英语人教版八年级下册新人教版八年级下册：Unit8初识现在完成时态.doc

现在完成时 Grammar 学案姓名：_ 班级：_学习目标：掌握“现在完成时”的构成及使用学习重点：现在完成时的基本概念及构成学习难点：现在完成的用法课前预习观察一：请仔细观察下列两个句子。1. I have not laughed like this since my childhood. 2. The Greeks have tried to capture our city for ten years.思考一：1. 现在完成时表达的含义：1）表示 发生的动作对 造成的影响或结果。E.g. I have just washed my car.（车很干净了）2） 表示过去已经开始并 到现在并将会持续的动作或状态.E.g. He has learned English since 2001.（我还在继续学习英语）2. 现在完成时的构成：_观察二：请仔细观察以下句子They have left a huge wooden horse.思考二：现在完成时的肯定句，否定句，疑问句分别是怎样构成的？ 总结： 过去完成时态的构成：肯定式：_否定式：_疑问式：_肯定回答:_ 否定回答: _练习一、按要求改变句子。1.She has done her homework. (改否定句) 2.She hasnt told us the news yet. (改肯定句) 3.The rain has already stopped. (改一般疑问句) 动词的规则变化(1)一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ”。 work-worked-worked , visit-visited-visited (2)以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ ”。 live-lived-lived (3)以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词，将 y 变为 i ，再加“ ”。 study-studied-studied , cry-cried-cried (4)重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ”。 stop-stopped-stopped , drop-dropped-dropped 注意：规则动词的过去分词的变化与过去式是一样的!练习二、写出下列动词的过去式和过去分词work _ _ live _ _ stay _ _stop _ _ clean _ _ study _ _不规则动词动词不规则变化需要大家去熟记，可参考书本137-138页的表格加以熟记！三、现在完成时的用法: 1)现在完成时表示过去发生的动作,并对现在有影响。Someone has broken the window. (窗户现在是坏的)I have lost the key. (我现在没有钥匙)I havent read that book . (不了解书的内容)I have cleaned my hands. (手是干净的)常与already(已经), yet(已经), just(刚刚),ever(曾经)等词连用. 常用语肯定句常用于肯定句句中, 常用于否定句,疑问句句尾。练习三、翻译以下句子.1、你已经找到你的书了吗? (find-found your book) 2、他们已经在这个城市建了许多房子. (build-built many buildings) 3、Judy还刚到达. (arrive-arrived) _2)现在完成时表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作或状态。 常与for, since引导的时间短语或从句连用.for+ 时间段 since+ , since+ _ since+_since: (自以来)1)since+时间点Hehasstayedheresince （五点钟）.2)since+ 时间段+ agoHehasstayedheresince （五个小时前） .3)since+ 从句(从句用一般过去时)ShehastaughtEnglishsince （自从他来这里）. for: (长达） for+ 时间段He has kept the book （长达两周时间）.高效课堂1、Mr. Brown has had his TV _ 15 years. 2、Ive taken driving lessons _ last month. 3、Tom has worn glasses _ he was 7 years old. 4.Scientists _ (discover) many galaxies in the universe already.5.He _ (not finish) his homework yet.6.We _ never _(see) this film before.7.Tony_just _(make) a model of the space station.8.Sally _ (not visit) China before.9._ the spacecraft _ (reach) Mars yet?10. Jack has visited China before.(改为否定句） Jack _ _China before.11. I have already heard the latest news .(改为一般疑问句） heard the latest news _?12. They have been here for 12 years. (改为一般疑问句） have they been here?课堂总结：1、 概念：A：表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 B：表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。2、结构及句型：肯定式：主语 + 助动词have/has + 动词的过去分词. 否定式: 主语 + 助动词have/has + not + 动词的过去分词. 疑问式：助动词Have/Has + 主语 + 动词的过去分词? 课后提升：( ) 1. The musician hasnt been here_.A. three weeks B. since three weeks C. for three weeks D. about three weeks ( )2. I have known him_.A. two years B. for over two year C. since two years ago D. last year( ) 3. We havent seen him_.A. last week B. for last week C. since last week D. since a week( ) 4. I _ Tom since he was a little boy.A. knew B. know C. has known D. have known( ) 5. Hes finished his homework, _? A. isnt he B. hasnt he C. doesnt he D. wasnt he( ) 6. How long _ you _ a party member? A. have, become B. have, joined C. have, been D. have, worked( ) 7. Jack has lived in Beijing_ he came to China. A. when B. since C. before D. for( ) 8. I _ here since I was born. A. have lived B. have left C. have been to D. have arrived9. She has done her homework. (改否定句) _10. She has already told us the news. (改否定句) _11. The rain has already stopped. (改一般疑问句) _12. I have waited here for two hours. (划线提问)_13 他的爷爷已经去世2年了。 His grandfather for 2 years.14. Nick 参军3年了.Nick _ _ _ the army for 3 years.15.他离开深圳好长时间了。He _ _ _ from Shenzhen for a long time.16.这本书我已借了4个月了. I _ _ the