湖南省邵东县高考英语单项选择和阅读理解精炼（1）.doc

湖南省邵东县2016高考英语单项选择和阅读理解精炼（1）阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (a、b、c和d) 中, 选出最佳选项。isaac stern was more than a great violin player.he was one of the most honored musicians in the world.he was an international cultural ambassador.he was a major supporter of the arts in america and in other countries.he was a teacher and activist. isaac stern was born in 1920 in what is now ukraine.his parents moved to san francisco，california the following year.his mother began teaching isaac the piano when he was six. he began taking violin lessons after hearing a friend play the instrument.later，he began studying music at the san francisco conservatory(音乐学院)he progressed quickly.when he was 16，he played with the san francisco symphony orchestra.the next year，he performed in new york city and was praised by music critics. during world war ii ，mr.stern played for thousands of american soldiers.it was the first time many of them had heard classical music.after the war，he was the first american violinist to perform in a concert in the soviet union.he also supported young musicians and cultural organizations in israel. in 1979，isaac stern visited china.he met with chinese musicians and students.he taught them about classical western music.his visit was made into a film，which is called from mao to mozart：isaac stern in china.it won an academy award for best documentary film. in 1984，isaac stern received the kennedy center honors award for his gifts to american culture through music.he expressed his thoughts about the part that music plays in life.he said he believed that music makes life better for everyone，especially children.mr.stern supported and guided younger classical musicians.they include violinists itzhak perlman and pinchas zukerman，cellist yoyo ma，and pianist yefim bronfman.isaac stern died in 2001 at the age of 81.he was a major influence on music in the 20th century.he leaves the world richer with his many recordings.【文章大意】本文详细介绍了小提琴家艾萨克施特恩的生平以及他在音乐方面和国际文化方面的贡献。1which of the following statements is true about isaac stern?ahe was born in california in the 1920s.bhe had visited many countries to advertise his recordings.che played less than one hundred concerts in all.dhis excellent music life lasted over 60 years.答案：d细节理解题。根据上下文可知，他从16岁的时候就开始表演，81岁的时候去世，所以他的音乐人生经历了60多年，所以d项是正确的。2the underlined word“cellist”in paragraph 6 may refer to_.asomeone who supports young musiciansbsomeone who wants to be a musiciancsomeone who has a gift for musicdsomeone who plays a certain kind of instrument答案：d词义猜测题。根据前文的violinists“小提琴家”和下文的pianist“钢琴家”可以猜测是演奏某种乐器的人。3from the passage，we can infer that_.aisaac stern influenced the culture in the 20th century a lotbisaac stern was one of the most active musicians of his daycisaac stern was so busy that he couldnt spare time to educate the youthdisaac stern led a rich life in his later life答案：b推理判断题。根据文章中他的音乐经历可以推知他是他所在的年代里最活跃的音乐家之一，因此b项符合文意。4what will be the best title for the passage?aisaac stern and the awards he gotbisaac sterns life of pursuing musiccisaac stern：one of the most honored musiciansdisaac sterns visit to china答案：c主旨大意题。根据文章第一段第二句he was one of the most honored musicians in the world.(即主题句)以及全文所述可知c项最适合当标题。a、b、d三项所表达的都是片面的。【由山东省枣庄市2014高考英语3月模拟试题改编】阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（a、b、c和d）中，选出最佳选项。