽默感在人际交往中是非常重要的。四主要语法动词-ing形式（）动词-ing形式分为动名词和现在分词两类，动名词属于名词性质，现在分词属于形容词性质。两者在句中都可作表语和定语。但动名词不能作宾语补足语。1. 动词-ing形式作表语(1) 动名词作表语表示抽象的一般性的行为，对主语内容进行解释说明，主语与表语位置可以互换。Our duty is serving the students.我们的指责是为学生服务。Playing all kinds of music is our job.演奏各种音乐是我们的工作。(2) 现在分词作表语主要是表示主语的性质、特征，主语和表语位置不可互换。Travelling is interesting but tiring.旅行是有趣的，但也是累人的。The argument is very convincing.这个论据很有说服力。2. 动词-ing形式作定语(1) 动名词作定语表示所修饰名词的用途。常位于所修饰的名词之前。可以转换成“for”的结构。a sleeping bag=a bag for sleeping睡袋a writing desk=a desk for writing写字台(2) 动名词与现在分词作定语的区别动名词作定语说明所修饰词的用途；现在分词作定语表示性质、特征、状态或动作，可以转换成定语从句。a walking sick(=a sick for walking)手杖a walking man(=a man who is walking)正在散步的男人3. 动词-ing形式作宾语补足语(1)现在分词常用于以下两类动词后构成宾语补足语。感觉、感官动词（短语）see, hear, feel, smell, watch, find, notice, look at, listen to等Can you smell anything burning? 你闻到什么东西烧焦了吗?I heard someone knocking at the door.我听见有人在敲门。使役动词have, keep, get, leave等We wont have you doing that.我不允许你那么做。(2) 现在分词、过去分词和动词不定式作宾语补足语时的区别。现在分词作宾补时，表示正在进行的动作或持续的、经常发生的主动状态；不定式作宾补表示从开始到结束的全部过程；过去分词作宾补，表示已发生的被动状态。I saw him opening the window.我看见他正在开窗户。I saw him open the window.我看见他打开了窗户。I saw the window opened.我看见窗户开着。Book 4 Unit Three. 单词拼写：1. After graduating from Peking University, he was_(幸运的) in having a good job.2. I found it_(令人惊讶的)that the young player beat the chess master in the game.3. I still remember her_(特别的)way of smiling.4. Im so full that I couldnt eat another m_.5. The naughty student e_ the reason why he was late for school.6. _ the world, kind people donated money and necessities for the people in earthquake-hit areas.7. He was c_ just to sit in front of the television all day.8. After the big earthquake, tens of thousands of people became h_.9. The expert_(使人相信)everyone of his theory with the experiment.10. It seemed that he ate what was left with great e_. 单项选择1. Though this vegetarian are very_ about what he eats, he_ the delicious dishes.A. special, feel content to B. particular, feel content withC. especially, feel satisfied with D. particularly, feel satisfied to2. He was in such a hurry that he_ an old man.A. came across B. waved goodbye C. looked up at D. knocked into3. We were running out of petrol. I went off_ a garage where I could buy some.A. in search of B. in search for C. searched D. searching4. It is not _ good manners to talk_ their m