it s never a real problem for us when the weather gets cold we have many different ways of coping with the coldwe can put on more clothes, stay next to a fireplace, turn on the air conditioner or simply travel to a warmer city to spend the winterbut things are not as easy for plants unlike humans, plants cant move to escape the cold or generate heat to keep themselves warmso how do they manage to survive the freezing winter? the cold is a big challenge for plantstheir living tissues can be damaged when they freezeits like a plants equivalent(相等物）to frostbite（冻疮）also，the process of freezing and thawing（解冻）can cause air bubbles to form in the plants water transport systemif enough of these air bubbles come together as water thaws they can block the flow of water from the roots to the leaves and kill the plant to live through cold weather，plants have developed three strategies，some plants，such as oak trees, avoid freezing damage by dropping their leaves, before the winter chill sets in-effectively shutting off the flow of water between roots and leavesand growing new leaves and water transport cells when the warm spring returns. other plants, pine trees for example, protect them-selves by narrowing their water transport cells, which makes it easier for cells to travel among air bubblesthe third stratef;yi8 also the most extremesome plants; die on the ground in winter and start growing as new plants from seeds when conditions get warmer however, these smart strategies were developed nmry8lowlyover millions of years of evolutionthis leads scientists to worry that plants may not be able to deal with human-caused climate change, which has only started occurring over the past few decadesscientists are hoping to find possible ways to save plants from the threat of climate change1what is the text mainly about? adifferent ways for people to keep warm bhow plants live through the freezing winter chow plants develop the 8tratef;ies to keep warm* dthe ways to save plants from the cold,2if the water transport from roots to leaves 18 blocked, athe plant will suffer from frostbite bair bubbles will be formed cthe plants living tissues will be damaged dthe plant will be killed3oak trees protect themselves by astopping the water transport from roots to leaves bdropping their leaves to grow seedscslowing the flow of water from roots to leavesdstoring enough water in the roots4what does the underlined phrase “sets in” mean in paragraph3? astops bbegins cleaves dreturns5what is the main idea of the last paragraph aplants can, easily adapt to climate change bscientists are making efforts to save plants cclimates change is a great threat to plantsdplants are developing new strategies to survive【参考答案】15、bdadc 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（a、b、c和d)中，选出最佳选项。 【2013界广东省湛江市二模】-athe baby elephant ishanga was lying in the bushes, scared, starving, and struggling to breathe. until just a few days before, she had been with her mother, walking through the sweeping grasslands of tsavo national park in the african country of kenya.the babys mother was killed, most likely by a poacher. on wednesday, november 17，2010， an anti-poaching team was removing the deadly wire traps that poachers set throughout the park. luckily, a member of the team spotted the baby and rushed to help her.suddenly, a lion sprang from the bushes and clamped its mouth around her neck. one person managed to pull out his gun and fire shots in the air. the shocked lion released the baby and backed away.now the weakened baby had a grave wound on her neck. about 300 miles north of tsavo is a place that helps baby elephants. over the years, the orphanage(孤儿院）has raised 130 elephants and successfully released them back into the wild.after a tense wait and a plane ride, the babys rescuers made it to the orphanage. the medical staff worked frantically to treat her wound. she was scared and wild. she screamed, and wouldnt let any humans get near her, refusing to eat or drink.after two hours of intense medical care, ishanga awoke and slowly struggled to her feet. two keepers and a veterinarian had been with her all night. they were relieved that she seemed to be recovering.the next day, though ishanga remained weak, her keepers introduced her to some of the other 14 young elephants living at the orphanage. the keepers stood back as the other elephants extended their trunk in friendly greetings. the older elephants led ishanga around, giving her a tour of her new home.over the past year, ishangas wounds have healed. she has made many friends. itll be up to ishanga to decide when shes ready to leave the orphanage. returning to the wild is a long process that can take more than 10 years. for now, she is in no rush to leave this extraordinary community of elephants and humans. ishanga has a long, happy life ahead of her.26.the underlined word “poacher” in paragraph 2 probably means_.a. someone who hunts illegallyb. someone who protects wild animalsc. someone who is an elephant keeper d. someone who works in the park【答案】a【解析】词义猜测题。根据an anti-poaching team was removing the deadly wire traps that poachers set throughout the park.一个反盗猎团队移除致命陷阱,偷猎者设置的陷阱在整个公园。anti-poaching team反盗猎团队，故推测poacher是非法偷猎者，故选a。27.when the baby elephant was saved by the team, she was_.a. badly ill b. very dangerous c. deadd. badly wounded【答案】d【解析】细节理解题。根据now the weakened baby had a grave wound on her neck.小象被救时脖子处严重受伤，故选d。28.the baby elephant was sent to _by plane.a, hospital b. nature c. the orphanage d. national park【答案】c【解析】细节理解题。根据after a tense wait and a plane ride, the babys rescuers made it to the orphanage.用飞机把小象运到孤儿院进行救助，故选c。29.according to the passage, we can know that_.a.ishanga is eager to leave the community after recoveringb.the anti-poaching team shot the lion and saved ishangac. it will probably take ishanga a long time to return to the natured. a year later, ishanga still didnt adapt to living in the orphanage【答案】c【解析】推理判断题。根据returning to the wild is a long process that can take more than 10 years.对于ishanga来说回归自然是一个漫长的时间，故选c。30. the passage is mainly about _.a.the rescue of a baby elephantb.the importance of animal protectionc.a brief introduction to the elephant orphanaged.a story about poachers and an anti-poaching team【答案】a【解析】主旨大意题。根据短文的内容可知主要叙述了拯救小象的过程，故选a。2015高考英语（附解析答案）.单项填空1you seemed to be very surprised at the news that he won.not exactly. it was his courage_ his skill_ really struck me.aas well as; that bother than; that crather than; which dand; which解析考查短语辨析和固定句式。other than除了；不同于；as well as与一样；也；rather than而不是。it was.that.构成强调句式。答案b2the government has taken measures to_the high prices of daily goods to keep the market stable.atake down bbring downchand down dtear down解析考查动词短语辨析。a项“取下；写下；拆除”；b项“击落；降低(价格等)”；c项“传递”；d项“拆除；弄倒”。答案b3it was mr zhang that helped us out of the trouble. without his help, we_it so easily.acant managebmustnt have managed ccouldnt have manageddcouldnt manage解析考查虚拟语气。句意：是张先生帮我们摆脱了困境。要是没有他的帮助，我们就不可能这么轻易完成。答案c4when i study english, i like to put my dictionary_my reach so that i can refer to it when necessary.aout of bbeyondcwithin din解析考查介词搭配。within ones reach在某人能够得着的地方或范围内。句意：当我学习英语时，我喜欢把字典放在能够得着的地方以便需要时随时查阅。答案c5the_look on his face told us that the boy was_of what he had seen.aterrified；terrified bterrified；terrifyingcterrifying；terrified dterrifying；terrifying解析句意为：男孩脸上恐惧的表情告诉我们他害怕看到的一切。因“激动、吃惊、害怕”等呈现的面部表情，发出的声音，应用过去分词修饰，故第一个空用terrified；第二个空用terrified做表语，强调小男孩的状态；be terrified of.“害怕”，为固定搭配。答案a6with a lot of difficult problems_，the manager felt like a cat on hot bricks.asettling bto settlecbeing settled dsettled解析句意：因为有许多难题要解决，经理感觉像热锅上的蚂蚁。“with宾语to do”结构作状语表将来，实际上此题中的with结构就相当于with a lot of difficult problems for him to settle，所以尽管settle和problems之间是被动关系，仍用主动形式。答案b7_by all his grandchildren，the old man was delighted.asurrounded bsurroundingcto be surrounded dto be surrounding解析surround与the old man之间为逻辑上的动宾关系的，所以此题应用surround的过去分词作状语。答案a8he spent at least as much time reading as you_online yesterday.ahad to chat bdo chattingchad chatted ddid chatting解析此句补充完整为：he spent at least as much time reading as you spent chatting online yesterday.因为前面已出现了一次you spent.，为了避免重复，所以用did代替；spend的用法是：spend time(in)doing sth，所以选用d项。答案d9they were poor，but they_a computer for their son.amanaged buying btried buyingcmanaged to buy dtried to buy解析 考查manage的用法。manage to do sth.意为“设法完成某事”，相当于succeed in doing sth.；而try to do sth.意为“努力做某事”，但不一定成功。答案 c10growing coin